定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解

1、精品資料歡迎下載定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解，希望能夠幫助考生備考英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試，贏得高分。一、定語(yǔ)句子中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，動(dòng)名詞或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。eg: She is a beautiful girl. (形容詞 )I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. (形容詞 )( 修飾不定代詞的定語(yǔ)后置)He is an English teacher. (名詞 )( 名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，例外的有sports,如 a sports star)I have a lot of work to do. (不定式 )The boo

2、k written by a schoolboy is very popular now. (過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) )We can see the rising sun. (現(xiàn)在分詞 ) = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. (動(dòng)名詞 ) = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Toms brother. (從句 )注意：1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞前面; 但當(dāng)形容詞修飾的是 something,anything,everything, nothing, someone,

3、 everyone, everybody, somewhere等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。present ( 在場(chǎng)的 ), absent (缺席的 ) 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需要后置。students present / absent2. 不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。3 分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，即可放在所修飾詞前，也可放在所修飾詞后1) 分詞前置：?jiǎn)为?dú)的一個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾詞前。He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人2) 分詞后置分詞在以下情況，放在所修飾詞的后面i.分詞詞組 ; There was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里精品資料歡迎

4、下載ii. 個(gè)別分詞如 given, left;This is the question given.這是所給的問(wèn)題iii. 修飾不定代詞 something 等There is nothing interesting.沒(méi)有有趣的東西過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa二、定語(yǔ)從句 (Attri

5、butive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞 , 詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞 ( 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 ) 引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.先行詞關(guān)系詞A. 關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。精品資料歡迎下載Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punis

6、hed.1. 先行詞指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：(1) 指人時(shí)， who 和 that 都可以使用 .(2)who 和 whom都可以作定語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)，但從句中的介詞提前時(shí)，不能用 He is the man who / whom I talked to you about. = He is the man about whom I talked to you.who.(3) 先行詞是人時(shí)，只用who,不用或少用that的情況：a.當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, anyone時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞一般只用果先行詞是someone, 也可用 thatHe is not one who is eas

7、ily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.who,不用that如The ones who tell lies wont gain others trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.精品資料歡迎下載Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b.先行詞是those 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who 不用 thatThose who dont wish to go need no

8、t go.c. There be句型中，修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞一般只用who 來(lái)引導(dǎo)There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d.若一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)已經(jīng)用that,則第二個(gè)一般用whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞一般只用whoI came across my first teacher in

9、the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只用who來(lái)引導(dǎo) ,不用 thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.(4) 當(dāng)先行詞是人，只用 that 不用 who的情況：a.以 who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞如果是人，關(guān)系代詞只用that不用 whoWho is the girl that said hello to you just now?b.當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)They ofter talk about the person and things that th

10、ey remember.c.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)Hes changed. He is not the man that he was.d.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e.當(dāng)先行詞是other時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只用that引導(dǎo)。精品資料歡迎下載You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time.page2. 先行詞是物時(shí) that 和 which 一般可以互換使用，但有時(shí)不可

11、換用。(1) 下列場(chǎng)合一般用 that:a. 先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, the one, none 等不定代詞We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b.先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no,some, very等詞修飾The first book that

12、I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.c. 先行詞有兩個(gè)：一個(gè)指人，另一個(gè)指物I miss all the people and places that we visited last summerd. 主句是以 who 或 which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑

13、問(wèn)句。e. There be句型中，There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)Threebuildingshavebeencompleted,buttherearetwothatarestillunderconstruction.(2) 下列場(chǎng)合不能用 thata. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中， 即逗號(hào)后的定語(yǔ)從句不用 that 引導(dǎo)，指人時(shí)用 who 或 whom, 指物時(shí)用 which.精品資料歡迎下載b.在“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中不用that,指人時(shí)用whom, 指物時(shí)用which.This is the book about

14、 which we are talking.c.先行詞為that, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which 指物， who指人Whats that which you have got in your hand?d.兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用了that,另一個(gè)則用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which wasnewly open to us.e.關(guān)系代詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用whichHere are some stamps which I think you can take away.3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句

15、中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省略。4. 當(dāng)先行詞指時(shí)間， 地點(diǎn)，原因 (the reason) 時(shí)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)， 用 when,where, why如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或 which.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.I still remember the years when I studied in the middle school.= I still remember t

16、he years in which I studied in the middle school.I don t know the reason why he didnt agree with us.= I didnt know the reason for which he didnt agree with us.5. 當(dāng)先行詞是 the way, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)， 可以用 that, in which 引導(dǎo)，也可省略。當(dāng)先行詞是time,time當(dāng)“次數(shù)”講時(shí)， 用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， 且 that可以省略 ; 當(dāng) time表示“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)間”講時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用when

17、 或 at / during which引導(dǎo)I don t like the way (that / in which) he talked to his mother.精品資料歡迎下載I can hardly remember how manytimes (that) Ive failed.I ll never forget the time when / at which we visited your hometown.6.當(dāng)先行詞 family, class, team,army, company 等被當(dāng)作單數(shù)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中用which,被當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用 who或 whom.The f

18、amily, which is a large and rich one, was poor.The party, who are all children, have lost their way.7.當(dāng)先行詞是動(dòng)物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句一般用whichThe dog, which he had kept for five years, was killed by someone yesterday.B. “介詞+ which / whom ”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常將介詞前置于作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞前，I love themusic that I can dance to. =

19、 I love the music to which I can dance.The man who I talked to just now is my brother.= The man to whom I talked just now is my brother.介詞后面的關(guān)系詞指人時(shí)只用whom, 不能用 who或 that;指物時(shí)只用which, 不能用 that.注意， 并非所有情況下介詞都可以前移，含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可拆開(kāi)，介詞仍需放在動(dòng)詞后面，如： look for, look after, take care of等?！敖樵~ + which / whom ”前還可以用 s

20、ome, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞，名詞或數(shù)詞等。His sons, both of whom loved music very much, spent most of their money on CDs.The house, the roof of which is blue, will be used as a library.C. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不密切， 去掉定語(yǔ)從句， 句子的意思仍然完整， 形式上用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)，使用時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：l非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不能用th

21、at引導(dǎo)l 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞不能省略。精品資料歡迎下載D.as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法1. as 可引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用于suchas.,so.as .,the same.as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。He bought me such a watch as was advertised in the newspaper.注意：比較the same as .和the same that .He bought me the same watch as I lostlastweek. 他買(mǎi)了一塊和我上星期丟的一樣的表。( 一樣，但不是同一個(gè))He bought me the same watch that I lost last week.他把我上星期丟的那塊表又買(mǎi)回來(lái)了。 ( 同一個(gè) )2.當(dāng)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的