FIDIC 99 版中英文

1、fidic 99 版中英文 fedic合同 新紅皮書部分 中英文對(duì)比 通用條件 general conditions 1 一般規(guī)定 1. general provisions 1.1定義 1.1 definitions 在包括專用條件和本通用條件的合同條件（“本合同條件”）中，以下措辭和用語(yǔ)的含義如下所述。除非上下文中另有要求，指當(dāng)事人和當(dāng)事各方的詞包括公司和其它法律實(shí)體。 in the conditions of contract (these conditions), which include particular conditions and these general conditi

2、ons, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings stated. words indicating persons or parties include corporations and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise. 1.1.1 合同 1.1.1 the contract 1.1.1.1“合同(contract)”指合同協(xié)議書、中標(biāo)函、投標(biāo)函、本合同條件、規(guī)范、圖紙、資料表、以及在合同協(xié)議書或中標(biāo)函中列明的其它進(jìn)

3、一步的文件(如有時(shí))。 1.1.1.1 contract means the contract agreement, the letter of acceptance, the letter of tender, these conditions, the specification, the drawings, the schedules, and the further documents (if any) which are listed in the contract agreement or in the letter of acceptance. 1.1.1.2“合同協(xié)議書(con

4、tract agreement)”指第1.6款【合同協(xié)議】中所說明的合同協(xié)議(如有時(shí))。 1.1.1.2 contract agreement means the contract agreement (if any) referred to in sub-clause 1.6 contract agreement. 1.1.1.3“中標(biāo)函(letter of acceptance)”指雇主對(duì)投標(biāo)文件簽署的正式接受函，包括其后所附的備忘錄(由合同各方達(dá)成并簽定的協(xié)議構(gòu)成)。在沒有此中標(biāo)函的狀況下，“中標(biāo)函”一詞就指合同協(xié)議書，頒發(fā)或接收中標(biāo)函的日期就指雙方簽訂合同協(xié)議書的日期。 1.1.1.3

5、 letter of acceptance means the letter of formal acceptance, signed by the employer, of the letter of tender, including any annexed memoranda comprising agreements between and signed by both parties. if there is no such letter of acceptance, the expression letter of acceptance means the contract agr

6、eement and the date of issuing or receiving the letter of acceptance means the date of signing the contract agreement. 1.1.1.4“投標(biāo)函(letter of tender)”指名稱為投標(biāo)函的文件，由承包商填寫，包括已簽字的對(duì)雇主的工程報(bào)價(jià)。 1.1.1.4 letter of tender means the document entitled letter of tender, which was completed by the contractor and incl

7、udes the signed offer to the employer for the works. 1.1.1.5“規(guī)范(specification)”指合同中名稱為規(guī)范的文件，及依據(jù)合同規(guī)定對(duì)規(guī)范的增加和修改。此文件詳細(xì)描述了工程。 1.1.1.5 specification means the document entitled specification, as included in the contract, and any additions and modifications to the specification in accordance with the contr

8、act. such document specifies the works. 1.1.1.6“圖紙(drawings)”指合同中規(guī)定的工程圖紙，及由雇主(或代表)依據(jù)合同頒發(fā)的對(duì)圖紙的增加和修改。 1.1.1.6 drawings means the drawings of the works, as included in the contract, and any additional and modified drawings issued by (or on behalf of, the employer in accordance with the contract. 1.1.1.

9、7“資料表(schedules)”指合同中名稱為資料表的文件，由承包商填寫并隨投標(biāo)函提交。此文件可能包括工程量表、數(shù)據(jù)、列表、及費(fèi)率和/或單價(jià)表。 1.1.1.7 schedules means the document(s) entitled schedules, completed by the contractor and submitted with the letter of tender, as included in the contract. such document may include the bill of quantities, data, lists, and s

10、chedules of rates and/or prices 1.1.1.8“投標(biāo)文件(tender)”指投標(biāo)函和合同中規(guī)定的承包商應(yīng)隨投標(biāo)函提交的其它全部文件。 1.1.1.8 tender means the letter of tender and all other documents which the contractor submitted with the letter of tender, as included in the contract. 1.1.1.9“投標(biāo)函附錄(appendix to tender)”指名稱為投標(biāo)函附錄并已填寫完畢的文件，附于投標(biāo)函之后并構(gòu)成投

