初中主謂一致全面講解及練習(xí)

1、初中主謂一致全面講解及練習(xí) 主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：最基本的“主謂一致”規(guī)則是：“單則單，復(fù)則復(fù)”，指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 they often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：

2、指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。my family are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 there i

3、s a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 二、 主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the desk is toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 the students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。many a student has

4、 been to shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。more than one student has ever been to beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。另外，加減乘除也常當(dāng)作整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。例如： two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。 twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 ten miles is

5、nt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語(yǔ)是(no)each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 one and a half hours is enough. 一

6、個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。 7. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。what he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起來(lái)很重要。serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。a student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，b

7、ut，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。mike with his father has been to england. 邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。 mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 the teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹。10. 由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況： 1). and連接兩個(gè)或

8、兩個(gè)以上不同的人或物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：he and i are both students of this school.我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。2)如果and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或事物，或指同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。the writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) the writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作

9、家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 11. people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team,nation，couple等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 people here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 his family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 my family all like watching tv. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anythin

10、g, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，不定代詞everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)代詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 everyone is having fun, arent they? 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎 everything is ready，isn't it?is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ something is wrong with him.

11、他有毛病。 nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each of them has an english dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。 neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。14.不定代詞all, more, some, any, none等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。v all the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛

12、了。v all the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。v none of us are /is perfect. 人無(wú)完人。v none of the money is left. 一點(diǎn)錢也沒剩下。 15.以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞（如maths, physics, politics等）和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞（如news, plastics, works等）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如politics, physics, works, the united states, news, maths等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這類詞語(yǔ)貌似復(fù)

13、數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把它們作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 no news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。紐約時(shí)報(bào)是流行于美國(guó)各地的報(bào)紙。the new york times is read all over the united states.16.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有means, deer, sheep, chinese,

14、japanese, fish等。如：not every means is useful. 并非每種方法都有效。not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效。17. 由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。either my wife or i am going.neither you, nor i, nor anyone else knows the answer.not only yo

15、u but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。each of us has his likes and dislikes.neither of the books is very interesting., few, a few, many, several, other等它們所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式19. 如果主語(yǔ)是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 a series of pre-recorded ta

16、ps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 on exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.the number of the students is over eight houndred rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of

17、, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面名詞的數(shù)，即就近原則。如：我們需要許多食物。 lots of food is needed by us.a part of the students have arrived.部分學(xué)生已到了。a part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被老鼠吃了。21以here，there開頭的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致 there is a book and three pens on

18、 the desk. here are some books and paper for you. 由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：here comes the bus.here is a pen and two books for you.在表存在的there be 句式中，主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞（短語(yǔ)），be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。 there is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=there are two pencils, a pen an

19、d several books on the desk.=there are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk. 22.一些由兩個(gè)相同部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若前面有“一條”、“一副”、“一把”之類的量詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，不帶量詞時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這條褲子是他哥哥的。this pair of trousers is his brother's. 23. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式. the poor are

20、 very happy,but the rich are sad. the beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定與否定一致 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。 we've had some(money). we haven't had any(money). i was talking to someone. i wasn't talking to anyone. they sometimes visit us. they rarely (never, seldom)visit us. he has arrive

21、d already. he hasn't arrived yet. li is coming too. li isn't coming either. both of us are going. neither of us are going. he likes both of them. he doesn't like either of them.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 my wife like classic music very much and so do i. she doesn't like jazz a

22、nd neither do i.,neither 單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)用單數(shù)。2. every,each ,no 雙雙出現(xiàn)，名詞單數(shù)，即單數(shù) 。 3. school,class,family 指人用復(fù)數(shù)，整體用單數(shù)。4. 有相同兩半的名詞獨(dú)自用復(fù)數(shù)，與a pair of 連用指單 數(shù)。5. 主語(yǔ)后的介詞丟一邊，時(shí)間、距離、金錢再多也是單數(shù)。6. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞不定式用單數(shù)，定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是決策。7. 幾分之幾見主語(yǔ)，幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞由其后面的名詞或代詞決定。但one and a half 跟單數(shù)。別忘倒裝向后看。主謂倒裝句，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. either ja

23、ne or steven _ watching tv now. a. were b. is c. was d. are 2. two days _enough for me to finish the work, i need a third day. a. isnt b. is c. aret     d. are 3. how many lessons do you usually haver a day six lessons a day. and each of then _45 minutes. a. last b. lasts c. have

24、 d. are 4. neither liping nor i _a basketball player. a. am b. is c. be d. are 5. there _ many new words in lesson one,it is very easy. a. is b. arent c. isnt d. are 6. the number of the students in our school _1200. a. is b. are c. has d. have 7. maths _ my favourite subject. a. be b. is c. am d. a

25、re 8. the boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. a. were sleeping b. is sleeping c. was sleeping d. are asle 9. every one except tom and john _there when the meeting began. a. are b. is c. were d. was 10. that place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. a. neithe

26、r b. both c. all d. some 11. nobody but jane _ the secret. a. know b. knows c. have know d. is 12. whats on the plate some eggs and cakes on it there _some eggs and cakes on it. a. is b. are c. was d. were 13. this pair of glasses _mine. a. are b. be c. is d. will be 14. both lily and lucy _ to the

