社會科學中進化思想的精華－一個資料目錄

1、|  網(wǎng)友文集  |   |  學人文集  |   |  學術心路  |   |  評論與筆記  |   |  綜述與前沿  |   |  輕松經(jīng)濟學  |   |  綜述與前沿>>文獻綜述>>社

2、會科學中進化思想的精華一個資料目錄社會科學中進化思想的精華一個資料目錄 2003-5-2  北望經(jīng)濟學園 /modelski/biblio.html essentials of evolutionary thought in the social sciencesan annotated bibliographysecond editioncontents:introduction bibliography i. darwinism and neo-darwinism ii. evolutionism iii

3、. evolutionary theory iv. evolutionary epistemology v. evolutionary social science and learning vi. cultural evolution vii. evolutionary economics viii. evolutionary world politics ix. simulation x. sciences of complexity bibliographical aids glossary of terms introductionthis is the second, revised

4、 and expanded edition of an annotated bibliography on evolutionary thought in the social sciences. it builds upon the material that appeared in the report on the 1994 workshop evolutionary paradigms in the social sciences and now features a new thematic arrangement, and a basically chronological ord

5、er for entries under each main theme. an effort is also made to keep the list up-to-date.the chief purpose in compiling this bibliography is to present, within the limit of about 100 entries, the major works and the significant advances in this large and somewhat inchoate field. the aim is to provid

6、e an introduction to those first entering the field, such as graduate students and others new to it, so that they might orient themselves to the major divisions of that field. attention is directed to the classics, and to more recent contributions, with preference given to book-length and expository

7、 treatments. it is not intended to be an exhaustive bibliography of the several subfields but it does aim at touching on the most important themes. no effort is made to cover developments in evolutionary biology or evolutionary cosmology.the major portion of the annotations are being carried over fr

8、om the first edition, and most have been contributed by corina herron linden. most of the additional entries are by david wallerstein.july 1995i. darwinism and neo-darwinismdarwin, charles (1859) the origin of the species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favored races in the stru

9、ggle for life london: murray this classic work argues the common descent of all life on earth and the generation of new species through the process of natural selection. abundant reproduction and genetic variation characterize each generation. individuals wit h the best-adapted combination of inheri

10、table characteristics survive and provide the basis for the next generation. multiplication of species is the result of the splintering into daughter species or the establishment of geographically isolated founder populations that evolve into new species. hofstadter, richard (1944, revised edition:

11、1955) social darwinism in american thought philadelphia: university of pennsylvania pressthe standard critique of social darwinism in american thought until the 1890s. discusses the works of spencer, william graham sumner and lester ward and the "easy to exaggerate" use of natural selectio

12、n as vindication of militarism or imperialism.huxley, julian s., ed. (1963) evolution: the modern synthesis, new york: hafner pressgives an in-depth account of the concepts of natural selection and evolutionary progress and their relationship to each other. relates the evolutionary trends and proces

13、ses observed in nature to the theoretical findings of genetics and systematics.parsons, talcott (1966) societies: evolutionary and comparative perspectives, englewood cliffs, n.j.: prentice-hall, inc. presents theory of social evolution, characterized by stages (primitive, intermediate and modern),

14、wherein the more advanced societies display greater generalized adaptive capacity. argues that there was not one single origin of al l intermediate societies, but multiple origins: patterns can be diffused (adopted) from society to society. two types of societies exist which are not characterized by

15、 evolutionary advancement: those which are selected against (and thereby eliminated) an d those which find 'niches' which permit them to endure in their primitive state. specifically examines primitive through intermediate societies and intermediate empires.waddington, c. h. (1975) the evolu

16、tion of an evolutionist, ithica, new york: cornell university pressadds to general philosophy of evolution an emphasis on the importance of learning, adaptation and a clearer distinction between genotypes and phenotypes, and the relationship between them. addresses specifically the importance and ex

17、istence of 'genetic assimilation', or the conversion of an 'acquired character' into one not dependent for its appearance on any particular environmental stimulus.stanley, steven m (1981) the new evolutionary timetable: fossils, genes and the origin of the species, new york: basic bo

18、okspresents arguments in support of a punctuational rather than gradualist view of evolution: species survive for hundreds of thousands of generations without evolving much. most evolution, when it takes place, does so rapidly. extensive discussion of fossil record, darwinian/gradualist theories of

19、evolution, and the directionality of evolution.ruse, michael (1982) darwinism defended: a guide to the evolution controversies, london: addison-wesley publishing companyoutlines the life of darwin and his theories of evolution, that all flora and fauna of the earth are the "end result of a slow

20、, natural process" driven by natural selection. rebuts criticisms of darwinian theory as defined above, and criticizes non-darwinian evolutionary approaches as well as "scientific creationism".dobzhansky, theodosius (1983) human culture: a moment in evolution, new york: columbia unive

