專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試詞匯講義

1、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試詞匯講義詞匯題第一節(jié) 從詞性方面對(duì)考題的分析詞匯的考點(diǎn)1.詞性考點(diǎn)（1）動(dòng)詞詞性辨析 第一 動(dòng)詞是否及物 第二 及物動(dòng)詞是加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還是加賓語(yǔ)加賓補(bǔ) 雙賓：及物動(dòng)詞+ somebody + something 賓語(yǔ)加賓補(bǔ)：及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+名詞/do/ doing /to do/形容詞 動(dòng)詞+ something + done例：63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary

2、 a Christmas present. C. You have done Peter a favour. D. She is teaching children English.在記動(dòng)詞時(shí)，注意記熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象。strike n.罷工 vt. 敲擊，撞擊，點(diǎn)火 vi.（疾病/災(zāi)難）侵襲 （2）名詞詞性辨析 （3）形容詞詞性辨析 熟悉的詞變形容詞，詞義和原詞意會(huì)有很大差別（4）副詞詞性辨析 注意熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象例：72. I must leave now. _,if you want that book Ill bring it next time.A Accidentally B Inciden

3、tallyC Eventually D Naturally 76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did _. A. absolutely B. accidentally C. accordingly D. accurately（5）固定搭配例：67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _.A battle B day C ro

4、ad D tunnel55. Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.A dismissedB dischargedC expelledD resigned（6）短語(yǔ)辨析 第二節(jié) 從詞型和詞義方面對(duì)考題的分析詞匯考點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~和短語(yǔ)一 單詞考法1.同義詞，近義詞，含義比較看 read (看書(shū)，看報(bào)) /watch（看電視）/see（看電影）/look at（看黑板） 聽(tīng) listen to（聽(tīng)音樂(lè)）/ hear （聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人說(shuō)話） 說(shuō) speak（說(shuō)陰雨）/say（說(shuō)再見(jiàn)）/tell（說(shuō)故事）/talk（大家說(shuō)）/ utter（說(shuō)話聲，發(fā)聲）2.形近詞辨

5、析 3.純單詞辨析4.形近意近詞辨析ensure ensure sb. sth. ensure (that) 句子assure assure sb. of assure (that) 句子guarantee guarantee to do guarantee for sth. guarantee (that)句子insure insure against二 短語(yǔ)考法1.短語(yǔ)辨析2.固定搭配3.俚語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ) 聽(tīng)力中聽(tīng)到什么不選什么（have a ball 過(guò)得愉快，玩得高興）；閱讀理解中看到什么不選什么（on ones last leg 死掉了）。例：68. The thieves fled wit

6、h the local police close on their _.A backs B necks C toes D heels76. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _ and declined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute第三節(jié) 詞匯詞的解題方法（一、二、三）一 同義詞、近義詞和含義比較題的題解題技巧1. 固定搭配76. According to the new tax law,

7、 any money earned over that level is taxed at the _of 59 percentA ratioB percentage C proportion D rate69. The economic recession has meant that job _ is a rare thing.A security B safety C protection D secureness2.指代關(guān)系76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was _.A l

8、eaking B trickling C dripping D floating58. I couldnt sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was _.A drainingB droppingC spillingD dripping 77. Thousands of _at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A audienceB participants C spectatorsD observers68. T

9、here were 150 _ at the international conference this summer.A. spectators B. viewers C. participants D. onlookers 56. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _.A invaluableB pricelessC unworthyD worthless3.包含關(guān)系A(chǔ)>B 一般選包含關(guān)系大的；但空格左右特具體時(shí)，選包含關(guān)系小的。例：63. During the summer holiday seas

10、on it is difficult to find a(n) _ room in the hotels here.A emptyB vacantC freeD deserted60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.A emptyB blankC desertedD vacant62. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few _ from the novel.A piecesB

11、essaysC fragmentsD extracts61. The new colleague _to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.A confessesB declaresC claimsD confirms65. I think you can take a(n) _ language course to improve your English.A intermediateB middleC mediumD mid63. The tenant left nothing behi

12、nd except some _ of paper, cloth, etc.A sheetsB scrapsC pages D slices74. Do you own your apartment or are you a _?A. tenant B. customer C. client D. proprietor二 形近詞辨析或純單詞辨析題的解題方法1.固定搭配2.看詞意3.看詞性4.看及物跟不及物的區(qū)別例：62. He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.A eradicationB exclusionC extensionD inclu

13、sion68. The bar in the club is for the _use of its members.A extensiveB exclusiveC inclusive D comprehensive58. There has been a _ lack of communication between the union and the management.A regretfulB regrettable C regretting D regretted63. Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his mo

