移動(dòng)端分辨率及適配

1、iphoneslw刀4/ ®湍懈対確囲Iriphone 刃14湛質(zhì)6 +65<Z13GS設(shè)備 iPhone3.06 inches (77.8 mm)2.64 inches (67.0 mm)231 inches (58.6 mm)2.33 inches (59.2 mm)231 inches (58.6 mm)2.4 inches (62.1 mm)1 8,16.22 inches (158.1 mm)5.44 inches (138.1 mm)4.87 inches (123.8 mm)4.90 inches (124.4 mm)4.5 inches (115.2 mm)45

2、 inches (115.5 mm)高Height5.5-inch4.7-inch4-inch4-inch3.5-inch3.5-inch對(duì)角線Diagonal414x736375x667320x568320x568320x480320x480J(1242x2208->)1080x1920750x1334640x1136640x1136640x960320x4801326326326326sp32BBinch (糊耳)1 inch H 254cm H 254mm3iphorle 出JlattMHr訓(xùn)召3那碉(widrh'heighi) ©WBHOUTFiPhone4s3

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4、著對(duì)角線,每英寸所擁有的像素（Pixel）數(shù)目。PPI ( Pixel Per Inch by diagonal)PPI數(shù)值越高，代表顯示屏能夠以越高的密度顯示圖像，即通常所說(shuō)的分辨率越高、顆粒感越弱。Physical Device Sizes(inch)1/3G/3GS4/4 S5/5S66 Plus320 pxPhysical Pixel Sizes 側(cè)640 px©1/3G/3GS4/4S640 px5/5S1080 px750 px6 Plus-sflMMP股-S-Irunsm(Z)(4.Eod、茴qd )蓋舊&蚤心那(_a.sdA,Eod)去蚤居feus.只舊脊。(

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7、ddss)寸 uoJZd 一 f M假蠱&理密/ The natural scale factor associated with the screen.(read-only)property(nonatomicjeadonly) CGFIoat scale NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);This value reflects the scale factor needed to convert from the default logical coordinate space rto the device coordinate space of this screen.

8、The default logical coordinate space is measured using points. For standard-resolution displays, the scale factor is 1.0 and one point equals one pixel.For Retina displays, the scale factor is 2.0 and one point is represented by four pixels為了自動(dòng)適應(yīng)分辨率，系統(tǒng)會(huì)根據(jù)設(shè)備實(shí)際分辨率，自動(dòng)給UlScreen.scale賦值，該屬性對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)者只讀。(3) UlS

9、creen.nativeScaleiOS8 新增了 nativeScale 屬性：/ Native scale factor of the physical screenproperty(nonatomic#readonly) CGFIoat nativeScale NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);以下是iPhone6+下的輸出r初步看來(lái)nativeScale與scale沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別：(=db)p (CGFoat)UUISCreen mainscreg sca-e】(CGF_OSSI = 3(=db) p(CGFoat 二cIscreen mainScreen 一 nativesc

10、a-el(CGFoat) S2 H 3(4)芳1=m畫(huà)霖3篩ffly 潟關(guān) T、凹壬igKsca_e w 磨方型血 iPhone3GS 色御 iphone4(s)。迂-HmT nativesca_e w磨.iphone6+s朋-、not ucserlnterfaceldiompad#define ISIPHONE (ULUSERINTERFACEIDIOMO Nn uluserlnrerfaceldiomphone)二 detect iPhone6 p-us based on iis native sca-e樣 define ISIIPHONEI6PLUS aslIPHONEp?p?ulscr

11、eenmainscreennativesca-e】Hn 3of)啓卜 ' 回璋目潟關(guān)若 sca_e ' 合亠凹岡步芝繼 iPhone4dJT4S" iPhone5JJT5S 忍、腦K-cIDevice currentDevicemode-汨耿 *_也=iPhone, ipaF iPodX-B'yffl 迤畧iPhone 淫制炯餉色sysct_byname?wmachinq)期ssffis耶甌妙磬olf如出盲聖。Resolutions 空 RenderingThe Ultimate Guide ToS BiPhone 2G, 3G, 3GSiPhone 4, 4

12、saiP»wne 5 5sPointsAttho boginning, coordinatos of all drawings are spociTioci in po/nto.Points arc abatract unitar th ay only maka fionsa in thia mathomaticfil coordinato apaca.Rendered PixelsPoiot-baaad drawings ara rondarod into pixolfi. Thia procafifi Sa known aa raitorizataon.Point coordin

