新概念二語法點(diǎn)總結(jié)(共21頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上新概念2語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1.構(gòu)成：使用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。(1)直接加“s”，works，takes(2)以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾，變“y”為“i”，再加“es”carry carries(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“es”goes dresses watches brushes2功能：(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作：eg: . Birds fly. She loves music. Mary's parents get up very early.(2)表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或職業(yè)，常與often，sometimes，us

2、ually，always，every week，seldom，occasionally，frequently等時(shí)間副詞連用。eg: . I always take a walk after supper. She writes to me very often. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.(3)表客觀真理，格言警句或事實(shí)：. The earth moves round the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Two and tw

3、o makes four. No man but errs. 人非圣賢，熟能無過。(4)表將來：A.在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，so long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(黃金重點(diǎn)，所有考試都不放過它!)例如： . I'll tell her when shecomes tomorrow. Even ifit rains this afternoon, I'

4、;ll meet you. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. (不錯(cuò)的句型，背下!). I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.(很感人的句型!)B.按時(shí)間表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來時(shí)概念。. The play begins at 6:30 this evening. When does the plane take off?. He leaves for that city next week. According to the timetab

5、le, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning.(按照時(shí)刻表，開往上海的特快列車早上 7 點(diǎn)出發(fā)。)【測(cè)試精編】1. The Browns _ a nice car and Brown's brother _ a nice jeep.A. have / have B. has / has C. have / has D. has / have2. If their house _ not like ours, what _ it look like?A. is / is B. is / does C. do

6、es / does D. does / is3. - _ you think he will come? - If it _ tomorrow, he will not come.A. Do / rains B. Are / rains C. Do / will rain D. Are / will rain4. The little child _ not even know that the moon _ around the earth.A. do / move B. do / moves C. does / moves D. did / moved5. Many a student _

7、 fond of films, but a good student seldom _ to the cinemaA. are / goes B. is / goes C. are / go D. is / go【練習(xí)答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is / am / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞1表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如. The kettle is boiling. Shall I make tea?. Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight(體重增加)。. The worke

8、rs are building a new bridge across the river.2表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。. He is taking physics this semester(本學(xué)期)。. Weare preparing for our final examination this week.3go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開始的動(dòng)作。. Look! The bus is coming.看!車來了!. The old man is seriously i

9、ll, and he is dying. Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.4與 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副詞連用，表示說話人帶有感*彩：贊賞或厭惡。. He is always thinking of others.(他總是想著別人。). The boy is continually making noises.(這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。). The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.(老

10、師一直在批評(píng)她遲到。)5下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。(此條戒律請(qǐng)背 10遍!)believe(相信)，doubt(懷疑)，see(看見)，hear(聽見) ，know(知道)，understand (理解)，belong(屬于)，think(認(rèn)為)，consider(認(rèn)為)，feel(覺得)，look(看起來)， seem(看上去)，show(顯示)，mind(介意)，have(有)，sound(聽起來)，taste(嘗起來)， require(要求)，possess(擁有)，care(關(guān)心)，like(喜歡)，hate(討厭)，love(喜愛)， detest(憎

11、恨)，desire(意欲)【簡(jiǎn)單記憶】 永遠(yuǎn)不要說I'm believing.或He is seeing a house. 再簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)說，這些動(dòng)詞后面不要隨意加-ing. 可怕的是：我們?cè)趯懽骷翱谡Z中常犯此類大錯(cuò)! 注意：have a party / think about可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)檫@里have意為“舉行”;think意為“考慮”?！緶y(cè)試精編】1. How can you _ If you are not _ ?A. listening / hearing B. hear / listeningC. be listening / heard D. be hearing / li

12、stening to2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she _ her homework.A. will finish B. is finishingC. had finished D. finishes3. Those who have applied for the post(職位)_ in the office.(此題超前)A. are being interviewed B. are interviewingC. interviewing D. to be interviewing4. The old scientist

13、_ to do more for the country.A. is wishing B. has been wishingC. wishes D. has been wished5. If he _, don't wake him up.A. still sleeps B. is still sleepingC. still has been sleeping D. will be sleeping still【練習(xí)答案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B三一般過去時(shí)1表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。. We visited the school last sp