11、標(biāo)函的一部分。 1.1.1.9 appendix to tender means the completed pages entitled appendix to tender which are appended to and form part of the letter of tender. 1.1.1.10 “工程量表(bill of quantities)”和“計(jì)日工方案(daywork schedule)”指資料表中如此命名的文件(如有時(shí))。 1.1.1.10 bill of quantities and day work schedule mean the documents s

12、o named (if any) which are comprised in the schedules. 1.1.2 當(dāng)事各方和當(dāng)事人 1.1.2parties and persons 1.1.2.1“一方(party)”指雇主或承包商(依據(jù)上下文而定)。 1.1.2.1 party means the employer or the contractor, as the context requires. 1.1.2.2“雇主(employer)”指在投標(biāo)函附錄中指定為雇主的當(dāng)事人或此當(dāng)事人的合法繼承人。 1.1.2.2 employer means the person named a

13、s employer in the appendix to tender and the legal successors in title to this person. 1.1.2.3“承包商(contractor)”指在雇主收到的投標(biāo)函中指明為承包商的當(dāng)事人(一個(gè)或多個(gè))及其合法繼承人。 1.1.2.3 contractor means the person(s) named as contractor in the letter of tender accepted by the employer and the legal successors in title to this pe

14、rson(s). 1.1.2.4“工程師(engineer)”指雇主為合同之目的指定作為工程師工作并在投標(biāo)函附錄中指明的人員，或由雇主根據(jù)第3.4款【工程師的撤換】隨時(shí)指定并通知承包商的其他人員。 1.1.2.4 engineer means the person appointed by the employer to act as the engineer for the purposes of the contract and named in the appendix to tender, or other person appointed from time to time by t

15、he employer and noted to the contractor under sub-clause 3.4 replacement of the engineer. 1.1.2.5“承包商的代表(contractors representitive)”指承包商在合同中指定的或由承包商根據(jù)第 4.3款【承包商的代表】隨時(shí)指定的代表承包商的人員。 1.1.2.5 contractors representative means the person named by the contractor in the contract or appointed from time to ti

16、me by the contractor under sub-clause 4.3 contractors representative, who acts on behalf of the contractor. 1.1.2.6“雇主的人員”指工程師，第3.2款【工程師的授權(quán)】中所指的工程師助理以及全部其他職員、勞工和工程師或雇主的其他雇員；以及全部其他由雇主或工程師作為雇主的人員通知 給承包商的人員。 1.1.2.6 employers personnel means the engineer, the assistants referred to in sub-clause 3.2 de

17、legation by the engineer and all other staff, labour and other employees of the engineer and of the employer; and any other personnel notified to the contractor, by the employer or the engineer, as employers personnel. 1.1.2.7“承包商的人員”指承包商的代表和全部承包商在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的人員，包括職員、勞工和承包商及各分包商的其他雇員；以及其他全部關(guān)心承包商實(shí)施工程的人員。 1.

18、1.2.7 contractors personnel means the contractors representative and all personnel whom the contractor utilises on site, who may include the staff, labour and other employees of the contractor and of each subcontractor; and any other personnel assisting the contractor in the execution of the works.

19、1.1.2.8“分包商”指合同中指明為分包商的全部人員，或?yàn)椴糠止こ讨付榉职痰娜藛T；及全部上述人員的合法繼承人。 1.1.2.8 subcontractor means any person named in the contract as a subcontractor, or any person appointed as a subcontractor, for a part of the works; and the legal successors in title to each of these persons. 1.1.2.9“爭(zhēng)端裁決委員會(huì)”指合同中如此命名的一個(gè)或三個(gè)當(dāng)

20、事人，或根據(jù)第20.2款【爭(zhēng)端裁決委員會(huì)的委任】或根據(jù)第20.3款【未能同意爭(zhēng)端裁決委員會(huì)的委任】指定的其他人員(一個(gè)或多個(gè))。 1.1.2.9 dab means the person or three persons so named in the contract, or other person(s) appointed under sub-clause 20.2 appointment of the dispute adjudication board or sub-clause 20.3 failure to agree dispute adjudication board 1.1

