原創(chuàng)名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句主從，賓從，表從，同位從賓語從句 在句子中作動詞賓語的從句 Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month. His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner. He was surprised that this note was genuine. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if youd mind us asking a few questions.動詞+賓語 動詞+句子1.陳述句陳述句 (動詞+

2、that) that 無意義，不做成分可省 The boy believes that he will travel to the moon.2. 特殊疑問特殊疑問句句 (動詞+特殊疑問詞what,who,whose,which,how,why,whoever,when,whomever,wherever.) 有意義，不可省，陳述語序I cant decide which book I should buy3.一般疑問句一般疑問句 (動詞+ whether/if) 有意義，不可省，陳述語序Tim didnt know whether/if he could pass the exam. say

3、， think， insist， wish， hope， demand， imagine， wonder， know， suppose， see， believe， agree， admit， deny， expect， explain， order， command， feel， dream， suggest， hear， mean， notice， prefer， request， require， propose， declare， report一：that引導(dǎo)的賓從1.否定轉(zhuǎn)移 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 think， believe， suppose， expect,imagine, cons

4、ider等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。（1,一現(xiàn)） I dont think he is right.（ I think he is not right.) He doesnt believe that what we told him is true. I thought that he wouldnt come back soon. 2. it 做形式賓語， that 真賓語 find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等詞+賓語+賓補，賓語為句子，it 代替賓語從句，賓從放后邊。I feel it necessary th

5、at we should study hard.He has made it clear that he wont marry her.We find it strange that he didnt come.He takes it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work. He thought it wrong that they left the child alone at home3. that 不可省情況1. 賓從前有插入語We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay

6、at home with us.They told us once again that this would never happen.2. 賓從是雙賓語中的直接賓語He told me that he was leaving for Australia.I cant tell him that his mother died3. it做形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)賓從I dont think it polite that they left without saying thanks.4.并列賓語中多個引導(dǎo)詞第二個that Everyone could see what was happenin

7、g and that Tom was really shocked.He said(that) the book was interesting and that all the children like to read.二：特殊疑問詞賓從 1. 陳述語序 連接詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu) She asked what my name was. She wanted to know what was the matter. 2. think, suppose, believe, guess, expect 等構(gòu)成的疑問句 Wh-/H- +do you think/suppose/believe/guess,

8、 expect+.? 看成賓從 Who do you think is the best player this year? What do you suppose you will do after school? Whether/If 由whether（if）引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用。 I wonder whether（if） they will come to our party只用whether 不用if情況 1. if 會有歧義時 Please tell me if you

9、need help.if 是否/如果 Please tell me whether you need help. 2.介詞后 Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 3.與or, or not 連用 I dont know whether or not the train goes to Peoples Street 4.不定式前 I cant decide whether to stay. I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 5.賓從提到句首 Whether it is true or n

10、ot, I cant tell. Whether they like the presents, we dont know.1. that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 that無意義，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。 One problem is that I dont look any different from other people. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as.在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句，位在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句，位于連系動詞（于連系動詞（be，seem

11、，remain等）之后。等）之后。表語從句2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 whether 有意義意為“是否、究竟、到底”，（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句) 不作任何成分。 The question is whether that man will turn up in time. Another concern is whether it is expensive or not. 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose在句子中起連接作用，在從句中從當(dāng)主語、表語、定語。 Tom is no longer what he used to be. The

12、 question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.3. what, which, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句4. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接副詞where, when, why, how在句中起連接作用，在從句中還充當(dāng)時間、地點、方式

13、、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。 Thats where I cant agree with you. Thats why weve given you the letter. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其他連詞其他連詞because,as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常用于引導(dǎo)表語從句通常用于This/That/It is because結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句主

14、語不能用主句主語不能用reason.It /My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.名詞名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導(dǎo)，不用引導(dǎo)，不用because/why句型 The reason (why.) is thatThe reason why he came late was that he got up late. This/That/ It is because.That is why.The reason for. is thatThe

15、 reason (why.) is thatas if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句，常置于連系動詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句，常置于連系動詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。It sounds as if / as though somebody are knocking at the door.She looks as if she were ten years youngerWh- 和Wh-ever區(qū)別 wh-表特指，wh-ever表泛指 Whoeverbreakstherulem

16、ustbepunished.不管誰=anyone who I know who broke the rule yesterday. I dont believe whatever he has said .我不相信他說過的任何話 不管什么=anything that I dont believe what he has said . 我不相信他說過的話。 whichever 和和whatever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 ： 意思意思：whichever +n 意思是意思是 “無論無論/不管哪個，任何一個不管哪個，任何一個” whatever+n. 意思是意思是 “無論無論/不

