高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法必考考點(diǎn)6動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含解析

1、2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考考點(diǎn)（6）：動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含解析李仕才【考點(diǎn)解讀】動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空考查的核心熱點(diǎn)，每年必考，一般占12道題。設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(有時(shí)是同一動(dòng)詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義的理解和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查點(diǎn)多面廣，綜合性強(qiáng)，備受命題者青睞?？键c(diǎn)一、考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析這類(lèi)試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是在結(jié)構(gòu)上都很相近的動(dòng)詞。要做好這類(lèi)試題，必須明確各個(gè)動(dòng)詞的詞義和用法，然后根據(jù)題意需要選用合適的動(dòng)詞。如：recently, these companies have _ some workers bec

2、ause of the drop in economy.a. hired b. dismissed c. refused d. employed【答案】b【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是及物動(dòng)詞，且都可以與worker構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但從題干中的the drop in economy可知，只有b項(xiàng)符合題意?？键c(diǎn)二、 考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析這類(lèi)試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)無(wú)論在意義上還是在結(jié)構(gòu)上都是很相近的動(dòng)詞。面對(duì)這類(lèi)試題，必須要從四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義差別、用法特點(diǎn)等入手才能選出符合題意的動(dòng)詞。如：when his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a t

3、ruck and badly _。a. injured b damagedc. harmed d. destroyed【答案】a考點(diǎn)三、考查動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)的固定搭配英語(yǔ)中有許多動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)有固定的搭配和習(xí)慣用法。碰到這類(lèi)試題時(shí)，解答的關(guān)鍵是弄清題意，然后根據(jù)題意選擇符合固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的動(dòng)詞。如：with modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.a. bought b. come c. thrown d. appeared【答案】b【解析】題意為“由于有現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備，近年來(lái)許多謎團(tuán)被揭開(kāi)”?！敖衣?，將曝光

4、”是come to light，故答案為b?？键c(diǎn)四、考查同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析這類(lèi)試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是由同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加不同的介詞或副詞構(gòu)成。從歷年高考試題來(lái)看，那些搭配能力強(qiáng)、語(yǔ)義豐富的常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是命題的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。解答這類(lèi)試題時(shí)，一定要在理解語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上，從語(yǔ)義邏輯、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案。如：how i wish that i could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful english when chatting on the net.a. set out b. set offc. set in d. set up【答案】a考點(diǎn)五、考查同根介詞或副

5、詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析這類(lèi)試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由不同的動(dòng)詞加相同的介詞或副詞構(gòu)成。解答這類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵首先還是弄清題意，然后選出符合題意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。如：1. when i was twenty, i had to _ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. a. drop out b. come out c. leave out d. stay out【答案】a【解析】分析題意為“在20歲時(shí)，我不得不輟學(xué)到一家服裝店工作以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人?！睆念}意可知，空缺處應(yīng)該是“輟學(xué)”之意，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)

6、中，只有a項(xiàng)的drop out有此意，故答案為a。2. take care during the holidays! drinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.a. contribute to b. relate to c. attend to d. devote to【答案】a【解析】分析題意為“節(jié)日期間要當(dāng)心!喝酒太多會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病和引起高血壓?！庇深}意可知，空缺處應(yīng)該是“導(dǎo)致”之意，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有a項(xiàng)contribute to有此意，故答案為a。考點(diǎn)六、考查不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析這類(lèi)試題的

7、四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。解答這類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題干意思，選出符合題意的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。如：the society today offers the young generation more chances to _ their talent and skills.a. give out b. take inc. show off d. carry on【答案】c【真題分析】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2018·天津卷) it took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.a. dis

8、play b. acquire c. teach d. test【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才獲得了成為一名優(yōu)秀舞蹈家所需的技能。a display顯示；b. acquire獲得；c. teach教；d. test測(cè)試。故選b。2. (2018·天津卷) at first robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.a. gave in b. dressed up c. br

9、oke in d. turned up【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了因?yàn)樗龑?duì)她的技能是如此的有把握。a. gave in屈服，讓步；b. dressed up打扮；c. broke in i闖入；打斷；d. turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及原因 as she was so confident about her skills可知最終他讓步了。故選a3. (2018·江蘇卷) developing the yangtze river economic belt

