高一英語必修一語法要點(diǎn)

1、高一英語必修一語法要點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時1. 表示主語現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)及其所具備的特點(diǎn)、性格、才能等例如： i am a girl.2. 表示習(xí)慣性、常常性的動作 例如： i usually go to bed at 9:00.3. 標(biāo)志性的詞語always often sometimesnow and then4. 如助于為第三人稱單數(shù)（he she it ）就動詞要用單三現(xiàn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作例如： i am reading.2.表示即將發(fā)生的動作，多用于gocome start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中，句子中常常有時間狀語例如： the

2、plane is going to beijing.3.當(dāng)句子中顯現(xiàn)了always、forever、constantly、continually、all the time等例如： i am always thinking of you.三倍數(shù)比較1.a+系動詞 +倍數(shù)詞+as+ adj adv的原型 +as+b例如： the class is twice as big as that one.2.a+系動詞 +倍數(shù)詞+adjadv的比較級 +than+b例如： the class is twice bigger than that class.3.a+系動詞 +倍數(shù)詞+the sizeamou

3、nt數(shù)量engthwidthheightdepth+of+b例如： the class is twice the size of that class.四with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1with+ 賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語依據(jù)規(guī)律意義的不同可以是不同的詞語，如形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等，with在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中常作狀語2. 常用結(jié)構(gòu) 1 with+ 賓語+doing表主動與進(jìn)行例如： tom was quite safe with lucy standing behind him. 2 with+ 賓語+done表被動與完成例如： with all things she need

4、 bought,she went home. 3 with+賓語+to do表將來例如： with so many thing to deal with.五現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1基本表達(dá)式（i have been doing）i/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth.2表示從過去某時開頭始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且仍將連續(xù)下去；the chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有 2000 年的造紙歷史；（動作仍將連續(xù)下去）

5、i have been learning english since three years ago.自從三年前以來我始終在學(xué)英語；（動作仍將連續(xù)下去）3表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作； we have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了 人仍沒到，猶如在電話里說的，仍會連續(xù)等 4有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的句子等同的句子；例如： they have been living in this city for ten years. they have lived in this city for ten years.他們在這個城市已

6、經(jīng)住了10 年了；i have been working here for five years. i have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了；5大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子； 例如： i have been writing a book.（動作仍將連續(xù)下去）我始終在寫一本書；i have written a book.（動作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書；they have been building a bridge.他們始終在造一座橋；they have built a bridge.他們造了一座橋； 6表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能

7、用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；例如： i have known him for years.我熟悉他已經(jīng)好幾年了；i have been knowing.這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的動詞仍有：love愛， like喜愛， hate厭惡，等；留意：比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純表達(dá)過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；2過去常常與詳細(xì)的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語；一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in october, just no

8、w,詳細(xì)的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight,this april, now, once， before, already, recently， lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just,yet, till / until,up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語3現(xiàn)在完成時可表示連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是連續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去常常用的非連續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leav

9、e, start, die, finish,become, get married等； 例如： i saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了；）i have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了；）why did you get up so early.（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了；）who hasn't handed in his paper.（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公正競爭；）she has returned from paris.她已從巴黎回來了；she returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了；he ha

10、s been in the league for three years. 在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可連續(xù)he has been a league member for three years. 是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可連續(xù)he joined the league three years ago. 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為； i have finished my homework now.-will somebody go and get dr. white.-he's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week, in1960

11、 ）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時；（錯） tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.六過去完成時1概念：表示過去的過去其構(gòu)成是had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成；那時以前那時現(xiàn)在2用法a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句；she said that she had never been to paris.b. 狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般

12、過去時；when the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose 等，用過去完成時表示" 原本，未能" we had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3過去完成時的時間狀語before,by,until, when, after,once,as soonas ；例如： he said that he had learned some english bef

13、ore.by the time he was twelve, edison had began to make a living by himself.tom was disappointedthatmost oftheguestshad leftwhen he arrivedat the party.七現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1其構(gòu)成形式如下：i / we / they have been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞he / she / it has been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞功用如下：2表示一個在過去開頭而在最近剛剛終止的行動，如：ann is very tired. she has been working

14、 hard.why are you clothes so dirty. what have you been doing. 3表示一個從過去開頭但仍在進(jìn)行的行動，如：it has been raining for two hours. 現(xiàn)在仍在下 jack hasn t been feeling very well recently.4表示一個從過去開頭連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動，如：she has been playing tennis since she was eight.5現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作行為本身，如：toms hands are very dirty. he has been repairing the car. the car is going again now. tom has repaired it.留意：現(xiàn)在完成時有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時沒有否定結(jié)構(gòu)； 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可表示做完的時期以及已有的體會、 但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時不行以 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有時也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)；如：since that unfortunate accident last w