21、rsity pressdiscusses unique position of human development in darwinian scheme of evolution. cultural evolution permits, and forces, mankind to interfere in human biological evolution: mankind is capable of its own destruction, as well as of consciously guiding its own evolution. advocates creation o

22、f humanistic ethic, ecological responsibility and establishment of equality of opportunity as desirable steps in this conscious evolution. includes critique of non-darwinian theories, discriminatory theories which use social darwinism as their justification.also see dobzhansky, ed. (1977) evolution

23、, (1956) the biological basis of human freedom, (1955) evolution, genetics and man, and with boesinger, human culture (1983).eldredge, niles (1985) time frames: the rethinking of darwinian evolution and the theory of punctuated equilibria, new york: simon and schusteroutlines the history and implica

24、tions of the theory of punctuated equilibria, which states that, once a species evolves, it will usually not undergo significant change as it continues its existence. cites evidence of the fossil record in support of such "species stability". argues that most anatomical change in evolution

25、 is accompanied by the origination of a new species. examines questions of speciation, adaptation and macroevolution.chaisson, eric (1987) the life era: cosmic selection and conscious evolution, new york: the atlantic monthly pressplaces biological evolution within the greater context of cosmic evol

26、ution. discusses the scenario of cosmic evolution, the history of the idea of evolutionary change, and the "two preeminent changes of all time": the emergence of matter from energy, and of life from matter. argues that ethical evolution, or the adoption of a global ethics and integrated wo

27、rldly culture, is the next major challenge. failure to successfully adapt to this challenge may result in the negative selection of mankind. successful adaptation will lead to the realization of the life era.mayr, ernst (1991) one long argument: charles darwin and the genesis of modern evolutionary

28、thought, cambridge, ma: harvard university pressexplores the development of darwins theories and the context within which they originated. concentrates on the mechanisms of evolution (as opposed to phylogeny) and the historical development of the major concepts and theories of evolutionary biology.d

29、ennett, daniel c. (1995) darwin's dangerous idea: evolution and the meanings of life, new york: simon and shustera philosopher's exploration of darwin's theory of natural selection, and of the controversies that have surrounded it. intended to inspire students in other disciplines to tak

30、e evolutionary theory seriously. "the idea that all of the fruits of evolution can be explained as an algorithmic process is darwin's dangerous idea." doubts the possibility of a science of memetics but thinks that our selfish genes may be transcended by (dawkins') memes.ii. evolut

31、ionismcomte, auguste (1846-54, 1973) system of positive polity, or treatise on sociology, new york: burt franklinadvances a typology of three stages of social development, culminating in the peaceful industrial society. emphasis on intellectual evolution as the force behind social evolution, the nec

32、essity of studying intellectual history in evaluating human evolution. the three stages of human development are: primitive theological, transient metaphysical, and final positive. the corresponding societal stages are military, intermediate and industrial.also see comte (1891) subjective synthesis;

33、 or, universal system of the conceptions adapted to the normal state of humanity, and thompson, kenneth (1975) auguste comte: the foundation of sociology, new york: john wiley and sonsspencer, herbert (1884-97, 1975) principles of sociology, new york: d. appleton and co, greenwood publishing grouptr

34、aces the evolution of society from militant to industrial, and posits "survival of the fittest" (chiefly through warfare) as the mechanism of this evolution. evolution is defined as "a change from a state of relatively indefinite, incoherent homogeneity to a state of relatively defini

35、te, coherent heterogeneity." proposes classification of societies into simple, compound, doubly-compound and trebly-compound as defined by the number of levels of political integration, but emphasizes the process rather than the stages of evolution.also see spencer (1873) the study of sociology

36、 and robert carneiro, ed. (1974) the evolution of society: selections from herbert spencers principles of sociology, chicago: university of chicago presskropotkin, peter (1914, 1972) mutual aid, new york: new york university pressproposes that "mutual aid," the instinct animals have to ass

37、ist one another, has played a critical part in the evolution of the animal world and human societies. relying on darwin, challenges evolutionary theorists who claim that evolution is primarily based on competition or the belligerent use of force. cooperation rather than conflict lies at the root of

38、evolution. animals that acquire habits of mutual aid are the fittest. animal behavior and human social history are analyzed with respect to mutual aid. the rise of the modern state, which stresses individualism, has posed a challenge to mutual aid institutions. sanderson, steven k. (1990) social evo

39、lutionism: a critical history, cambridge: blackwelltraces the intellectual history of social evolutionary thought over the last century and a half to it origins. makes the distinction between 'evolutionist' theories - those which account for long-term social change in a mysterious manner and

40、 'evolutionary' theories, which explain changes as responses to the requirements of specific historical situations. also see sanderson (1991) "the evolution of societies and world-systems" in chase-dunn and hall, eds., core/periphery relations in precapitalist worldsiii. evolutiona

41、ry theoryroe, anne and gaylord simpson, eds. (1958) behavior and evolution, new haven: yale university pressa collection of essays which focuses on the integration of comparative psychology into modern evolutionary theory. attempts to show that such a synthesis is desirable and eventually possible.