10、60;is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.a. calls for b. calls on c. calls off d. calls up【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：發(fā)展長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一項(xiàng)需要清晰的路線(xiàn)圖和時(shí)間表的系統(tǒng)工程。a. calls for需要；b. calls on號(hào)召；c. calls off取消；d. calls up使想起。故選a。4. (2018·江蘇) kid

11、s shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.a. indicate b. investigate c. imitate d. innovate【答案】c5. (2017·天津卷) mr. and mrs. brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.a. s

12、ettled down b. keep off c. get up d. cut in【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來(lái)，結(jié)婚生子。a.安頓下來(lái)；b遠(yuǎn)離；c起床；d嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選a。6. (2017·江蘇卷) a quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.a. shape b. switch c. stretch d. sharpen【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。a. shape塑造，決定的形成，影響的發(fā)

13、展；b. switch轉(zhuǎn)變，交換，調(diào)班；c. stretch拉長(zhǎng)，拉緊，伸展，伸長(zhǎng)，延伸消耗；d. sharpen提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會(huì)決定來(lái)年的發(fā)展。故選a。7. (2017·江蘇卷) working with the medical team in africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.a. held out b. brought out c. picked out d. given out【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。held out堅(jiān)持；提供機(jī)會(huì)；伸出手；b. brought out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，

14、出版；c. picked out使容易看見(jiàn)，找出精心挑選，認(rèn)出來(lái)；d. given out用完，停止運(yùn)行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊(duì)一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選b。9. (2016·江蘇卷) _ he did noteasily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.a. approachb.wrestlec.compromised.communicate【答案】c【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞approach靠近，接近；wrestl

15、e摔跤，斗爭(zhēng)，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥協(xié)，但是對(duì)于正義的事業(yè)，他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知c項(xiàng)正確。10. (2016·江蘇卷) parents should actively urge their children to _the opportunity to join sports teams.a. gain admission to b. keep track of c. take advantage of d. give rise to【答案】c二、單句填空1(2015·江蘇卷)the

16、university started some new language programs to cater _the country's silk road economic belt.【答案】for【解析】句意：為了滿(mǎn)足國(guó)家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展的要求，這所大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)了一些新的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目。cater for“滿(mǎn)足需要，迎合”。2(2015·江蘇卷)the whole team count _cristiano ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.【答案】on【解析】句意：全隊(duì)都指望克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多，他很少讓他們失望。count

17、 on“指望”。3(2015·天津卷)tom had to turn _the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.【答案】down【解析】句意：上個(gè)周末湯姆不得不拒絕宴會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)樗α恕urn down“拒絕”。4(2015·浙江卷)we tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _our emotions than for straight facts.【答案】to【解析】句

18、意：我們通常更容易記住那些對(duì)我們的感官產(chǎn)生刺激，對(duì)我們的情感有吸引力的東西，而非直截了當(dāng)?shù)氖聦?shí)。appeal to 固定短語(yǔ)“吸引”。5(2015·浙江卷)body language can give _a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【答案】away【解析】句意：肢體語(yǔ)言能泄露你的心情，因此，雙手交叉站著傳出的信號(hào)是你處于防御狀態(tài)。give away“泄露，暴露”。6(2015·湖北卷)the

19、re is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies _his ability to communicate with foreigners in english.【答案】in【解析】句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他能夠用英語(yǔ)和外國(guó)人交流。lies in固定短語(yǔ)“在于”。7(2015·陜西卷)peter will take _his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【答案】up【解析】句意：peter在這個(gè)月底將從事旅行社負(fù)責(zé)人

20、的職位。take up“拿起，開(kāi)始從事”。8. the strong wind had a bad effect on our newly planted young trees.what's more, it _ many people riding bikes on the road.【答案】affects9. i think the secret of staying young was to _ with young people.【答案】mix【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我認(rèn)為保持年輕的秘訣就是與年輕人交往。mix with sb.“與某人交往”。10. i will move

21、out next week. i'm not going to put up_ my roommate smoking any longer.【答案】with【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意： 我下周就會(huì)搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸煙了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。三、單句改錯(cuò)1. he lied down by the side of the path to rest.【答案】lied lay，【解析】句意：他在小路邊躺下休息。lie 表示“躺”時(shí)，其過(guò)去時(shí)是 lay2. charles and linda were seeing near the top of the b