13、 a ttw ar<» mukipliod by scalv factor to pixol coordir»at<,5. HigHor sc a It? <actor» result n higher l<yvol “ dotail.Physical PixelsThe device screen nrgy hove lower pixd resolution than the ；nn>o日<$ rcrdaracl n provioua st«»p.Comorotho innage can t>o d

14、*»ployod« H rvxj&t be downsamplod (reoizec) to lower pixtl rooolutaon.Physical Device Anally, computod pixolo are displayed on tho physical acreon.T>ie PPI number you how many pixels fit into ono inch and tKua how largo tKa pbcala appear in the real world.320 x 5C6(points)2x640x1136

15、(p lx© to)iPhone ResolutionssiPhone 6aiPhone 6Ot&ply ZoomsiPhone 6 PlusDc&plAy Zoomi Phone 6 Plus375 x 6(57(pointe)rwncJo? at 2門j.1125 x 2001(pixels)pQwn&ampling * 0.9611080 x 1920 (dovico pixoh)Cahow nt戸戸i jLine renderingTo demonstrate different rendering of pixels on various devic

16、es, we compare how 1 -point wide line is rendered on Origi nal iPhon e - without retina disp lay. Scaling fecrtor is 1 . iPhone 5 - with Retina display, scaling factor is 2 iPhone 6 Plus with Retina display H D. Seal ing factor is 3 and the image is afterwards downscalod from rendered 2208 x q 2-42

17、pixels to1920 x 1080 pixelsI he downscaling ratio is 1 920 / 2208 « 4080 / 1 242 = 20 / 23 T hat mans every 23 pixels from the original render hav-e to be mappe-d to 20 physical pixels. In -other words the imago is scaled down to approximatoly 87% of its original sizeOriginal iPhoneiPhone 5L o

18、JHypotheticalPerfect 3x DisplayiPhone & Plus8.2x/3x以及高倍圖適配(1) 2x2x means the same "double" retina resolution that wef veseen on all iOS devices with retina displays to date, where each virtual pointin the user interface is represented by two physical pixels on thedisplay in each dimens

19、ion, horizontal and vertical.iPhone3GS時(shí)代，我們?yōu)橐粋€(gè)應(yīng)用提供圖標(biāo)(或按鈕提供貼圖)，只需要icon.png。針對(duì)現(xiàn)在的iPhone46 Retina顯示屛，需要制作額外的2x高分辨率版本。例如在 iPhone3GS 中 z scale=l f 用的圖標(biāo)是 50x50pixel (Iogicalimage.size=50x50point);在 iPhone46 中 r scale=2 ,則需要 lOOxiOOpixel (logical image.size=50x50point,乘以 image.scale=dimensions in pixels )

20、r 并且命名為 icon2x.png。如果APP要同時(shí)兼容iPhone3GSiPhone6 ,則需要提供icon.png/icon2x.png兩種分辨率的圖片。(2) 3x3x means a new "triple " retina resolution, where eachuser interface point is represented by three display pixels. A single 2x pointis a 2 x 2 square of 4 pixels; an 3x point is a 3 x 3 square of 9 pixels

21、."iPhone6+在實(shí)際渲染時(shí)，downsampling/1.15 ( 1242x2208->1080x1920),準(zhǔn)確的講，應(yīng)該是2.46x。蘋(píng)果為方便開(kāi)發(fā)者用的是3x的素材,然后再縮放到 2.46x 上。參考：為什么iPhone 6 Plus要將3x渲染的2208x1242分辨率縮小到1080p屏幕上？詳解iPhone 6 Plus的奇葩分辨率iPhone 6 Plus屏幕分辨率如果APP要同時(shí)兼容iPhone3GSiPhone6+ ,則需要提供icon.png/icon2xpng/icon3x.png三種分辨率的圖片。需要注意的是，iOS APP圖標(biāo)的尺寸和命名都需要遵

22、守相關(guān)規(guī)范。(3) 高倍圖文件命名對(duì)于iPhone3、4/5/6、6+三類機(jī)型，需要按分辨率提供相應(yīng)的高倍圖并且文件名添加相應(yīng)后綴，否則會(huì)拉伸(stretchable/resizable )失真(模糊或邊角出現(xiàn)鋸齒)。以下基于Ullmage的兩類初始化API簡(jiǎn)介高倍圖的適配：<l>+imageNamed :該方法使用系統(tǒng)緩存,適合表視圖重復(fù)加載圖像的情形。同時(shí)該API根據(jù)UlScreen的scale ,自動(dòng)查找包含對(duì)應(yīng)高倍圖后綴名(2x )的文 件，如果找到二倍圖，則image.scale=2.0 ,對(duì)應(yīng)邏輯size大小以point度呈(pixel度呈的一半);如果沒(méi)找到設(shè)置默認(rèn)i