42、expounds elements in each discipline that may be applicable in other fields and reviews the present status in such a way as to provide a basis and stimulus for future construction.wilson, edward o. (1975) sociobiology: the new synthesis, cambridge, ma: belknap pressdetailed explanation of the concep

43、ts and theories of social evolution, social mechanism and the study of social species. empirical analysis includes studies of animal populations as well as of human social organization and social evolution.mayr, ernst (1976) evolution and the diversity of life, cambridge, ma: belknap pressprovides a

44、n introduction to and in-depth analysis of evolution, speciation, the history and philosophy of biological evolution, systematic theory, biogeography, and behavior. special attention is given to definition of the fundamental terms and concepts of the literature, as well as to exploring the theoretic

45、al insights and challenges of evolutionary philosophy.gould, steven jay (1977) ever since darwin: reflections in natural history, new york: w. w. norton and companyargues that darwins theories and "view of life" are consistent with materialist thought, and that they specifically reject not

46、ions of purpose or inevitable directionality in evolution. criticizes the projection of these qualities onto evolutionary theory as self-serving, or the product of "western arrogance". applies this interpretation of darwin to questions of geology, human evolution, society and politics.boul

47、ding, kenneth e. (1978) ecodynamics: a new theory of societal evolution, beverley hills: sage publications, inc.advances theory of evolution as process of change in genetic structure, or 'know-how', which shares similarities at the chemical, biological and social levels. human development, b

48、oth sociological and technological, is an extension and acceleration of biological development and is nested within the context of development of the universe. all of these levels are subject to the processes of mutation, selection and niche creation/destruction. discussion of evolution at ecologica

49、l, biological and historical levels.boorman, scott a. and paul r. levitt (1980) the genetics of altruism, new york: academic pressapplies mathematical population genetics to questions of the comparative evolutionary biology of social behavior. discusses the development of sociality and altruism thro

50、ugh three varieties of selection: group, kin and reciprocity. also treats characteristics of social behavior as an object of selection.barash, david p. (1982) sociobiology and behavior, 2nd ed., new york: elevieran introductory text to the field of contemporary sociobiology, or the "evolutionar

51、y study of behavior". includes analysis of altruism, evolutionary game theory, the functional emergence of society, optimality, and the sociobiology of politics. incorporates empirical studies of both the animal and human worlds.corning, peter (1983) the synergism hypothesis: a theory of progre

52、ssive evolution, new york: mcgraw hilladvances a theory of the emergence of biological, and of social, systems with especial reference to politics. key concept is that of functional synergism: combinatorial or cooperative effects with positive consequences for survival and reproduction; synergism ex

53、plains the progressive direction of evolution. extensive commentary on the classics, and on contemporary writing in evolutionary theory. numerous references.morris, richard (1983) evolution and human nature, new york: seaview/putnamexamines the biological and inherited aspects of human nature throug

54、h analysis of the past failures of the scientific exploration of the topic. addresses the influence of prejudice, predilections and political motivations on these theories of human behavior. nitecki, matthew h., ed. (1983) coevolution, chicago: university of chicago presscollection of essays on coev

55、olutionary theory, or the theory of direct or indirect interaction of two or more evolving units that produces an evolutionary response in each, at the level of whole communities, small groups, and of two interacting species. addresses coevolutionary theory to plant-animal mutualisms, host-parasite

56、relations, and coadaptation.pollard, jeffrey w., ed. (1984) evolutionary theory: paths into the future, chichester: john wiley and sonsargues 'synthetic theory' (the accumulation of micromutations) is insufficient to explain the observable hierarchy and variety of organisms. introduces alter

57、native to this orthodox, neo-darwinian mechanism of evolution. discusses 'macroevolution', or rapid change as the main source of evolution, and the secondary role of natural selection in eliminating forms which do not correspond to a given environment. examines advances in our understanding

58、of genome evolution and the increasing complexity which accompanies evolution.gould, steven jay (1987) times arrow, times cycle: myth and metaphor in the discovery of geological time, cambridge, ma: harvard university pressexplicates conceptions of time as (i.) linear, an irreversible sequence of un

59、repeated events and (ii.) cyclical, having no meaning as distinct episodes with causal impact upon a contingent history, a series of repeating cycles with no directionality. uses this dichotomy to discuss and evaluate the works of thomas burnet, james hutton and charles lyell. laszlo, ervin, ed. (19

60、91) the new evolutionary paradigm, new york: gordon and breach science publishersseeks to refine a general theory of evolution which is interdisciplinary in nature and universal in scope. evolution is defined as the study of progressive, ongoing change leading irreversibly through multiple hierarchical levels from the origins of the cosmos to its present state, and to future states. includes essays on social and economic evolution in light o