滴血之作：虛擬語氣精講及答案

1、始于1989 五星級名校沖刺第一品牌個(gè)性化學(xué)科優(yōu)化學(xué)案學(xué)員姓名科目英語年級教師課 題虛擬語氣的“四種形式”及“三點(diǎn)注意”教學(xué)組長簽字授課時(shí)間月 日備課時(shí)間月 日簽字確認(rèn)老師： 學(xué)生：作業(yè)布置學(xué)員課堂表現(xiàn)學(xué) 習(xí)目 標(biāo)1 正確判斷虛擬語氣。2 從句的動(dòng)詞形式運(yùn)用正確重、難、考 點(diǎn) 活學(xué)活用，正確判斷，準(zhǔn)確選擇教學(xué)過程鷹擊長空基礎(chǔ)不丟語氣有三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、。I am honest and kindly.Sit down, please.If he were a pig, I would kill him.品味：If I were a bird, I could fly in th

2、e sky.（對現(xiàn)在虛擬）If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.（對過去虛擬）If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.（對將來虛擬）虛擬語氣，用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議、假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。存在對過去，現(xiàn)在和將來三個(gè)時(shí)間段的虛擬。虛擬語氣可出現(xiàn)在單獨(dú)的一個(gè)句子和所有從句中。知識(shí)清單：一、掌握虛擬語氣的四種主要形式（1）if條件從句+主句: If you asked him, he might tell you. (狀語從句)

3、（2）wish, as if 及if only/would rather 的虛擬形式: I wish I were a bird. （賓語從句） （3）幾個(gè)常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語氣的句型: I suggest that we (should) set off at once. （名詞性從句-主語從句， 賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句） （4）It is time (that) 的虛擬形式: It is time that you got up.（定語從句）二、注意虛擬語氣的三種活用現(xiàn)象（1）含蓄條件句（2）時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜句（3）虛實(shí)錯(cuò)綜句1） if條件從句+主句 時(shí)間謂語動(dòng)詞的虛

4、擬形式If從句主句現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形過去 Had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞將來 1. 過去式 2.should+動(dòng)詞原形 3. were+ to dowould/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形注：從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是正常時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上往從前倒退一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式（be動(dòng)詞的過去式正式用法一律用were），主句動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形”。If I were rich, I would

5、 buy that car.若我有錢，我就買那輛車。 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我會(huì)接受邀請的。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式，主句用“should / would / could/might + have +過去分詞” If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. 如果我知道她的電話號碼，我就給她打電話了。 If he had been there, he would have helped you. 如果他在那兒的話

6、，他會(huì)幫助你的。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天見到了你，他就會(huì)還你的書的。表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 從句謂語動(dòng)詞除用過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）以外，還可用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”或“were to +動(dòng)詞原形”；主句用“would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形”。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 如果我出國的話，我就去美國。 If it should rain / were to rain / rai

7、ned tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 萬一明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。(事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。)混合條件句：主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間，這時(shí)主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式必須按其自己的時(shí)間來決定動(dòng)詞的形式。If she hadn't trained so hard, she wouldn't be able to run so fast.如果她以前訓(xùn)練沒有這么刻苦的話，她現(xiàn)在不可能跑那么快。（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）。 If he had died in the accident, he could

8、n't stand in front of you now.如果他在那次事故中死去，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在你面前。省略if的虛擬條件從句的用法在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件狀語從句中，如果從句含有助動(dòng)詞had, should或were時(shí)，可以省略連詞if，而將這些助動(dòng)詞置于主語前形成部分倒裝。If he were my friend, I would expect his help.= Were he my friend, I would expect his help.If it should rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.= Should it rain

9、 tomorrow, I should stay indoors.If you hadnt told me about it, I should never have known the whole thing. = Had you not told me about it, I should never have known the whole thing.練習(xí)：If I were you, I would try it again.= ，I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the

10、film. = , he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.= ,we wouldnt go out.1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have burnt D. would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had bee

11、n ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so ofte

12、n. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got6.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succ