22、uilding. 【答案】seeing seen【解析】句意：有人在房頂附近看到charles and linda。因?yàn)閺暮x上看，此處謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3. books may be keep for four weeks. 【答案】keep kept【解析】句意：書(shū)可以借（被保留）四周。此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4. and let you know when the book you want has returned.【答案】returned 之前加 been【解析】句意：讓你知道你要的書(shū)什么時(shí)候歸還了。從句意上看，此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5. they eager to know everythi

23、ng about china and asked me lots of questions. 【答案】eager 前加were 【解析】句意：他們急于想知道關(guān)于中國(guó)的一切，問(wèn)了我很多問(wèn)題。此處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞6. id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. 【答案】to 后加 be / become7. i use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now i am interested in football. 【答案】use to used to

24、【解析】句意：我過(guò)去在業(yè)余時(shí)間常打乒乓球，現(xiàn)在喜歡足球了。此為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)?！?。8. because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. 【答案】去掉 be【解析】句意：因?yàn)榭吹锰?，孩子們可能不?huì)養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣和賞識(shí)自己的能力。去掉 be，因它與其后的動(dòng)詞 develop 相沖突）9. i followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each da

25、y. 【答案】去掉 should【解析】句意：我聽(tīng)從她的建議，每天抄寫(xiě)大約100個(gè)單詞。去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，作并列謂語(yǔ)）10. you have to learn in order to teach. without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.【答案】learnteach【解析】句意：因上句講“為了教好，教師不得不學(xué)”，此句便是“沒(méi)有學(xué)問(wèn)，就決不會(huì)教好”?！緦?duì)點(diǎn)測(cè)試】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2018·濱海7校聯(lián)考) we arranged to meet at the cinema

26、 at 7:30, but jack failed to _.a. break up b. set up c. turn up d. give up【答案】c2. (2018·濱海7校聯(lián)考) the guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they _ difficulties.a. arose b. encountered c. emerged d. evaluated【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。a. arose出現(xiàn)； b. encountered 遇到；c.

27、emerged浮現(xiàn)，暴露； d. evaluated評(píng)估。指導(dǎo)老師是他們的導(dǎo)師，當(dāng)他們遇到困難時(shí)，給他們提供建議和解決方案?？芍鸢笧閎。3. (2018·江蘇97校聯(lián)考) evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.a. accumulate b. accelerate c. accompany d. approve【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。a. accumulate累積；b. accelerate加速；c. accompany陪伴；d.

28、 approve批準(zhǔn)。句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分實(shí)際上在隨著時(shí)間而改變的證據(jù)開(kāi)始累積。指證據(jù)積累，故選a。4. (2018·江蘇97校聯(lián)考) the police have anyone with information to come forward and ta lk to them.a. appealed to b. attended to c. responded to d. attached to【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。a. appealed to呼吁；b. attended to出席，參加；c. responded to做出反應(yīng)；d. attached to附屬于

29、。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來(lái)與他們交談。表示呼吁，故選a。5. (2018·天津市部分區(qū)) i could not _my tears when i saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.a. bring in b. turn up c. take off d. hold back【答案】d6. (2018·天津市七所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)) the guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions whe

30、n they _ difficulties.a. arose b. encountered c. emerged d. evaluated【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。a. arose出現(xiàn)； b. encountered 遇到；c. emerged浮現(xiàn)，暴露； d. evaluated評(píng)估。指導(dǎo)老師是他們的導(dǎo)師，當(dāng)他們遇到困難時(shí)，給他們提供建議和解決方案?？芍鸢笧閎。7. (2018·天津市十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué))peter has spent too much time on novels recently.that may _ his poor grade in the exam.a.

