定語從句的連接詞

1、v1.0可編輯可修改定語從句的連接詞不可以用 what.一.定語從句及相關術語1 .定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2 .關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞成為關系詞關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom,whose, as等；關系副詞有 where, when, why 等。關系詞常有3個作用：1,引導定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔 當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句指人，在從句中做主語(1) the boys who are playing football are from class

2、 one.(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.注意：關系代詞whom口語和非正式語體中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，

3、做賓語時可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于 who或者whom指物時，相當于 which。在賓語從句中 做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this mo

4、rning5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the boo

5、k whose cover is yellow(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞 +關系代詞引導(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you a

6、sked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) we " ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) we " ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, takecare of 等(1)

7、 this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2 .若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用 whom不可用who或者that ;指 物時用which,不能用that ;關系代詞是所有格時用 whose(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)(2) the man with who/that you talked is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in wh

8、ich we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)3 . “介詞 + 關系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many app

9、les, some of which have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四.關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語(1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school.(2) the time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語(1) shanghai is th

10、e city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i don ” t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invi

11、tation is not clear,(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was born.五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：(1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on.

12、(2) china is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1) his brother whois nowa doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。(

13、他還有其他的哥哥)(2) his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他只有一個哥哥)難點分析(一)限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1. 當先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外),few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(1) have you taken

14、down everything that mr. li has said(2) there seems to be nothing that seemsimpossible for him in the world.(3) all that can be done has been done.(4) there is little that i can do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who(5) any man that/.who has a sense of duty won " t do such a thing.2 .當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) the

15、 first place that they visited in london was the big ben.3 .當先行詞被形容詞最高級或比較級修飾時(1) this is the best film that i have seen.4 .當先行詞被the very, the only 修飾時(1) this is the very dictionary that i want to buy,(2) after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that heowned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用 who(3)

16、wanghuais the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5 .當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(1) who is the man that is standing there(2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most6 .當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(1) can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned只用 which, whom1.1. 先行詞有限定性修飾詞時wha

17、t was the name of the war in the usa which lasted 5 years2 . 當先行詞是 one, ones, anyone,等時用 who; those 做先行詞時， 指人用 who, 指物用whichthose who want to go to the great wall sign up here.he who has never been to the great wall is not a true man.3 .介詞 +which, whom(二)關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有

18、不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) he married her, as/which was natural(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割 一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) as is known to all, china is a developing country.(2) he is from the south, as we can

19、 see from his accent.(3) john, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) he has been to paris more than several times, which i don" t believe.注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用 which(5) tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as(1) i have never heard such a story

20、as he tells.(2) he is not such a fool as he looks.(3) this is the same book as i lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同(4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary " s wedding.她穿著她在mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一

21、樣的裙子。(三)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that 引導，而且通?？梢允÷?。(1) the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句but可被看作關系代詞，引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，意義上相當于who not 或that not ,即用在否定詞或具有否定意義的詞后，構(gòu)成雙重否定。如：1) there is no mother but loves her children . 沒有不愛自己孩子的母親。2) there was no one present but knew the story already . 在場的人者b知道 這個故事。3) ) there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don" t )(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1.定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補充說明的關系(1) the plan