14、ney.A economicB thriftyC frugal D careful67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.A. considerableB. considering C. considerate D. considered80. The couple has donated a not _ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderable B inconsiderateC inaccurate D incompara

15、ble第四節(jié) 例題講解（一、二、三）66. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _ his new album soon.A. release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearsere 相當(dāng)于again “再一次，又一次”：rewrite/ review/ revise/ resign 相當(dāng)于banck “回來(lái)”：return/reverse/recession/revive70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, s

16、o he will have to _ them next semester.A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise57. Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.A recovering B restoringC renewingD reviving78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _ slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB reco

17、vered C restored D revived67. A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoring C renovating D renewing73. The scientists have made an _ study of the viruses that cause the disease.A. exhausted B. exhausting C. exhaustive D. exhaustion55. The firs

18、t two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the _.A latterB latestC laterD last67. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally _ the rank of deputy director.A. ac

19、hieved B. approached C. attained D. acquired64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film _"? A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet71. The team has been working overtime on the research project _.A. lately B. just now C. late D. long ago79. The prie

20、st made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A mark B signal C sign D gesture61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.A sign B mark C signal D board78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-avai

21、lable products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys.A benefit B availability C suitability D convenience78. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _ until the motorway is repaired.A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased69. Come on, Jack

22、, tell me the story. Dont keep me in _.A. suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender第五節(jié) 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)辨析題的做題方法：通過(guò)動(dòng)詞和介副詞本身意思來(lái)猜例：through 通過(guò)，穿過(guò)，度過(guò)，透過(guò)read through 瀏覽go through 經(jīng)歷look through 透過(guò)來(lái)看The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally _.A）pulled out B）pulled through C）pulled u

23、p D）pulled over77. Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _.A pull back B pull up C pull through D pull out58. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to _with some of her most treasured possessions.A divideB separate C part D abandon.70. The football match was _ beca

24、use of the heavy rain.A. called over B. called up C. called out D. called off78. He listened hard but still couldn't _ what they were talking about.A. make over B. make up C. make upon D. make out67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _ in the street.A. about B. on C. over D

25、. out第六節(jié) 根據(jù)首字母考試頻率記憶單詞（一、二）一 不重要的6個(gè)首字母X Y Z 重點(diǎn)記：yield n.產(chǎn)量 vi. yield to屈服，讓步J K Q重點(diǎn)記：keep短語(yǔ)二 很重要的10個(gè)字母A B C D E I P R S T 高頻前綴：Aacc/add/app/arr/att/aff/agg/assaccess to 接近have access to 有權(quán)利使用Ccom/con/coconsistent 一貫的 不變的consistent 不變的 恒定的consistently 相當(dāng)于alwayscontinual 時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)，有間斷 continuous 連續(xù)不斷的，沒(méi)有間斷

26、Dde/disdecline 下降，拒絕 decrease下降 depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，壓抑 debate辯論disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜歡 distribute分配，分發(fā) indispensable不可缺少的Eex/enexclude排除enrich 使豐富enlarge擴(kuò)大entitle 給權(quán)利（或資格）entitle sb. to (do) sth.enable 使能夠Iin/im/idinclude包含 import進(jìn)口作為否定詞時(shí)，in沒(méi)有要求，什么字母開(kāi)頭普都可以；im要求加在m，p開(kāi)頭的單詞前。Ppre/pro/pu/plpre/pro 相當(dāng)于befor

27、e 在之前progress 取得進(jìn)步，發(fā)展predict語(yǔ)言RreSst/su/se/subset短語(yǔ)sub次，亞，下subhealth亞健康subway地鐵submit呈上，提交Ttr/tetrans從到transmit傳輸，傳播transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)，調(diào)動(dòng)工作 transfer sb. to someplacetransform 變革transplant移植transport 運(yùn)輸三 記憶單詞的方法：大量背，大量忘，大量留下：1.認(rèn)知；2.挪窩認(rèn)識(shí)；3.在英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境中使用單詞1. 堅(jiān)持循環(huán)記憶在閱讀中記憶單詞，創(chuàng)造與單詞多見(jiàn)面的機(jī)會(huì)2. 根據(jù)詞根、詞綴、詞源來(lái)記憶單詞3. 不擇手段記單