31、account for b. answer forc. apply for d. stand for【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。a. account for說(shuō)明，導(dǎo)致；b. answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)；c. apply for運(yùn)用；d. stand for代表。句意：彼得最近花了太多時(shí)間看小說(shuō)。這也許是他考試成績(jī)不好的原因。故選a。8. (2018·江蘇丹陽(yáng)中學(xué)等) running a business, no matter where it is started, _ plentiful market research, consistent integrity and a

32、 great deal of discipline.a. clarifies b. involves c. undertakes d. digests【答案】b【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。a. clarifies澄清；b. involves牽涉；c. undertakes 承擔(dān)，保證；d. digests消化。句意：無(wú)論在哪里起家，經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)公司涉及到豐富的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、一貫的誠(chéng)信和大量的紀(jì)律。句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，故答案為b。9. (2018·南京高淳區(qū)聯(lián)考) the police have anyone with information to come forward and tal

33、k to them.a. appealed to b. attended toc. responded to d. attached to【答案】a【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。a. appealed to呼吁；b. attended to出席，參加；c. responded to做出反應(yīng)；d. attached to附屬于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來(lái)與他們交談。表示呼吁，故選a.10. (2018·江蘇漣水中學(xué)) the team are working hard to_ the problem so that they can find the best solution.a.

34、 face b. prevent c. raise d. analyse【答案】d二、單句填空1. do you have enough to _ all your daily expenses?oh yes, enough and to spare.【答案】cover【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你有足夠用以支付日常開(kāi)支的錢(qián)嗎？”“有，足夠并且還有結(jié)余?！眂over在此意為“(錢(qián))夠(某事物之)用”。2. what are you doing out of bed, tom? you're _ (suppose) to be asleep.【答案】supposed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞

35、短語(yǔ)。句意：湯姆，你不在床上，在干什么？你應(yīng)該正在睡覺(jué)。be supposed to do sth.表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于should do sth.，含有“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)做”之意，符合題意。3. i will move out next week. i'm not going to put up_ my roommate smoking any longer.【答案】with【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意： 我下周就會(huì)搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸煙了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。4. there is no evidence to show that he

36、is _(connect) with the murder.【答案】connected【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明他和這起謀殺案有關(guān)。connect.with.“把與聯(lián)系”。5. two young men _(connect) the robbery have been questioned by the local police about the details of the case.【答案】connected with【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：兩個(gè)與這起搶劫案有關(guān)的年輕人已經(jīng)就案子的細(xì)節(jié)被當(dāng)?shù)鼐竭M(jìn)行了審問(wèn)。be connected with“與有關(guān)的”，符合句意。

37、6. as neither of us would give_， the bargain came to nothing.【答案】in7our teacher stressed again that we should not leave_ any important details while retelling the story.【答案】out【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：老師再次強(qiáng)調(diào)我們?cè)趶?fù)述故事時(shí)不應(yīng)遺漏任何重要的細(xì)節(jié)。leave out“遺漏”，符合句意。8. the enemies also burned their farms and blew_ their dams and p

38、ower plants.【答案】up【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：敵人也燒毀了他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，炸毀了他們的大壩和電廠(chǎng)。blow up“爆炸，炸毀”，符合句意。9. the police suspected him of carrying drugs so they went_ his bag, but found nothing.【答案】through【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：警察懷疑他攜帶毒品，因此詳細(xì)檢查了他的包，但什么也沒(méi)找到。go through“詳細(xì)檢查”，符合句意。10. why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?news about

39、the tsunami striking her country set_ an attack of homesickness.【答案】off【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：“為什么我們的外教昨天不高興？”“海嘯襲擊她的國(guó)家的消息引發(fā)了她的思鄉(xiāng)病。”set off“引起，激起”，符合句意。三、單句改錯(cuò)1. the number of people who learns english as a foreign language is more than 750 million.【答案】learns learn【解析】動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為people，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以who也是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用

40、復(fù)數(shù)。2. the novel is really a hit. how many pages have you read?【答案】read covered【解析】動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：此句的意思是，“看完了多少頁(yè)書(shū),” read 無(wú)此意；而cover有“看完了多少頁(yè)書(shū)”之意。3. the guide told us not to go to the lake which is not fit for us to swim.【答案】.to swimto swim in【解析】動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：不及物動(dòng)詞后要跟賓語(yǔ)，須在不及物動(dòng)詞后加相應(yīng)的介詞。4. it is said that the weather will last hot for another three or four days.【答案】last stay5. his father agreed him to drive his car when he was only 16.【答案】agreed allowed【解析】動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：“同意某人做某事”用句型 allow sb.to do sth. agree不能用于 agree sb.