21、.2.10 “fidic”指國(guó)際詢問工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)。 1.1.2.10 fidic means the international federation of consulting engineers. 1.1.3 日期、檢驗(yàn)、期限和完成 1.1.3 dates, tests, periods and completion 1.1.3.1“基準(zhǔn)日期”指提交投標(biāo)文件截止日前28天的當(dāng)日。 1.1.3.1 base date means the date 28 days prior to the latest date for of the tender 1.1.3.2“開工日期”指根據(jù)第8.1款【

22、工程的開工】通知的日期。 1.1.3.2 commencement date means the date notified under sub-clause 8.1 (commencement of works) 1.1.3.3“竣工時(shí)間”指在投標(biāo)函附錄中說明的,根據(jù)第8.2款【竣工時(shí)間】的規(guī)定，由開工日期算起到工程或某一區(qū)段(視狀況而定)完工的日期(包括根據(jù)第8.4款【竣工時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)】打算的任何延期)。 1.1.3.3 time for completion means the time for completing the works or a section (as the case

23、may be) under sub-clause 8.2 time for completion, as stated in the appendix to tender (with any extension under sub clause 8.4- extension of time for completion), calculated from the commencement date. 1.1.3.4“竣工檢驗(yàn)”指在雇主接收工程或某區(qū)段(視狀況而定)前根據(jù)第9款【竣工檢驗(yàn)】進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)，此檢驗(yàn)可在合同中說明、或由雙方協(xié)商打算、或以變更的形式被指示進(jìn)行。 1.1.3.4 tests

24、on completion means the tests which are specified in the contract or agreed by both parties or instructed as a variation, and which are carried. out under clause 9 tests on completion before the works or a section (as the case may be) are taken over by the employer. 1.1.3.5“接收證書”指根據(jù)第10條【雇主的接收】頒發(fā)的證書。

25、 1.1.3.5 taking-over certificate means a certificate issued under clause 10 employers taking over. 1.1.3.6“竣工后的檢驗(yàn)”指合同中規(guī)定的，在雇主接收了工程或某區(qū)段(視狀況而定)后，根據(jù)特別應(yīng)用條款的規(guī)定進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)(如有時(shí))。 1.1.3.6 tests after completion means the tests (if any) which are specked in the contract and which are carried out in accordance with

26、 the provisions of the particular conditions after the works or a section (as the case may be) are taken over by the employer. 1.1.3.7“缺陷通知期”指依據(jù)投標(biāo)函附錄中的規(guī)定，從工程或區(qū)段根據(jù)第10.1款【工程或區(qū)段的接收】被證明完工的日期算起，到根據(jù)第11.1款【完成掃尾工作和修補(bǔ)缺陷】通知工程或該區(qū)段(視狀況而定)中的缺陷的期限(包括根據(jù)第11.3款【缺陷通知期的延長(zhǎng)】打算的任何延期)。 1.1.3.7 defects notification period

27、means the period for notifying defects in the works or a section (as the case may be) under sub-clause 11.1 completion of outstanding work and remedying defects, as stated in the appendix to tender (with any extension under sub-clause 11.3 extension of defects notification period), calculated from t

28、he date on which the works or section is completed as certified under sub-clause 10.1 taking over of the works and sections. 1.1.3.8“履約證書”指根據(jù)第11.9款【履約證書】頒發(fā)的證書。 1.1.3.8 performance certificate means the certificate issued under sub clause 11.9 performance certificate. 1.1.3.9“日”指一個(gè)公歷日，而“年”指365天。 1.1.

29、3.9 day means a calendar day and year means 365 days. 1.1.4 款項(xiàng)與支付 1.1.4 money and payments 1.1.4.1“接受的合同款額”指雇主在中標(biāo)函中對(duì)實(shí)施、完成和修補(bǔ)工程所接受的金額。 1.1.4.1 accepted contract amount means the amount accepted in the letter of acceptance for the execution and completion of the works and the 1.1.4.2“合同價(jià)格”指第14.1款【合同價(jià)格