23、mage.scale=1.0 ,對(duì)應(yīng)邏輯size大小同像 素尺寸。因此,使用該方法,無(wú)需特意指走高倍圖后綴。在實(shí)際運(yùn)行時(shí),系統(tǒng)如果發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前設(shè)備是Retina屏(scale=2 ),會(huì)自動(dòng)尋找"頭2x.png"命名格式的圖片,加 載針對(duì)Retina屏的圖片素材，否則會(huì)失真。<2>+imageWithContentsOfFile/+imageWithData:(scale:)/-initWithContentsOfFile:/-initWithData:(scale:)這組方法創(chuàng)建的Ullmage對(duì)象沒(méi)有使用系統(tǒng)緩存,并且指定文件名必須包含明確的高倍圖后綴。如果文件

24、名包含2x后綴，則image.scale=2.0 ;否則默認(rèn) image.scale=1.0 f同樣對(duì)于Retina屏將會(huì)失真。<3>目前,適配iPhone6+時(shí),除了一些鋪滿全屏的大圖(Logoicon. Launchimage )需提供三倍圖,其他的小圖仍可沿用原有的二倍圖自適應(yīng)拉伸。9Screen Bounds & Application Frame(1) UlScreen.bounds/ Bounds of entire screen in points （本地坐標(biāo)系,起點(diǎn)為OQ）property(nonatomicjeadonly) CGRect bounds考慮

25、轉(zhuǎn)屏的影響，按照實(shí)際屏幕方向(UIDeviceOrientation )的克高#define SGEEMPWP7W(UlScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.width)#define 5C£f7V_AZE7<jA/7(UIScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.height)#define 5E47LZS>4/?_/£rwr(UIApplicationsharedApplication.statusBarFrame.size.height)不考慮轉(zhuǎn)屏的影響,只取豎屏(UIDeviceOrientationPortrait)

26、的競(jìng)高#define SO?£f7V_PWDWMIN(UIScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.width/ UIScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.height)#define 5C£EA/_A/£r<j/7MAX(UIScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.height UlScreenmainScreen.bounds.size.width)#define S7j47LZS,F>3_H£r<j/¥rMIN(UIApplicationsharedApplicati

27、on.statusBarFrame.size.width.UIApplicatio nsharedApplicationstatusBarFrame. size, height)(2) UIScreen.nativeBoundsiOS8新増了 nativeBounds屬性，輸岀豎屏像素級(jí)分辨率:/ The bounding rectangle of the physical scree remeasured in pixels, (read-only)/ This rectangle is based on the device in a portrait-up orientation. Th

28、is value does not change as the device perty(nonatomic#readonly) CGRect nativeBounds NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);以下是iPhone6+下的輸出：(lldb) poNSStringFromCGRect(UIScreen*)UIScreen mainScreen bounds)0, 0, 414, 736(lldb) poNSStringFromCGRect(UIScreen*)UIScreen mainScreen nativeBounds)0, 0, 1242, 2208

29、(3) UIScreen.applicationFrame/ Frame of application screen area in points (i.e.entire screen minus status bar if visible)/ bounds除去系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)欄property(nonatomicjeadonly) CGRect applicationFrame,/ APPFRAME-WIDTH=SCREEN_WIDTH#define APPFRAMEWIDTH(UlScreen mainScreen.applicationFrame.size.width)/APPFRAME_HEI

30、GHT=SCREEN_HEIGHT-STATUSBAR_HEIGHT注意:橫屏(UIDeviceOrientationLandscape )時(shí)，iOS8 默認(rèn)隱藏狀態(tài)欄,此時(shí) APPFRAME_HEIGHT=SCREEN_HEIGHT#define APPFRAMEHEIGHT(UlScreen mainScreenJ.applicationFrame.size.height)(4 ) bounds 和 frame 的區(qū)別下圖展示了 bounds和frame的區(qū)別： View's location and size expressed in two ways Frame is in t

31、erms of superviewzs coordinate system Bounds is in terms of local coordinate system10機(jī)型尺寸適配(Screen Scale Adaption )View A frame: origin: 0,0 size: 550 x 400View A bounds: origin: 0,0 size: 550 x 400View B frame: origin: 200,100 size: 200 x 250View B bounds: origin: 0,0 size: 200 x 250 從iPhone3GS/iPh

