非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (2)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中三年乃至以后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中都非常重要的內(nèi)容，在高中階段性考試和重要考試中占較大分值的比重。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動(dòng)式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被動(dòng)式）不定式 to do : 有to be done （被動(dòng)式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（進(jìn)行式）動(dòng)名詞 doing : 有having d

2、one（完成式）; being done（被動(dòng)式） ; having been done （完成被動(dòng)式）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語(yǔ)或有時(shí)跟賓語(yǔ)。具體來(lái)講：分詞在句子中可以做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等；動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；不定式在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解：一、動(dòng)詞不定式先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .作主語(yǔ)2 His wish is&#

3、160;to be a driver . 作表語(yǔ)3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .作賓語(yǔ) 4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5I have nothing to say .作定語(yǔ) 6They went to see their aunt . 目的狀語(yǔ)7Its easy to see their aunt.作真正主語(yǔ)，it做形式主語(yǔ)8I dont know what to

4、 do next .帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)9I heard them make a noise .不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1.“to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語(yǔ)中的to 都是介詞。agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , nextto , belong to , be used to , look forward t

5、o 2 帶to 還是不帶toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom .但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中必須還原to）3 動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of .Its necessary for you to study hard 。表物的特征 Its foolish of him to do it . 表人的特點(diǎn)4后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有

6、：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare ,decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。例如:通常不說(shuō)We think to obey the laws is imp

7、ortant . 而說(shuō)We think it important to obey the laws .5不定式的省略。下列短語(yǔ)中，如果意義明確常常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to 6不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系：1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me someth

8、ing to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2）主謂關(guān)系：She is always the last ( person) to speak a

9、t the meeting . -Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)是I )-Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now (邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I )7不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義：1） 原因He is lucky to get here on time . 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager ,

10、 anxious .lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened ,diappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2) 目的He came to help me with my maths . 3) 結(jié)果I hurried to get there only to find him out . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I s

11、aw him play in the street just now . 能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：五看： see , look at，watch, observe, notice兩聽(tīng)： hear , listen to三使： let , have make,一感覺(jué)： feelI saw him enter the classroom .注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式必須要帶to , He was seen toenter the classroom .二動(dòng)名詞Learning English is very diff

12、icult .作主語(yǔ)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常困難。His job is driving a bus . 作表語(yǔ)他的工作是開(kāi)車(chē)。I enjoy dancing .作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)我喜歡跳舞。I have got used to living in the country .作介詞賓語(yǔ) 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.There's no telling what will happen .2.It's no use talking with him . 3.It's no good speaking t

13、o them like that . 4.Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time ,a hard time 注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別，forget to do 忘記要做某事forget doing 忘記做了某事remember to do記住要做某事remember doing 記著做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味著做

14、了某事regret to do 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔cant help to do不能幫助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事try to do 盡力去做某事try doing 試著做某事learn to do 學(xué)著去做某事learn doing 學(xué)會(huì)做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接著做（另外一件事）go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事used to do 過(guò)去做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事2動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)

15、： n+ for doing 的含義現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)： n+which(who) be doing的含義如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是動(dòng)名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞又如： drinking water , walking stick running water ,sleeping boy 3 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：Hi

16、s coming made us very happy . 4動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)5動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況：need doing , want doing , require doingThis room needs painting . 這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。6只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy ,escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss ,

17、 permit . practise , require , suggest , risk ,keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can't help , cant stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about,give up , include , 三 分詞1 The story is interesting . Im interested in it . 這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。2 . This is a

18、 moving film . 這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。3. The secretary worked late into the night ,preparing a long speech for the president . 秘書(shū)工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長(zhǎng)篇演講稿。4. Given more time , Ill do it well . 如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會(huì)做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thiefstealing some money from the bank .

19、0;當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢(qián)。應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別Do you know the woman talking to Tom ? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a dev

20、eloped country.2分詞作表語(yǔ)The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited . 1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：The news is interesting . He is interested in the news .doing 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ；done 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2）表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）The blackboard is broken

21、 . You'd better have itrepaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married ,worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded ,wounded , drank , done 4）注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：have something to do 有某事要做have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事have something doing 讓某事一直做著5） 需要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：seat , prepare , hide , dress 如：I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair .6）分詞做狀語(yǔ)與不定式的區(qū)別：分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、 條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表