30、】中定義的價(jià)格，包括依據(jù)合同所做的調(diào)整。 1.1.4.2 contract price means the price defined in sub-clause 14.1 the contract price, and includes adjustments in accordance with the contract. 1.1.4.3“費(fèi)用”指承包商在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)內(nèi)或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)外正值發(fā)生(或?qū)⒁l(fā)生)的全部開支，包括管理費(fèi)和類似支出，但不包括利潤(rùn)。 1.1.4.3 cost means all expenditure reasonably incurred (or to be incurred) b

31、y the contractor, whether on or off the site, including overhead and similar charges, but does not include profit. 1.1.4.4“最終支付證書”指根據(jù)第14.13款【最終支付證書的頒發(fā)】頒發(fā)的支付證書。 1.1.4.4 final payment certificate means the payment certificate issued under sub-clause 14.13 issue of final payment certificate. 1.1.4.5“最終

32、報(bào)表”指第14.11款【最終支付證書的申請(qǐng)】中定義的報(bào)表。 1.1.4.5 final statement means the statement defined in sub-clause 14.11 application for final payment certificate. 1.1.4.6“外幣”指可用來支付部分(或全部)合同價(jià)格的某種貨幣，但不指當(dāng)?shù)刎泿拧?1.1.4.6 foreign currency means a currency in which part (or all) of the contract price is payable, but not the l

33、ocal currency. 1.1.4.7“期中支付證書”指依據(jù)第14條【合同價(jià)格和支付】頒發(fā)的付款證書，但不包括最終支付證書。 1.1.4.7 interim payment certificate means a payment certificate issued under clause 14 contract price and payment, other than the final payment certificate. 1.1.4.8“當(dāng)?shù)貛拧敝腹こ趟趪?guó)的貨幣。 1.1.4.8 local currency means the currency of the count

34、ry. 1.1.4.9“支付證書”指根據(jù)第14條【合同價(jià)格和支付】頒發(fā)的支付證書。 1.1.4.9 payment certificate means a payment certificate issued under clause 14 contract price and payment . 1.1.4.10 “暫定金額”指合同中指明為暫定金額的一筆金額(如有時(shí))，用于根據(jù)第13.5款【暫定金額】實(shí)施工程的任何部分或供應(yīng)永久設(shè)備、材料和服務(wù)的一筆金額(如有時(shí))。 1.1.4.10 provisional sum means a sum (if any) which is specifie

35、d in the contract as a provisional sum, for the execution of any part of the works or for the supply of plant, materials or services under sub-clause 13.5 provisional sums. 1.1.4.11 “保留金”指雇主根據(jù)第14.3款【期中支付證書的申請(qǐng)】扣留并按第14.9款【保留金的支付】支付的累計(jì)的保留金。 1.1.4.11 retention money means the accumulated retention money

36、s which the employer retains under sub-clause 14.3 application for interim payment certificates and pays under sub-clause 14.9 payment of retention money. 1.1.4.12 “報(bào)表”指承包商根據(jù)第14條【合同價(jià)格和支付】申請(qǐng)支付證書時(shí)作為申請(qǐng)一部分而提交的報(bào)表。 1.1.4.12 statement means a statement submitted by the contractor as part of an application,

37、 under clause 14 contract price and payment, for a payment certificate. 1.1.5 工程和貨物 1.1.5 works and goods 1.1.5.1“承包商的設(shè)備”指用于實(shí)施和完成工程以及修補(bǔ)缺陷所需要的全部機(jī)械、儀器、車輛和其它設(shè)備。其中不包括臨時(shí)工程、雇主的設(shè)備(如有時(shí))、永久設(shè)備、材料和全部其它將構(gòu)成或 構(gòu)成永久工程一部分的任何物品。 1.1.5.1 contractors equipment means all apparatus, machinery, vehicles and the remedying

38、of any defects. however, contractor equipment excludes temporary works, employers equipment (if any), plant, materials and any other things intended to form or forming part of the pavement works. 1.1.5.2“貨物”指承包商的設(shè)備、材料、永久設(shè)備和臨時(shí)工程，或視狀況指其中之一。 1.1.5.2 goods means contractors equipment, materials, plant a

39、nd temporary works, or any of them as appropriate. 1.1.5.3“材料”指將構(gòu)成或構(gòu)成部分永久工程的各類物品(永久設(shè)備除外)，包括由承包商根據(jù)合同僅負(fù)責(zé)供應(yīng)的材料(如有時(shí))。 1.1.5.3 materials, means things of all kinds (other than plant) intended to form or forming part of the permanent works, including the supply-only materials (if any) to be supplied by th