32、one4過(guò)渡到iPhone5時(shí)，在邏輯上盍度不變高度稍高，之前舊的素材和布局通過(guò)AutoresizingFlexible簡(jiǎn)單適配即可運(yùn)行得很好，但由于 高克比增大，上下兩端出現(xiàn)黑粗邊(典型如Launchimage )。從分辨率的角度來(lái)看，除了需要提供Launchimage這種滿屏圖,具他基本沿用二倍圖(2x );從屏幕 尺寸角度來(lái)看,需要對(duì)縱向排版略加調(diào)整。從iPhone5發(fā)展到iPhone6(+),由于高克比保持不變,iOS對(duì)圖標(biāo)、圖片、字體逬行等比放大自適應(yīng),清晰度會(huì)有所降低。同時(shí)，絕對(duì)坐標(biāo)布局會(huì)導(dǎo)致在大屏下 出現(xiàn)偏左偏上的問(wèn)題。從分辨率的角度來(lái)看，iPhone6沿用二倍圖(2x ),但需

33、為iPhone6+提供更高的三倍圖(3x );從屏幕尺寸角度來(lái)看,需要重新對(duì)UI元 素尺寸和布局逬行適配，以期視覺(jué)協(xié)調(diào)。(1)按寬度適配我們先來(lái)看一下iPhone46(+)的屏幕高竟比：iPhone4：分辨率960*640 ,高寬比1.5iPhone5：分辨率 1136*640 ,高克比 1.775iPhone6 :分辨率 1334*750 ,高盍比 1.779iPhone6+ :分辨率 1920T080 ,高克比 1.778可粗略認(rèn)為iPhones、6(+)的高寬比是一致的(16:9 ),即可以等比例縮放。因此可以按寬度適配：f itScreen Width = width*(SCREEN_

34、WIDTH/320)這樣，共有iPhone3/4/5、6、6+三組克度，在iPhone6、6+下將按比例橫向放大。(2)按高度適配在同樣的克度下,iPhone4的屏高比iPhone5(s)低,若縱向排版緊張,可以iPhone5(s)為基準(zhǔn),按高度適配：fitScreenHeight= height*(SCREEN_HEIGHT/568)共有iPhone3/4、5、6、6+四組高度，在iPhone3/4下將按比例縱向縮小，在iPhone6、6+下：!各按比例縱向放大。這里需要注意iPhone/iOS雙環(huán)上網(wǎng)的熱點(diǎn)欄對(duì)縱向布局的影響：iPhone作為個(gè)人熱點(diǎn)且有連接時(shí),系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)欄下面會(huì)多一行熱點(diǎn)連

35、接提示欄"Personal Hotspot: * Connection"，縱向會(huì)下壓20pt JUIApplication sharedApplication.statusBarFrame高度變?yōu)?0pt;當(dāng)所有連接都斷開(kāi)時(shí)，熱點(diǎn)欄肖失，縱向高度恢復(fù)正常為20pto 詳情可參考iPhone/iOS開(kāi)啟個(gè)人熱點(diǎn)的縱向適配小結(jié)。(3)按字體適配另外，iPhone的【設(shè)置】【通用】【輔助功能】中可以設(shè)置調(diào)節(jié)【更大字體】,APP也可以按字號(hào)適配：例如適配表視圖(UITableView:UIScrollView ),無(wú)法左右滑動(dòng)，因此無(wú)論字號(hào)縮放比例多大，橫向都不應(yīng)超過(guò)SCREEN_

36、WIDTH。注意限走控件元素內(nèi)容區(qū)域克度 以及間距，并設(shè)置適當(dāng)?shù)腖ineBreakModeo表視圖支持上下滑動(dòng)，因此縱向上的表格行高和內(nèi)容區(qū)域高度可按字號(hào)縮放。對(duì)于縱向也不支持滑動(dòng)的視圖，在屏幕可見(jiàn)視區(qū)內(nèi)排版時(shí)，最好不要隨字號(hào)縮放，否則可能超出既走競(jìng)高。考慮到iPhone機(jī)型的多樣性，不可能針對(duì)iPhone4(s)、5(s). 6、6+四種屏幕尺寸出四套視覺(jué)交互稿，也不要基于某一機(jī)型從上往下.從左往右給絕對(duì)標(biāo)注,而應(yīng)該關(guān)注subView在superView中的相對(duì)位置(Edgelnsets/Frame/Center)以及siblingview之間的偏移(Offset) #盡量給出適合Autol

