RadiationProtectioninRadiotherapy

1、iaea training material on radiation protection in radiotherapyradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents2radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents3radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents4while accidents affecting workers and ge

2、neral public are covered in other parts of the course, some aspects of dealing with an accident and/or an emergency are independent of the group of persons involved - therefore this part is also relevant to these other parts.radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents5radiation

3、 protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents6iaea training material on radiation protection in radiotherapyradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents8radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents9radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lect

4、ure 1: accidents10radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents11radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents12radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents13radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents14radiation prot

5、ection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents15radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents16radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents17standard blocksadditionalblockradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents18radiation protec

6、tion in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents19treating 4 blocks as onecomputer calculates correct treatment timetwo loops in opposite directionsradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents20treating 4 blocks as one (another way)computer accepts input and calculates wrong tr

7、eatment time by about + 100 % (for 5% transmission factor of the blocks)two loops in the same directionradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents21radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents22radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: acciden

8、ts23radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents24radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents25012345678140aliveexpiredas of may 30, 2000dose gyn ofpat.radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents26radiation protection in radiotherapypa

9、rt 13, lecture 1: accidents27radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents28radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents29radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents30radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents31rad

10、iation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents32major documented accidents in radiotherapycountryapprox.datespatientsaffectedprobable causeusa1974-76450mistake in drawing decay curves for60cogermany1986-8786error in dose tables 60co fortreatment planning(varying overdoses)unitedkingd

11、om1988207mistake in calibration 60co beam(25% overdoses)spain199027wrong repair (maintenance linac)failure of communicationunitedkingdom1982-911045error in the use of a treatmentplanning system (tps) (5-30% underdoses)radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents33radiation prote

12、ction in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents34external and internal.radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents35radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents36radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents37radiation protection in r

13、adiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents38radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents39radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents40human errors in data transfer during the preparationand delivery of radiation treatment affecting the finalresult: garbage i

14、n, garbage outleunens, g; verstraete, j; van den bogaert, w; van dam, j; dutreix, a; van der schueren, edepartment of radiotherapy, university hospital, st. rafal, leuven, belgiumabstractdue to the large number of steps and the number of persons involved in the preparation of a radiationtreatment, t

15、he transfer of information from one step to the next is a very critical point. errors due toinadequate transfer of information will be reflected in every next step and can seriously affect the finalresult of the treatment. we studied the frequency and the sources of the transfer errors. a total numb

16、er of464 new treatments has been checked over a period of 9 months (january to october 1990). erroneous datatransfer has been detected in 139/24,128 (less than 1%) of the transferred parameters; they affected 26%(119/464) of the checked treatments. twenty-five of these deviations could have led to l

17、arge geographicalmiss or important over- or underdosage (much more than 5%) of the organs in the irradiated volume, thusincreasing the complications or decreasing the tumour control probability, if not corrected. such majordeviations, only occurring in 0.1% of the transferred parameters, affected 5%

18、 (25/464) of the newtreatments. the sources of these large deviations were nearly always human mistakes, whereas aconsiderable number of the smaller deviations were, in fact, consciously taken decisions to deviate from theintended treatment. nearly half of the major deviations were introduced during

19、 input of the data in thecheck-and-confirm system, demonstrating that a system aimed to prevent accidental errors, can lead to aconsiderable number of systematic errors if used as an uncontrolled set-up system. the results of this studyshow that human mistakes can seriously affect the outcome of pat

20、ient treatments.(abstracttruncated at 250 words) journal article; in english; netherlandsradiother. oncol. 1992: 50 occasions of data transferfrom one point to another for each patient!if one of them is wrong - the overall outcome is affectedradiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: ac

21、cidents41radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents42radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents43radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents44radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents45radiation protection in

22、 radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents46radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents48radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents49radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents50radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1:

23、 accidents51radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents52categoryno of cases%equipmentdesign37calibration1430maintenance37planning1328simulation49set-up920radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents53radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1:

24、accidents54radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents55radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents56radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents57radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents58radiation protection

25、in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents59radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents61radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents62radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents63radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture

26、1: accidents64radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents65categoryno of cases%equipmentdesign515s so ou ur rc ce e o or rd de er ra an nd d d de el li iv ve er ry y39c ca al li ib br ra at ti io on n515p pr re ep pa ar ra at ti io on n618p pl la an nn ni in ng g a an nd dd do

27、os se e c ca al lc cu ul la at ti io on n1134s so ou ur rc ce e r re emmo ov va al l39radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents66radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents67radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents68radiation pro

28、tection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents69radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents70radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents71radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents72radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13,

29、lecture 1: accidents73radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents74radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents75radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents76radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents77radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents78radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents79radiation protection in radiotherapypart 13, lecture 1: accidents80radiatio