40、e contractor under the contract. 1.1.5.4“永久工程”指將由承包商根據(jù)合同實(shí)施的永久工程。 1.1.5.4 permanent works means the permanent works to be executed by the contractor under the contract. 1.1.5.5“永久設(shè)備”指將構(gòu)成或構(gòu)成部分永久工程的機(jī)械、儀器和車輛。 1.1.5.5 plant means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles intended to form or forming part of t

41、he permanent works. 1.1.5.6“區(qū)段”指投標(biāo)函附錄中指明為區(qū)段的部分工程(如有時(shí))。 1.1.5.6 section means apart of the works specified in the appendix to tender as a section (if any). 1.1.5.7“臨時(shí)工程”指為了實(shí)施和完成永久工程以及修補(bǔ)任何缺陷在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)上所需的各種類型的臨時(shí)工程(承包商的設(shè)備除外)。 1.5.7 temporary works means all temporary works of every kind (other than contractor

42、s equipment) required on site for the execution and completion of the permanent works and the remedying of any defects. 1.1.5.8“工程”指永久工程和臨時(shí)工程，或視狀況指其中之一。 1.1.5.8 works mean the permanent works and the temporary works, or either of them as appropriate. 1.1.6 其它定義 1.1.6 other definitions 1.1.6.1“承包商的文件

43、”指由承包商根據(jù)合同規(guī)定提交的計(jì)算書、計(jì)算機(jī)程序及其它軟件、圖紙、手冊(cè)、模型、和其它技術(shù)性文件(如有時(shí))。 1.1.6.1 contractors 1.1.6.2“工程所在國(guó)”指現(xiàn)場(chǎng)(或大部分現(xiàn)場(chǎng))所在的國(guó)家，永久工程將在此實(shí)施。 1.1.6.2 country means the country in which the site (or most of it) is located, where the permanent works are to be executed. 1.1.6.3“雇主的設(shè)備”指規(guī)范中說明的，在實(shí)施工程的過程中，雇主供應(yīng)給承包商使用的機(jī)械、儀器和車輛(如有時(shí))；但

44、不包括尚未被雇主接收的永久設(shè)備。 1.1.6.3 employers equipment means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles (if any) made available by the employer for the use of the contractor in the execution of the works, as stated in the specification; but does not include plant which has not been taken over by the employer. 1.1.

45、6.4“不行抗力”如第19條【不行抗力】中所定義。 1.1.6.4 force majeure is defined in clause 19 force majeure 1.1.6.5“法律”指全部國(guó)家(或州)的立法、法令、法規(guī)和其它法律、任何合法設(shè)立的政府機(jī)構(gòu)的規(guī)章和章程。 1.1.6.5 laws means all national (or state) legislation, statutes, ordinances and other laws, and regulations and by-laws of any legally constituted public autho

46、rity. 1.1.6.6“履約保證”指第4.2款【履約保證】中的保證(可能有多份)。 1.1.6.6 performance security means the security (or securities, if any) under sub-clause 4.2 performance security. 1.1.6.7“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”指永久工程將要實(shí)施且永久設(shè)備和材料將運(yùn)達(dá)的地點(diǎn)，及其它合同中規(guī)定為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)一部分的地點(diǎn)。 1.1.6.7 site means the places where the permanent works are to be executed and to which

47、 plant and materials are to be delivered, and any other places as may be specified in the contract as forming part of the site. 1.1.6.8“不行預(yù)見”指一個(gè)有閱歷的承包商在提交投標(biāo)文件那天還不能合理預(yù)見的。 1.1.6.8 unforeseeable means not reasonably foreseeable by an experienced contractor by the date for submission of the tender. 1.1.