13、eeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken8.If it _ tomorrow, they wo

14、uld not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. Being11. _ fired, your health care and other ben

15、efits will not be immediately cut off. （2006湖北卷） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be二）wish, as if/ if only/would rather（prefer） 的虛擬形式：（雷同于if條件句的虛擬） l I wish (that)I knew the answer to the question.l I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.l I wish I were

16、 a bird.l He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. l We wished he had spoken to us. l I wish it would stop raining. l I wish you would be quiet. l You wished she would arrive the next day.l He looked as if he had been ill.他看上去像是生過病。l He talked as if he had been to Paris.他談起來好像他去過巴黎。l She looks as th

17、ough she had known all the secrets.她看上去像是已經(jīng)知道了全部秘密。l He remembers everything exactly as if it had happened yesterday.l If only I could see him now.要是我現(xiàn)在能看到他該有多好啊。l If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。l If only I hadn't lost it.要是我沒弄丟它就好了。would rather/prefer后的從句要用虛擬語氣，一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)表與

18、過去事實(shí)相反，即：would rather / prefer that從句(從句用虛擬語氣) 表示愿望與現(xiàn)在或者將來事實(shí)相反從句用 過去式表示愿望與過去事實(shí)相反從句用 had done如： I would rather you went home now. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) Don't come tomorrow, I'd rather you came next week. (與將來事實(shí)相反) I'd rather you hadn't done that.(與過去事實(shí)相反)l I would rather you told me the truth now

19、.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在告訴我真相。(現(xiàn)在)l I would rather nothing had happened.我真希望啥都未曾發(fā)生。（過去）l I would rather you came tomorrow.我寧可你明天來。（未來） ：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形 I would rather stay at home today. would rather.than.中用動(dòng)詞原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today. ：“had hoped”后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到

20、而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美國去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中國。1.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A

21、. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; come4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. ha

22、d been5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have三）虛擬語氣形式： (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist; (名詞是insistence)兩個(gè)命令：order, command; (名詞是order, com

23、mand) 三個(gè)建議：suggest, propose, advise;(名詞是suggestion, proposal, advice) 四個(gè)要求：desire, demand, require, request (名詞是 desire，demand, requirement, request,)1.主語+ 上述動(dòng)詞 + 賓語從句 I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans. I suggest that we (should) set off at once.I insisted that we (

24、should) decide what to do with him.虛擬語氣形式：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形注意：1. suggest 意為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣； 如：His face suggested that he was very sad. 2. insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣； 如：The man insisted my little brother was a thief.2. It is (was) + 上述動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + 主語從句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is

25、requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.3. 上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式(主語) + be + 表語從句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. His only request is that you (should) give him more time.4. 上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式 + 同位語從句 Do you know the order that you (

26、should) keep watch?5. 虛擬語氣用在“It's形容詞 / 名詞that”這類句型中。It is (was) + important / necessary / better /best /strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + 主語從句 表示說話人“強(qiáng)烈”的感情色彩 It is best that he (should) set off at once.It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts.

27、虛擬語氣形式：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形虛擬語氣形式： (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形6. 在in case, for fear (that), lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”。 以防錯(cuò)過第一班車，我們一大早就起床了。 We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus. We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus. 1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent

28、 for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. shoul

29、d put D. be putting5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at on

30、ce. A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey四）It is（high/about）time（that）主語+過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。 It is high ti

31、me you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 1.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. go D. will go4.It is time we _ up our results.

32、A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum五）、含蓄的虛擬條件句虛擬條件不一定總是用if等引出。含有without / but for，otherwise / or等詞的句子謂語結(jié)構(gòu)等同于if主從句中主句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反would / should / could / might動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反would / should / could / mighthave done(If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. )without /but for+名詞，意為“要

33、不是.”。主句用虛擬語氣 Human beings would die without water. (Human beings would die if there were no water. )But for your mother's help we wouldn't have finished the work.要不是你媽媽幫忙，我們不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。 I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me.

