高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義非謂語動(dòng)詞Word版

1、高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)典講義過去分詞歸納I形式和性質(zhì)：1過去分詞只有一種形式，即V-ed。沒有所謂的“一般體”“進(jìn)行體”與“完成體”之分。過去分詞也沒有“主動(dòng)式”與“被動(dòng)式”之稱謂。2過去分詞一般有以下特征：21 被動(dòng)性：過去分詞的邏輯主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是發(fā)出者（doer）。22 完成性： 與句中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作、另一個(gè)時(shí)間或句子產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間相比，分詞的動(dòng)作往往先已發(fā)生。分析1. The injured man （=The man who had been injured）was sent to hospital without delay. 2. This is th

2、e book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week. 3. Done in a hurry(Because it had been done in a hurry), Tom's homework was full of mistakes and errors.例外1. 在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞和帶有將來時(shí)間狀語的分詞不具完成 性。如： I'll have my house enlarged. The car repaired this afternoon belongs to o

3、ne of my friends. 2. 一些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，不具被動(dòng)性。 An old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard. The police were searching for the escaped man.II. 句法功能1. 主語 過去分詞前加上定冠詞可用作主語，表示一個(gè)類別的人（事物）。如： The accused have been acquitted. The wounded were left hidden in that village . 這種用法時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，但在上下文明確時(shí)也可

4、能用于指一類中的個(gè)別，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如： The deceased is his father. The wounded is a policeman.2. 賓語 過去分詞前加上定冠詞可用作賓語，也表示一個(gè)類別的人（事物）。如： Everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled. Listen to the voice of the oppressed . 3表語 The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. He is we

5、ll known to us all.4定語 4.1 前置定語由單個(gè)分詞充當(dāng) The broken glass is still lying on the table.1 / 7 The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. This sort of people seems not to be able to live in the changed world. He only collects used stamps. This phrase is often used in spoken English. A gro

6、wn boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. The risen sun is the sun that has risen high. That was a man-made satellite. He sent they his newly-invented devices.4.2 后置定語由分詞短語充當(dāng) She was reading a novel written by Dickens. He works and lives in a school surrounded by green trees. The peo

7、ple trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. The Braille is a language used for the blind. 偶爾也有單個(gè)分詞作后置定語的情況。如： Things seen are mightier than things heard. 有時(shí)單個(gè)分詞作前置定語與作后置定語的意義不同。如： The car used was a stolen one.

8、(The car which was used at the time) The used car was still in the garage.( The old car which didn't work well )5賓補(bǔ)5.1 在感覺 / 知?jiǎng)釉~后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. Everyone thought the battle lost except the general. He felt

9、 himself carried onto a carriage . I have never heard a single French word spoken before. The worst part was watching her wheeled away to an operating theatre while we waited and stared at the walls. (Collins GP1:Verbs, P.308)5.2 在使役動(dòng)詞后： make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He tried to make yourself under

10、stood in his broken English. I had my bad tooth pulled out yesterday. Last month the family got a new house built. It's very important for you to keep your parents informed of your situation. He left the food untouched and went out.5.3在意愿動(dòng)詞后： like, need, want, order, wish等。 He won't like the

11、 problem discussed at the meeting. They were arrested by immigration officials on Monday just hours after a High Court judge had ordered them freed from detention. (Collins GP1:Verbs, P.306) She came into the shop with a package saying: "I don't need it changed, only re-wrapped." The k

12、ing ordered the magic cloth woven at once. I want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.6狀語6.1 方式和伴隨情況 ( of manner or accompaniment ) He walked around outside, disturbed by the news. The teacher went out, followed by some pupils. The old man sat on the chair, lost in thought. Thre

13、e large men rushed out of the house, armed with guns and knives. Supported by a girl, the old lady got off the bus. 表示方式的as if 和as though 可與過去分詞連用。如： He walked back as if hurt in the leg.6.2 條件 (of condition) Heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor. Given more time, we could do it bet

14、ter. Criticized by someone else, she could not have got so angry. Painted white, the house will appear nicer. 表示條件的過去分詞可與連詞if 和unless 連用。 I will not go to Tom's party unless invited. I'll tell everything to the police if questioned about that.6.3原因和理由 (of reason or cause) Done in a hurry, To

15、m's exercise was full of mistakes. Made of glass, the test tubes are easy to break. Wounded badly, he was sent to hospital. Tired with the trip, they went to bed early. Shocked by the sudden attack of the German army, the Poland Government was at a loss what to do. 表示原因的分詞沒有相應(yīng)的連詞可用。但有人認(rèn)為since 有時(shí)