48、6.9“變更”指根據(jù)第13條【變更和調(diào)整】被指示或批準(zhǔn)作為變更的對(duì)工程的任何變動(dòng)。 1.1.6.9 variation means any change to the works, which is instructed or approved as a variation under clause 13 variations and adjustments. 1.2解釋 1.2 interpretation 在合同中，除非文中另有規(guī)定，否則： in the contract, except where the context requires otherwise: （a） 表示陽(yáng)性、陰性或中

49、性的詞包括全部的性別； (a) （b） 單數(shù)形式的詞亦包括復(fù)數(shù)含義，復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞亦包括單數(shù)含義； (b) （c）包括“同意”、“批準(zhǔn)”或“協(xié)議”這些字眼的規(guī)定，要求將涉及的協(xié)議書面記錄下來，且 (c) （d） “書面的”或“書面地”指手寫、打字、印刷或運(yùn)用電子技術(shù)制做，并形成了永久性的記錄。 (d) written or in writing means hand-written, type-written, printed or electronically made, and resulting in a permanent record. 解釋本合同條件時(shí)，不應(yīng)考慮旁注和其它標(biāo)題。 th

50、e marginal words and other headings shall not be taken into consideration in the interpretation of these conditions. 1.3通訊聯(lián)絡(luò) 1.3 communications 在合同條件中，無論何處述及發(fā)出或頒發(fā)批準(zhǔn)、證書、同意、打算、通知和要求，這些通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)均應(yīng)： wherever these conditions provide for the giving or issuing of approvals, certificates, consents, determinatio

51、ns, notices and requests, these communications shall be: （a） 為書面的，且應(yīng)派人面交并取得收據(jù)，或者郵寄，或由信使送達(dá)，或按投標(biāo)函附錄中所 列通過經(jīng)同意的電子傳輸系統(tǒng)傳輸；且 (a) in writing and delivered by hand (against receipt), sent by mail or courier, or transmitted using any of the agreed systems of electronic transmission as stated in the appendix t

52、o tender; and （b）遞交、郵寄或傳輸?shù)酵稑?biāo)函附錄中規(guī)定的收件人地址。但是： (b) delivered, sent or transmitted to the address for the recipients communications as stated in the appendix to tender. however: （i） 假如收件人發(fā)出了更改地址的通知，其后的信件應(yīng)投送到相應(yīng)的地址；且 (i) if the recipient gives notice of another address, communications shall thereafter be

53、 delivered accordingly; and （ii）假如收件人在要求批準(zhǔn)或同意時(shí)沒有另做說明，此批準(zhǔn)或同意可送達(dá)發(fā)出要求的地址。 (ii) if the recipient has not stated otherwise when requesting an approval or consent, it may be sent to the address from which the request was issued. 批準(zhǔn)、證書、同意及打算不得被無理扣壓或拖延。向一方頒發(fā)證書時(shí)，頒發(fā)者應(yīng)向另一方送交一份復(fù)印件。當(dāng)另一方或工程師向一方發(fā)出通知時(shí)，應(yīng)向工程師或另一方送交一份

54、復(fù)印件(視狀況而定)。 approvals, certificates, consents and determinations shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. when a certificate is issued to a party, the certifier shall send a copy to the other party. when a notice is issued to a party, by the other parry or the engineer, a copy shall be sent to

55、 the engineer or the other party, as the case may be. 1.4法律和語(yǔ)言 1.4 law and language 合同應(yīng)受投標(biāo)函附錄中規(guī)定的國(guó)家(或其它管轄區(qū)域)的法律的制約。 the contract shall be governed by the law of the country (or other jurisdiction) stated in the appendix to tender. 假如合同的任何部分使用一種以上語(yǔ)言編寫，從而構(gòu)成了不同的版本，則以投標(biāo)函附錄中規(guī)定的主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言編寫的版本優(yōu)先。 if there are v

56、ersions of any part of the contract which are written in more than one language, the version which is in the ruling language stated in the appendix to tender shall prevail. 往來信函應(yīng)使用投標(biāo)函附錄中規(guī)定的語(yǔ)言。假如投標(biāo)函附錄中沒有規(guī)定，則往來信函應(yīng)使用編寫合同(或大部分合同)的語(yǔ)言。 the language for communications shall be that stated in the appendix t

57、o tender. if no language is stated there, the language for communications shall be the language in which the contract (or most of it) is written. 1.5文件的優(yōu)先次序 1.5 priority of documents 構(gòu)成合同的各個(gè)文件應(yīng)被視作互為說明的。為解釋之目的，各文件的優(yōu)先次序如下： the documents forming the contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another. for the pu