34、 )要不是你的幫助，我就不會(huì)成功。連詞or否則, but但是或otherwise否則 ，要不然，lest 以免 主句用虛擬語氣。He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. Seize the chance, otherwise you would regret it. I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.1.Witho

35、ut electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be Without electricity = If there were no electricity2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have sa

36、id六）、時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜句 從句與主句或上下文所表述的時(shí)間不一致。在這種情況下，我們切不可照搬某種形式，而應(yīng)該按照句中所表述的時(shí)間關(guān)系，再選擇相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。例如：If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.1.If the flower had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV

37、 now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching七）、虛實(shí)錯(cuò)綜句 所謂“虛實(shí)錯(cuò)綜句”是指虛擬現(xiàn)象與客觀事實(shí)錯(cuò)綜交織在一起的句子。這就需要我們細(xì)心判斷哪一處是虛擬語氣，哪一處應(yīng)使用陳述語氣。1.They _ earlier, but the car wasnt ready. A. can have left B.may have left C. will have left D. might have left2. We could have walked to the station;

38、it was so near. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 八）、某些固定的詞組和句型表示“本來要做某事（暗含但是后來沒有做成的）”had planned/hoped/intended/wanted 本打算 had thought 本以為was / were supposed to have done 理應(yīng)做you were supposed to have finished the work,but i haven't seen it nowwas /

39、were to have done 本計(jì)劃做 I were to have done homework。had thought / believed， but本以為I had thought I found a man I can trust , but I was wrong.had planned / intended，but本計(jì)劃，本打算I had planned to visit my aunt ,but I forgot it.had wished / hoped，but本希望 He had wished to finish it on time, but he didn't

40、.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣的完成句子高考英語完成句子對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，特別側(cè)重于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的用法和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)用。2013年復(fù)習(xí)備考考點(diǎn)聚焦： 考點(diǎn)(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成式“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)考查的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)，記住以下最?？疾榈慕Y(jié)構(gòu)：表推測：must have done 過去一定做了某事 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. cant/couldnt have done 過去不可能做了某事 He cant have been to that town. Mr. Smi

41、th can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.may/might have done 過去可能做了某事 John may have seen the film 表虛擬：neednt have done過去本來沒有必要做而實(shí)際做了某事 I needn't have gone to the office yesterdaycould have done過去本來能夠做而實(shí)際沒有做某事 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.

42、should have done=ought to have done過去本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒有做某事 You should have done your homework before bedtimeshouldn't have done=oughtn't to have done過去本來不該做而實(shí)際做了某事 You shouldnt have loved her.考點(diǎn)(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測功能can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推測，使用時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：注意語氣。語氣較強(qiáng)用must, cannot，couldn't；語氣較弱may，might或c

43、an，could；注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑問句中常用can，could；注意時(shí)態(tài)。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時(shí)通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對過去情況的推測，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)(3)can的一些特殊搭配 .can't/can never be +too +adj/adv 再也不過分 You can never be too careful to cross the road. can't/can never be/v +adj/adv

44、+enough You can't be careful enough to cross the road.can't help/choose but do 不得不做 I cant help but wash the dishes, for my mother is ill.can't help (to) do不能幫忙做can't help doing情不自禁做 I cant help laughing for his funny action.can't/couldn't agree more 十分贊成 I couldn't agree

45、 with you more.it can't/couldn't be better 十分好，非常好might as well還是的好；不妨 Theres nothing to do, so I may might as well go to bed.可以攻玉經(jīng)典例題(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they sp

46、eak with French accents. A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Peter tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not com

47、e D. had not come(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?” “You mean to say , you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you D. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them . A. might hav

48、e died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I travelled in crowded buses, but I to see lots of    films. A. shall have to/shall be able B.

49、 shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having突飛猛進(jìn)考試連線(11). your help, I would not have succeeded.

50、 A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?” “Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didn't you help him?” “ I would have I didn't have the money.”A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week  nights.A. not watch B. must not to wa