14、ring. I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. China was founded in 1949.2在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。. She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day. They would not leave until she came back. My friend promised to marry me once she made her final decision.3一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去

15、時(shí)的幾組差異：（別以為這很簡(jiǎn)單，下面的差異你不一定明白。） Her brother was a chemist.（已去世） Her brother is a chemist.（尚健在） That's all I had to say.（話已說完） That's all I have to say.（言之未盡） It was so nice to see you.（離別時(shí)用） It is so nice to see you.（見面時(shí)用） Jane did a lot of work this morning.（已是當(dāng)天下午或晚上） Jane has done a lot of

16、work this morning.（仍是上午）本句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此乃后話！測(cè)試精編 I：（用所給動(dòng)詞的正確進(jìn)態(tài)填空）。1. Yesterday I _ (think) that you were not in Beijing.2. Alice usually _ (sit) in the front of the classroom, but she _ (sit) at the back this morning.3. He _ (tell) the news to us three days ago.4. He_ (begin) to teach Chinese in 1990.5. sh

17、e would not telephone me if she _ (have) no time.測(cè)試精編 II：1. They _ the trip until the rain stopped.A. continued B. didn't continueC. hadn't continued D. would continue2. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they _ of hunger and cold.（without 在這里表?xiàng)l件，你知道嗎？）A. wou

18、ld die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died3. It was not until then that I came to know that the earth _ around the sun.A. moved B. has moved C. will move D. moves4. When all those present（到場(chǎng)者）_ he began his lecture.（重點(diǎn)題）A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated5. If I had had time, I would

19、have written to you. But in fact I _ not.A. have B. would have C. had D. had had練習(xí)答案：I1.thought 2.sits,sat 3.told 4.began 5.hadII1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C四.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過去某一時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。. I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening. When I arrived, they were watching TV. They were doing housework this time last

20、 week.2用于條件狀語從句中表示過去將來進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。. She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping. I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast.3過去某時(shí)將發(fā)生的事?？蓞⒖?（4）. They told me that they were leaving for New York. He was going out when I arrived.練習(xí)題：1. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and h

21、urt himself.A. fell / was riding B. feel / were ridingC. had fallen / rode D. had fallen / was riding2. He _ his leg as he _ in a football match.A. broke / played B. was breaking / was playingC. broke / was playing D. was breaking / played3. -Myfather will be here tomorrow. -I thought that he _ toda

22、y.A. was corning B. is comingC. will come D. comes4. Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who _ in.A. come B. was coming C. had been coming D. had come5. Michike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr. Smith called her because she _ in the lab.A. had been working B.

23、has been workingC. was working D. worked練習(xí)答案： 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet，just，before，recently，lately(最近)，ever，never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。 He hasn't seen her lately. I haven't finished the book yet.2表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：so far(迄今為止)，up ti

24、ll now(直到現(xiàn)在)，since, for a long time(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)，up to present(直到現(xiàn)在)，in the past / in the last few years(在過去的幾年里)，these days(目前). He has worked here for 15 years. I have studied English since I came here. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. So far, I haven't received a single letter

25、 from my brother.3某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（即：動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞），在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語搭配。黃金要點(diǎn)：I.常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞：die, arrive(到達(dá))，join(加入)，leave(離開)，go, refuse(拒 絕)，fail(失敗)，finish，buy，marry，divorce(離婚)，awake(醒) ，buy，borrow，lend .(背三遍!)II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 She has gone away for a

26、 month.(誤) She has been away for a month (正) The man has died for two years.(誤) The man has been dead for two years.(正) How long have youbought the book?(誤) How long have you got the book.(正)4注意 since的用法：. They haven't had any troublesince they came here. It has been ten years since we met last

27、time. He has been heresince 1980. He has been heresince ten years ago.5幾組對(duì)比：He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。He has been to Shanghai. 他去過上海。She has gone. 她已走了。She is gone. 她缺席了。(or她死了。)The door has been closed. 門關(guān)上了。(動(dòng)作)The door is closed. 門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))練習(xí)題1. The prices _ going up all the time in the pas