37、ayout的相對(duì)布局比例(理 想情況是只給百分比)。假如交互按照iPhone5下絕對(duì)標(biāo)注，則在iPhone4(s)上可能擠出屏幕底部，而在iPhone6(+)上則可能橫向偏左或縱向偏上。開(kāi)發(fā)人員基于與屏幕邊緣的間距(Margin/Edgelnsets )，走位邊緣處的控件(釘釘子)作為參照，然后基于控件尺寸和間隙進(jìn)行相對(duì)計(jì)算排版。這樣，若釘子移動(dòng)， 相鄰控件將順向偏移,不會(huì)因?yàn)榫植空{(diào)整而出現(xiàn)凌亂。我們截取iPhone5s QQ文件助手列表中的文件cell，使用Sketch Measure對(duì)其逬行測(cè)呈標(biāo)注。Insert® ftGroup Ungroup©Create Symb

38、ol100%Edit Transform* file-list-cell.sketch0 0 紗臼Rotate Flatten Mask Scale Union Subtract Intersect DifferenceForv/ard Backward MirrorViewPages100200300400500600Exportfile-list-cellfile-list-cell sourcedetailVERTICAL#55E64EA0-2.IMG 7196.JPG05-1017:59 27.45K title發(fā)給群聊:萬(wàn)古長(zhǎng)空一Position328butt onVERTICAL#

39、C7C1B38F-9frametitleHORIZONTAL#C7C1B38.HEIGHT#04897867-810.WIDTH#04897867-8106p thumbnailthumb nail睡在我審兄弟.mp4detail10px05-10 1錨7 Isource"640pxS 168px來(lái)自群聊:萬(wàn)古長(zhǎng)空-button20pxr frameHORIZONTAL#C7C1B38HEIGHT#8C25C3F8-CA7WIDTH#8C25C3F8-CA7RIGHT#04897867-8106.LEFT#8C25C3F8-CA70-.HEIGHT#C5CE51D9-62D.WIDT

40、H#C5CE51D9-62D.file-list-cell不要讓用戶等待ppt05-1014:56 19.27M來(lái)自群聊:普通群聊24px三 144px60px *Q i ilteMake Exportable+打開(kāi)截圖.png文件，由于不包含Sketch圖元對(duì)象,無(wú)法進(jìn)行measure標(biāo)注(提示：請(qǐng)?jiān)诋?huà)板中使用該功能)。因此，第一步需要對(duì)要相對(duì)標(biāo)注的各個(gè)UI元素進(jìn)行 對(duì)象化。依次 Insert Artboard 創(chuàng)建圖層 frame、thumbnail title, detail, source. buttono選中整個(gè)cell的frame ( bounds ),進(jìn)行Measure size

41、 : width=640px ( SCREEN_WIDTH ) , height=168px0默認(rèn)橫向尺寸和縱向參考線都居中導(dǎo)致標(biāo)注重疊， 將縱向參考線右移至合適位置；也可選中WIDTH標(biāo)注圖層中的text和label元素，在不移動(dòng)參考線的前提下，利用鼠標(biāo)局部移動(dòng)標(biāo)注字面呈。(1) 縮略圖標(biāo) 在左側(cè)邊欄layer list中選中frame再command選中文件類型縮略圖對(duì)象thumbnail進(jìn)行Measure spacing，丈呈縮略圖左側(cè)相對(duì)frame的間距為24px0 選中文件類型縮略圖對(duì)象thumbnail,進(jìn)行measure size ,由于正方開(kāi)纟等盍為112px*112px ,故

42、橫縱標(biāo)注重雖無(wú)影響。thumbnail在frame中縱向整體居中， 因此上下邊距計(jì)算均攤即可，無(wú)需再給走標(biāo)注。(2) 傳輸按鈕 對(duì)button和frame逬行Measure spacing ,丈臺(tái)按鈕右側(cè)相對(duì)frame的間距為24px。選中按鈕button進(jìn)行measure size ,其竟高為144px*60px。橫縱標(biāo)注重屋影響視覺(jué),將縱向參考線右移至合適位置。button在frame中縱向整體居中，因此上下邊距計(jì)算均雄即可，無(wú)需再給走標(biāo)注。(3) 文件信息Ml SUIdpuu七 m 6eiui -qez-s c'.lJZ6QHdeudol±:lp-Mdeu七1JZ七 M 6eluo-qelpl -s (寸)3Z一 st七 AMO#6£punoqA£uo丄至 mNs (cn)-u UJU6-<1X 1SNA 丄u iuu6 一-vlx 匕n ( Q )po三弋三UZJSNFpo乏飛couziIn (I) 【艮g硼欣 Id< QIJJl<MHdUJog氷卑-H-70S SO 匚 X®怕、.Iln«醫(yī)蟻 IdvalLVU 崔 dwcru 。解味g勵(lì)幣。足彷M叵K-WIM、彷啟*02回屋汽假*世<殊冕旺ffi冠、82芍0希£n<