28、詞通過(guò)加減字母記憶單詞 編故事記單詞 聯(lián)想4. 根據(jù)單詞讀音記單詞5. 在生活中記單詞語(yǔ)法部分一、3大從句名從、定從、狀從，名從和定從常放在一起考（一）名從：主從、賓從、表從、同位從1、名從句中的連接詞連接詞詞義在從句中是否起從句作用能否省略that無(wú)不充當(dāng)只在賓語(yǔ)中可省If（只引導(dǎo)賓從）有：是否不充當(dāng)不能省whether有：是否不充當(dāng)不能省whether與if的區(qū)別，whether后可 + or not 或or連接代詞詞義在從句中是否起從句作用能否省略what什么充當(dāng)：主賓表不能省who誰(shuí)充當(dāng)：主語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)充當(dāng)：賓語(yǔ)whose誰(shuí)的充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)which哪一個(gè)充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)連接副詞詞義在從句中是否

29、起從句作用能否省略when時(shí)間充當(dāng)：狀語(yǔ)不能省where地點(diǎn)充當(dāng)：主語(yǔ)why為什么充當(dāng)：賓語(yǔ)how方式充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)注意：名詞性從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主謂不能顛倒。如：What is your name？/What your name is？而不是Can you tell me whats your name？（1）that引導(dǎo)名從時(shí)，只起連接作用，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成份Its /was + adj./-ed/某些n. + that +完整句子（因that不作從句中的成份）（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is /was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 不完整句子（強(qiáng)調(diào)最多的是主、賓、狀）2、賓從 主謂是vt

30、. + that + 完整句子1、 同位語(yǔ)從句抽象n. + that + 完整句子如：My suggestion is that what 只引導(dǎo)主、賓、表從，不能引導(dǎo)定從和同位從，即what 前不能有名詞。既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)成份作用，作從句的主、賓、表語(yǔ)。（1）只要what 引導(dǎo)主從，what右邊必須有2個(gè)v.。（2）what 引導(dǎo)賓從，左邊必須找v. 不能找n.（3）what 引導(dǎo)賓從，引表從左邊必須找類(lèi)似know的動(dòng)詞及am、is、are的系詞。在賓從中，主句若是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種時(shí)態(tài)?？陀^真理除外，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主句若是一般現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)完、祈使句，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)。（單

31、選、完形中有which一般考定從）公式： n. + that/which + 不完整句子，因?yàn)閠hat/which作成份。（1）that只引導(dǎo)限定性從句，限定性從句無(wú)“，”，既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)成份作用。作從句的主、賓、表語(yǔ)，先行詞可是不定代詞。先行詞可以被不定代詞、adj.或最高級(jí)、敘述詞及the first ，the last，the only，the very 等修飾。（2）which在成3考試中，只考定語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，既可引導(dǎo)限定，又可引導(dǎo)非限定；既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)成份作用。作從句的主、賓、表語(yǔ)，可與介詞連用。先行項(xiàng)可以修飾整句話的內(nèi)容，只能放在所修飾的先行項(xiàng)后面。名

32、詞 + 句子不是定從就是同位從公式：that + 名從：主賓表，考與what區(qū)別，what起成份，that不起成份 + 定從：考與which的區(qū)別，定n.（二）定語(yǔ)從句抓先行項(xiàng)與后邊的關(guān)系詞與先行項(xiàng)的指代的關(guān)系。抓關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用。1、關(guān)系系詞： 關(guān)系代詞（主、賓、表、定） 關(guān)系副詞，作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞指對(duì)象成份能否省who人主語(yǔ)（賓、表非正式用）作賓語(yǔ)，可省介 + whom人賓語(yǔ)可省that人或物主、賓、表作賓語(yǔ)，可省介 + which物或整句內(nèi)容主、賓、表作賓語(yǔ)，可省Whose人或物定語(yǔ)不省as整句話內(nèi)容主、賓、表不省than物主不省as既可引導(dǎo)限定也可引導(dǎo)非限定，既起連接作用又在從句

33、中充當(dāng)成份，作從句的主賓表語(yǔ)，翻譯成“正如一樣”。在引導(dǎo)限定性定從時(shí)找2個(gè)：the same as，such as在引非限定性定從時(shí)，只能指整句話的內(nèi)容，可放句首。關(guān)系副詞指對(duì)象成份能否省where = in which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)不省 when = on which時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不省Why = for which 原因（reason）原因狀語(yǔ)不省（三）狀語(yǔ)從句一般讀懂句子即可做題。1、 讓步狀從“盡管，雖然”連接詞：although，even if，no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞（適用狀從）= 疑問(wèn)詞 + ever（適用狀從、名從），though，even though，despite（介）=