28、t few years.A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. are keeping2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area.A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She _ John.A. have just married with B. was just married toC. has just been married to D. just has b

29、een married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages.A. hadn't B. haven't C. haven't had D. hadn't had5. Nowadays computer _ a wide application with the development of production and science.A. found B. has found C. finds D. had found練習(xí)答案：1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C

30、 5. B六.精要：五種基本句型1.主+謂(不及物動(dòng)詞)Man can think. The fire is burning.不可忽視：常用不及物動(dòng)詞有 break, breathe, burn, smoke, swim, skate, appear, disappear, work, think etc.2.主+謂+表語(系動(dòng)詞)He became a scientist.She is getting more and more beautiful.不可忽視：常用系動(dòng)詞： be, get, turn, feel, seem, appear, look taste, sound, smell,

31、 become, go, prove etc.3.主+謂+賓(及物動(dòng)詞)We love peace.They will paint the door.常用動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, need, love, like, study, answer, carry, etc.4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)We elected him president.They painted the door white.I advised the students to recite the texts.王牌重點(diǎn)：常用作賓補(bǔ)的形式：(請(qǐng)將每個(gè)例句大聲朗讀一遍)(1)名詞：The couple named their

32、baby Johnson.(2)形容詞：I keep the door open.(3)副詞：The naughty boy knocked the bottle over.(4)不定式：He ordered his men to fire.(5)分詞：He heard me singing. I saw the vase broken.(6)介詞短語：They look on him as a teacher.(7)名詞性從句：I asked him what he was doing.5.(1)主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語My friend bought me a gift.I passed

33、 him the book.(2)主+謂+直賓+介詞+間賓My friend bought a gift for me.I passed the book to him.七.過去完成時(shí)：had + 過去分詞1表示過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作。“過去的過去”。 They had got everything ready before I came. The play had begunbefore I got to the theater with my boyfriend.2過去完成時(shí)常用于 hardly / scarcely . when, no sooner . th

34、an等固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)中。（此乃超級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型，意為：“一就”） She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang. No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.(注意 no sooner 在句首時(shí)句型倒裝。)3intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（計(jì)劃）等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)用來表示本打算做而沒有做的事。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but

35、 someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.(原想昨天去看你) They had planed to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because the bad weather.(原計(jì)劃上周舉行一場(chǎng)足球賽)練習(xí)：1. -Let's hurry! The president is coming. -Oh, I was afraid that we _.A. already miss him B. had already missed

36、himC. will miss him already D. have already missed him2. Your letter came just as I _ my office.A. was leaving B. would leaveC. had left D. left3. I _ my keys, I can't remember where I last sawthem.A. was losing B. lost C. had lost D. have lost4. Nobody knew where the teacher _.A. has gone B. wo

37、uld have goneC. had gone D. would be gone5. The sportsmen _ training for 3 hours when the coach told them to break off for rest.A. have been B. areC. had been D. were答案：1. B    2. A    3. D    4. C    5. C八.一般將來時(shí)：shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形1表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He will gr

38、aduate from the college next year. We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.2將來時(shí)的其它結(jié)構(gòu)：（務(wù)必背下！）I. be going to do something. 打算做某事。(美國(guó)口語中常讀作be gonna) I'm going to buy a new coat this fall.be going to與will的對(duì)比：下列情況須用will I'll be sixteen years old next year. It will be the 20 th of August t

39、omorrow. When he comes, I will give him your message.I. be + to do sth.表示計(jì)劃安排做某事或用來征求意見。 Am I to take over his work? We are to meet at the gate.III. be about to do sth. 即將做某事。 The talk is about to begin.3.重點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事set out to do sth. 著手做某事set about doing sth. 開始做某事練習(xí)：1.