16、可以接V-ed分詞。6.4 時(shí)間 (of time) Dismissed by the boss of the hotel, John never got a job. Questioned by the police, the man was very much afraid. Carried towards the hospital the victim died from bleeding too much. 表示時(shí)間的分詞可以與when, while, once, whenever，until 等連詞連用，以使意義更為明確。 When asked by the teacher, he

17、stood up and made no answer. I'll never speak to Jack until spoken to first. Once recognized, we can not avoid being caught. Whenever needed, I will come to your help. The necklace must be returned to you whenever found.6.5 讓步（of concession） Badly wounded in the leg, the soldier refused to withd

18、raw. Protected by 3 fences, Robinson Crusoe still felt unsafe. 表示讓步的分詞可與though, although 和even if / though 連用。如： Though surrounded for 5 days, our soldiers were not discouraged. Even if not invited, he went along to the evening party.6.6 地點(diǎn) （of place） 過去分詞只有與where或wherever連用，才可以表示地點(diǎn)。 Rats should be

19、killed wherever found. Young students should go and work where needed.III. 過去分詞在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用 Our house painted white, we like it better. All things considered, they set to work. The key to the house left in the office, he had to fetch it. The conference finished, Mr. Brown hurried home directly2012屆高考英語

20、語法專題復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式的用法基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)匯總：1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中可以做主語、表語、定語、賓語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)。具體用法參看課本P108.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中除了不能做謂語外，可以充當(dāng)任何成分。具體用法參看課本P108.根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。1. What do you think made Mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle(lose)2. _ new words is very useful to me. 學(xué)習(xí)生詞對(duì)我很有用。3. Would you mind _? 打開窗戶好嗎？4. _the good news, he jumped wit

21、h joy. 聽到這個(gè)好消息，他高興得跳了起來。5. _this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction. 聽到這一點(diǎn)，那位女科學(xué)家表示滿意。6. It is no use _(讓他來幫忙). (ask)7. Have you _(讀完了) the book? (finish)8. My doctor advised _(多鍛煉). （take） 9. This problem _(需要思考)carefully. (need)10. _(乘火車來北京) takes about 3 hours. (come)11. Would you _(

22、介意我打開) the window? (mind)12. I apologize for _(沒有遵守) my promise. (keep)13. Ann has been _(期望來到) China for a long time. (look) 14. The bus stopped _ passengers 車停下來以便接乘客。15. I have nothing _ on this question. 對(duì)這個(gè)問題我無可奉告。鞏固強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate _ now and t

23、hen telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing     B. to hear     C. to be hearing        D. having heard2. The teacher didnt feel like _ them on the spot.A. correct      B. correcting &

24、#160;     C. to correct         D. corrected3. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave. A. leads, find     B. leading, finding    C. led, to find     D. was le

25、ading, found4. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay     B. paying       C. to have paid         D. being paid5. He was seen _ out. A. go     

26、0;  B. to go         C. went          D. goes6. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside. A. live       B. to live          C. to li

27、ving           D. living7. We dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke       B. smoke          C. smoking       D. to smoking8. Im look

28、ing forward to _ from you soon. A. hear         B. heard        C. hearing         D. being heard9. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave &

29、#160;    B. being left        C. leaving         D. to be left10. People from all the corners came to the city, _ it very crowded. A. to make      B. and making   &#

30、160;   C. made        D. making11. _ all the time is the key to _ progress in English. A. Practise, making          B. To practise, making    C. Practise, make     &

31、#160;     D. To practise, make12. Only one of these books is _. A. worth to read    B. worth being read   C. worth of reading D. worth reading13. _is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk     &#

32、160;     B. Walking             C. To walk            D. Walk   14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.

33、60;A. to have rested       B. resting     C. to rest        D. rest15._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving            B. Receiving not

34、60;  C. Not having received       D. Having not received16. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the popular sport in the world. A. making       B. makes        C. made  &#

35、160;    D. to make17. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct         B. correcting        C. corrects        D. to correct18. _ at the door befor

36、e entering please. A. Knocked         B. To knock          C. Knocking       D. Knock19. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Havin

37、g suffered          B. Suffering      C. To suffer       D. Suffered20. He sent me an-email, _ to get further information. A. hoped      B. hoping    

38、   C. to hope     D. hope21. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited           B. not having invited C. having not invited          

39、;     D. not having been invited22. Though _money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked                  B. lacking of          

40、60;  C. lacking             D. lacked in                23. How about the two of us _a walk down the garden?A. to take              B. take             C. taki