34、 in spite為 of（介短），while（放句首），even（adv. 不能接句子，連詞可接句子）。while 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，從句謂語(yǔ)v.延續(xù)性 = but句中 = Although（Though）放句首，表“盡管” as 考固搭 時(shí)間狀從“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”：主從句主語(yǔ)一致；主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 原因狀從，表示說(shuō)話人看來(lái)很明顯的理由 非限定，可放句首 讓步倒裝adj. / adv. / n.（無(wú)冠詞）/分詞 + as 主 + 謂since 強(qiáng)調(diào)人們已知的事情（事實(shí)）= now thatwhen后從句中謂v.非延續(xù)。2、條件狀從連接詞：if，unless = if not（如果不），as long

35、as = so long as（只要），provided（that）= providing（that）= suppose（that）= supposing（that）3、時(shí)間狀從考點(diǎn)： 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（主將從現(xiàn)），限時(shí)狀從和條件狀從一般過(guò)去時(shí)（參考時(shí)態(tài)）：過(guò)去完；過(guò)進(jìn)將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall have done公式：by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間；by the time + 主語(yǔ) + do / does，主句必須用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 原因狀從 in that = because 因?yàn)?now that = since 由于，既然 結(jié)果狀從句型：so + （adj. / adv.）+ that such

36、+ a / an + adj. + n. + that 目的狀從句型：in order that + 句子 in order to + 不定式 so that in case 地點(diǎn)狀從如： stay（v.）；where yow are？二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)（一）“if”引導(dǎo)從句假設(shè)類(lèi)型if從句謂語(yǔ)v.主句謂語(yǔ)v.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反v.過(guò)去式（be用were不用was）would/should/could/might + do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had + donewould/should/could/might + have done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反were to/should + dowould/shoul

37、d/could/might + do1、省略if倒裝（1）had + 主語(yǔ) + （not）done 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反（2）should + 主語(yǔ) + do 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反（3）were + 主語(yǔ) + （not）to do 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反以上均省略if，將had、should、were提前，句子倒裝。2、含蓄虛擬，用介詞短語(yǔ)代替if從句引導(dǎo)的虛擬（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果沒(méi)有3、錯(cuò)綜（混合）虛擬，主從句時(shí)態(tài)不在一個(gè)時(shí)間段技巧：對(duì)號(hào)入座，主套主，從套從如：如果我是你（現(xiàn)在），我早把這書(shū)買(mǎi)了（過(guò)去）。 我要趕上那趟車(chē)（過(guò)去），現(xiàn)在就坐這上課了（現(xiàn)在）。（二）其他形式

38、虛擬（單選?？嫉?，非常重要）從句后是現(xiàn)在時(shí)即與現(xiàn)在相反，是過(guò)去時(shí)即與過(guò)去相反，是將來(lái)時(shí)即與將來(lái)相反。wish、wishes、wished as if/as thoughwould rather if only 主語(yǔ) 過(guò)去式 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 would/could + do與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反（1）had done（2）would/could + have done與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反但would rather + 句子用虛擬，would rather + dohad better （not）do 最好做 4、 if only 一般省略主句，用法與wish相同5、用表示建議、命令、要求等詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬從句中，

39、am、is、are原形即be解題方法：找出標(biāo)志詞；找出動(dòng)詞原形：do（主動(dòng)）、be done（被動(dòng)）（1）用表示建議、命令、要求等V.引導(dǎo)的賓從中公式：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)v.（必認(rèn)詞）+ 主語(yǔ) +（should）+ do/be done必認(rèn)v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于與建議、命令、要求等V.意義類(lèi)似的形容詞所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句公式：It is + adj. （必認(rèn)詞）+ that + 主語(yǔ) +（should）+ do/be

40、 done 必認(rèn)adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired（desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）與表示建議、命令、要求等v.相類(lèi)似的n.引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句表從公式：主語(yǔ) + 系詞 + that + 主語(yǔ)（should） + do/be done同位從公式：n. + that + 主語(yǔ)（should）+ do + do/be

41、 done必認(rèn)n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence， motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主語(yǔ) + did（過(guò)去式） 早該到的時(shí)間了/high time/about time 7、跳層虛擬公式： 真實(shí)，otherwise / or + 虛擬 虛擬，but + 真實(shí)（一般考過(guò)去時(shí)）特點(diǎn)：真實(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)或 must have done，對(duì)過(guò)去肯定猜測(cè) 虛擬would / could + have done（三

42、）情態(tài)v. + have done ，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)must + have done 肯定，沒(méi)有mustn't（表禁止）could + have done 本能夠， 可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或許might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本應(yīng)做，而未做（含責(zé)備）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了（含責(zé)備）needn't + have done 沒(méi)有必要做而做了（無(wú)責(zé)備）need 情態(tài)v.“必要” + v. 實(shí)義v.“