40、 - "The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 o'clock."- "But _ a delay."A. it will be B. there'd beC. there will be D. there is2. He'll leave for Paris before you _ next week.A. will come back B. will be backC. come back D. came back3. Our next meeting _ on 1st December

41、.A. has been held B. will holdC. is to be held D. is holding4. Where _ a will, there is a way.A. there will have B. has been thereC. there is D. there has been5. It _ be Wednesday tomorrow.A. is going to B. will C. is about to D. is to答案：1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B九.過去將來時(shí)：should / would + 動(dòng)詞原形1.表示從過去某個(gè)

42、時(shí)刻看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He said that they would meet me at the station.2.此用法常用于間接引語中。練習(xí)：1. On television last night the newscaster announced that the leader _ on Saturday.A. is arriving B. will arriveC. would be arrived D. would arrive2. He told us that he would begin the dictation when we_ ready.A. will be

43、B. would beC. were D. are3. My aunt _ to see us, she would be here soon.A. is corning B. was comingC. came D. had came4. They would be given a new house if more _ the next year.A. will be built B. would be builtC. are built D. were built答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D十過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)

44、作。 She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in.比較：. The girl had cleaned up the room, so it was tidy. The girl had been clearing up the room, so we had to wait outside.練習(xí)：1. It _ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was raining B. would be raining C. had been

45、 raining D. has rained2. He told us that he _ there since 1982.A. has been living B. had been livingC. would have lived D. was living3. He had been learning English for 3 years before he came here and _ now.A. is still learning B. had been learningC. was still learning D. has been learning4. By the

46、end of last week, he _ in the company for 10 years.A. had worked B. had been workingC. will have worked D. would have worked5. Not until then did people know that he _ important military information to the enemy for a long time.A. sold B. would sell C. had sold D. had been selling答案：1. C 2. B 3. A 4

47、. B 5. D十一過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：should / would be + 現(xiàn)在分詞表示從過去某時(shí)看將來某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。. He asked me what I should be doing when he came the next day.練習(xí)：1. Tomorrow, I _ the book all morning.A. am reading B. will be readingC. will read D. have read2. -"Can you attend the meeting tonight?" -"No, _ the manager

48、about something urgent."A. I see B. I'll have seenC. I'll be seeing D. I can see3. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people _ long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?A. will they live B. they will be livingC. will live D. living4. He told us th

49、at he _ visiting Japan by this time next year.A. will be B. would beC. was D. is5. It _ when you wake up tomorrow morning.A. is snowing B. will snow C. will be snowing D. snows答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C狀語從句語法中時(shí)間狀語是個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。一般由when、 as、 while、before和after等連詞所引導(dǎo)，每個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不同，相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間關(guān)系， 以及它在具體句子中時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

50、都不同。下面小編為大家總結(jié)了一些如何區(qū)分由不同連詞所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的技巧。一、when、 as、 while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句區(qū)分When、 as、 while皆有表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。 When既可以指時(shí)間段也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)， 從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 且動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。While強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)持續(xù)地進(jìn)行，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。As側(cè)重表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者一種動(dòng)作隨著另一種動(dòng)作的變化而變化。例句：1、When my husband was going into the dining room this mor

51、ning, he dropped some coins on the floor. 今早當(dāng)我丈夫走進(jìn)飯廳時(shí)，把一些硬幣掉到地上了。2、While we were having breakfast, our little boy found two coins on the floor. 當(dāng)我們正吃早飯的時(shí)候，我們的小男孩在地上找到兩枚硬幣。3、He jumps as he goes along. 他邊走邊跳二、before和after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句區(qū)分Before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前，而after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句正好相反，它表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。

52、例句：1、 It was some time before we realized the truth. 過了一段時(shí)間我們才意識(shí)到真相。2、 He gave us our exercise books after he had corrected them. 他修改完以后才把練習(xí)本給我們。賓語從句語法中賓語從句是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，小編為大家總結(jié)了8條that不省略的賓語從句：引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：1. 賓語從句前有插入語。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們

53、呆在家里。2. 有間接賓語時(shí)。如：He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。3. that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后。如：He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他說那本書很有趣，所有小孩都喜歡讀。4. 在“it(形式賓語)+補(bǔ)語”之后時(shí)。如：I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。5. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。如：What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事?That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說)凱特考試及格了。6. 在except等介詞后。如：He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。7. 位于句首時(shí)。如：That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。8. 在較為正式或不