17、管不管/任何任何 什么什么” 范圍：范圍：whichever+n 是指某一范圍中的是指某一范圍中的 “哪一個或哪些哪一個或哪些” =any of whatever +n “無論無論/不管什么不管什么 ,任何任何” 沒有范圍限制。沒有范圍限制。 =any 1.She is very dear to us ,we have been prepared to do _it takes to save her life A.whichever B. however C.whatever D.whoever 2._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the

18、 national championships. A. Whichever B. No matter which C. Whatever D. which3.I do not fear _ trouble I will meet in the struggle . A.what B. which C. whatever D. whichever 名詞從句與定語從句的一些對應(yīng)關(guān)系：名詞從句與定語從句的一些對應(yīng)關(guān)系：1. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me. What I want to sa

19、y has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it. all thatAll that 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember who

20、mever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me. Anyone whoanyone whoanyone (whom)anything thatanythat The idea that the

21、 earth is round is not a new one He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise. I have some doubt whether he will come. He cant answer the question how he got the money. I have no idea where he comes from. I have no idea what he is doing.同位語從句同位語從句注意事項 that 無實義，不做成

22、分，不可省 只用whether不用if 其他wh-/h-連接詞有實義，在從句中做成分（包括主謂賓表定和狀語成分） 不用which引導(dǎo) 主句謂語較短，同位從分隔：“主語+謂語動+同位從” Word came that they had found the lost boy. An idea occurred to him that he might do it differently. 主語是advice,proposal, request, suggestion 等詞，同位從要用虛擬語氣 （should）+ doThe suggestion came from the chairman tha

23、t we (should) get everything ready tonight.可帶同位語從句的詞：比較抽象的名詞，可帶同位語從句的詞：比較抽象的名詞，有一定內(nèi)涵，同位語從句對其實際內(nèi)容有一定內(nèi)涵，同位語從句對其實際內(nèi)容作進一步解釋作進一步解釋 fact, news, word, notice, information, truth, proof, thought, idea, hope, wish, belief, fear, promise, feeling discovery, conclusion, doubt, question, problem, possibility su

24、ggestion, advice, proposal, request, ordereg1. I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school,would be different. 2. Ive got a feeling that one day hell be famous. 3. Police have not removed the possibility that Tom was taken by aliens.同位語從句定語從句區(qū)別： 1.被修飾詞 idea,fact,hope 名詞,代

25、詞,句子 等有內(nèi)涵的詞 2.性質(zhì) 相當(dāng)于名詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞 對抽象名詞作解釋 對先行詞修飾限制 3.引導(dǎo)詞 that不作成分, that作成分， 無意義不可省 賓語可省 可用how,whether,what 可用which The question whether we need it has not been discussed. This is a question which is hard to answer.區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句最簡單辦法區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句最簡單辦法： 被修飾詞和同位從句被修飾詞和同位從句 一個抽象，一個具體，可轉(zhuǎn)化為一個抽象，一個具體，可轉(zhuǎn)化為 主表關(guān)系主

26、表關(guān)系 被修飾詞被修飾詞= =同位語從句同位語從句 先行詞和定語從句先行詞和定語從句 被修飾與修飾關(guān)系，不能劃等號被修飾與修飾關(guān)系，不能劃等號 先行詞先行詞= =關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 The news that our team won the game is true. 同位 The news is that our team won the game. 表 The news that youve heard is true. 定 定語從句定語從句中，中，引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞when, where,when, where, whywhy， 先行詞先行詞為時間，地點，原因。為時間，地點，原因。 The rea

27、son why he did not come is quite clear。 同位語從句中同位語從句中 where, when, why, how, who, what where, when, why, how, who, what等等 一般用于一般用于“I have no idea wh-/how.”“I have no idea wh-/how.”中，中， 或或“The problem/question wh-/how”“The problem/question wh-/how”中。中。eg. eg. I have no idea where I should go. I have n

28、o idea how I can get to the station. He couldnt answer the question how he got the news. The problem why he gave up her was not answered. whywhy引導(dǎo)的若是同位語從句，先行詞就不會是reasonreason或其同義詞；若是reasonreason或其同義詞作先行詞，就一定是定語從句。疑問詞疑問詞 + ever和和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別疑問詞的區(qū)別： 疑問詞 + ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)成分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑問詞 + ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the