43、需要” + need doing（形式主動(dòng)，實(shí)際被動(dòng)） = need to be done “需要”need + to do三、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 表示將來(lái)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)四、反疑問(wèn)句1、（1）前肯，后否（2）前否，后肯前后時(shí)態(tài)要求一致否定：no，not，never，seldom，little，few，hardly，scarecly，none，nothing2、祈使句的反疑問(wèn)句祈使句，will you？ ，wont you?3、復(fù)合句中的反意問(wèn)句有兩種情況：（1）反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致（2）I / We + think / suppos

44、e + 賓從，反疑問(wèn)句看從句。五、主謂一致公式：1、not only A but also B 不僅A而且B not A but B either A or B neither A nor B A or B謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與B保持一致（就近原則）2、A，介詞短語(yǔ) B，（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與A一致）介詞短語(yǔ)：with，together with，along with，besides，like，as well as，rather than，but 等3、to do / doing/主從/n.短語(yǔ) + 謂v. 用 單34、a number of = a lot of + 可數(shù)n.復(fù)數(shù) + 謂v.用 復(fù)數(shù) the nu

45、mber of + 可數(shù)n. 復(fù)數(shù) + 謂v.用單35、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致，在定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)v.要與先行詞保持一致。whatever前不能有n.6、倒裝句中的主謂一致：介短 + lie / be / stand + 主六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）不定式： to do / not to do1、形式（時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)）， vt.（vi.只有主動(dòng)）基本形式： 主動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing×完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing×注意：不定式的一般式表示動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作將要

46、發(fā)生或同時(shí)發(fā)生，而不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作要先于主句的動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，不定式的完成式不能作定語(yǔ)。（4）不定式的成份，做主賓表，定狀補(bǔ)1）作定語(yǔ)n.+to do/to be done將發(fā)生doing/being done正發(fā)生done已發(fā)生2）作狀語(yǔ)，表目的（放哪都成）和結(jié)果（一般放后面）為了：in order to do 句首 so as to do 句中，不能放句首 to do3）作主語(yǔ) It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主語(yǔ) 真正主語(yǔ)4）作賓語(yǔ) find / make / think /consider it + adj. + to do sth. 形式賓語(yǔ) 真正

47、賓語(yǔ)如：Find it useful to study English.詞：make，think，consider，find（二）動(dòng)名詞doing / not doing1、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)Vt.（及物）vi.（不及物）主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主動(dòng)一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone2、 doing完成式不能做定語(yǔ)。2、doing完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)表示動(dòng)作要先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例：Having had supper，I went out for a walk.3、 形式動(dòng)名詞：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞：狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)

48、（不是重點(diǎn)）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別，看是否可變成主語(yǔ)，可變主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞。3、動(dòng)名詞（1）?？迹汗潭ù钆洌▌?dòng)賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系）；固定句型固搭Vt/vt短語(yǔ) + do/to do/ doing / sb do/ sb doing/ sth done/ sb to do介詞/ones /賓代+ doingVt + to do 與+doing區(qū)別固定句型1）There is no point（in）doing 做某事無(wú)意義2）It is no use（good） doing 做某事無(wú)用（無(wú)好處）3）sb. + spend（花費(fèi)） + 時(shí)間 + in doing錢(qián) + on sth.· It take

49、 sb. + 時(shí)間 + to do sth.· 物 cost sb. 錢(qián)·pay sb./for sth.4）need doing = need to be done 形式主動(dòng), 意思被動(dòng) be worth doing 值得做某事（2） V. + doing/to do 的區(qū)別1）remember/forget + to do 記住做某事（未做）2）remember/forget + doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事3）regret（遺憾、后悔） + to do sth. 遺憾未做某事+ doing sth. 后悔做某事4）mean + to do 打算 + doing

50、意味著5）go on + to do 接著做另一件事 + doing 接著做未做完事6）stop + to do 停下來(lái)做另一件事 + doing 禁止做此事（正在做的）7）try + to do 試做某事 + doing = do 試一試，嘗一嘗 （三）分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：作狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、5種形式： n. + to do（主動(dòng)）/to be done + doing（主動(dòng)）/being done（正在被動(dòng)） + done （被動(dòng)完了）作狀語(yǔ)：1、分詞，主謂賓 / 主謂賓，分詞 + doing（主動(dòng)）/being done.（被動(dòng)） + having done /having been done./done2、（連詞）+ 分詞，主謂賓（連詞時(shí)，主句主語(yǔ)和分詞主語(yǔ)一致）連詞后只跟分詞或句子分詞放前面，一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因。分詞放后面，一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨、方式、結(jié)果?；叵耄?To do，主謂賓 不定式放句首表“目