27、party yesterday. a. invited b. was invited c. had invited d. were invirted 15. two months _quite a long time. yes, im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. a. is b. are c. was d. were 16. in the city the old _. a. take good care of b. are taken good care of c. is taken good care of d. are be

28、en taken good care of 17. his family _all very kind and friendly, his family _a happy one. a. are,is b. is,is c. are,are d. is,are 18. the singer and the dancer _come to beijing. a. has     b. have c. are d. is 19. the children in this class each _new school bag. a. have b. has c

29、. has got d. are having 20. all but one _ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 21. if bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, . he will b. neither won't he c. neither will he d. he won't neither22. i haven't finished my homeworked yet. a. so has he b. neithe

30、r he has c. he has too d. he hasn't either23. “i'm going to visit the lu gou bridge tomorrow.” “ .” a. i am so b. so am i c. so go i d. so i go24. you as well as he to blame(責(zé)備) for the accident（交通事故）.a. are b. is c. have d. has25. neither my wife nor i myself able to teach my daughter to si

31、ng english songs.a. has been b. is c. are d. am主謂一致練習(xí)題參考答案(1).b (2). a (3). b (4). a  (5).b  (6).a (7).b (8). c (9). d (10). a  (11).b  (12).b  (13).c (14). d  (15).a (16).b  (17).a  (18).b  (19).a  (20) d (21).c (22). d

32、 (23). b (24). a  (25). d主謂一致練習(xí)題 1. the old _well looked after by the government in china. a. is b. are c. has been d. was 2. the secretary and manager _very busy now. a. is b. are c. was d. were 3. both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting. a. has b. have c. are d. was 4

33、. tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party. a. was b. were c. have been d. had been 5. either you or i _going to the teachers office after class. a. am b. is c. are d. will 6. most of his spare time _spent in reading. a. are b. were c. was d. have been 7. this is one of the best no

34、vels that _appeared this year. been b. has c. had been d. have 8. ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum. b. is c. were d. have 9. about 20 percent of the work _done yesterday. a. are b. is c. were d. was 10. mr smith， together with his children， _arrived. b. has c. is d. have 11. it _i who _leavin

35、g for london. is b. amis c. isam d. amam 12. not only tom but also his wife _fond of watching television. a. are b. were c. be d. is 13. when and where to build the new factory _yet. a. is not decided b. are not decided c. has not decided d. have not decided 14. although the first part of the book i

36、s easy， the rest _. a. are difficult b. has proved difficult c. is supposed difficult d. have been found difficult 15. that they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all. a. is b. was c. are d. were 16. half of his goods _ stolen the other day. a. are b. were c. is d. was 17. mathematics _t

37、he language of science. a. are b. are going to be c. is d. is to be 18. each of the students _ a chinese-english dictionary. a. have b. has c. there is d. there are 19. they each _ a beautiful handkerchief. a. have b. has c. there is d. there are 20. between the two rows of trees _the teaching build

38、ing. a. stand b. stands c. standing d. are 21. this pair of shoes _made in nanjing. b. are c. have been d. had been 22. no one except my parents _anything about it. a. know b. knows c. is knowing d. have known 23. a number of students _from the south. a. are b. is c. have d. has 24. the number of st

39、udents from the north _small. b. is c. have d. has 25. writing stories and articles _what i enjoy most， b. are c. was d. were 26. his “selected poems” _first published in 1965. b. was c. has been d. are 27. miss smith is a friend of _. a. marys mothers b. marys mother c. mothers of mary d. mary moth

40、ers 28. a good deal of money _spent on books. a. have b. has c. have been d. has been 29. on the wall _ two large portraits. a. hangs b. hang c. hanged d. hanging 30. _turn green in spring. a. leaf b. leafs c. leave d. leaves 31. father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. a. an advice b

41、. advice c. advices d. the advices 32. all but one _here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 33. the number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons. a. were； was b. was； was c. was； were d. were； were 34. the air in big cities _very dirty by factories. a.

42、are often made b. is often made c. have often made d. has often made 35. nobody _to smoke in the cinema. a. allows b. allow c. is allowed d. are allowed 36. the chinese people _hard-working and brave. a. are b. is c. has been d. are being 37. _can be done _been done. a. all； have b. all that； have c

43、. all； has d. all that； has 38. john has two brothers， but either _out of work now. a. are b. is c. has d. have 39. the police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. a. is searching for b. were searching for c. are searching for d. were searching 40. apples of this kind _.

44、a. tastes good b. tastes well c. taste good d. taste well 41. your trousers _dirty， you must have _washed. a. is； it b. are； it c. are； them d. is； them 42. where _rubbish， there are flies. a. there are b. there is c. is d. there has 43. the olympic games _held every _years. a. is； four b. are； four

45、 c. is； five d. are； five 44. many a man _ come to help us. a. have b. has c. is d. are 45. he is the only one of the students who _elected. a. are b. have c. has d. is 46. three-fourths of the homework _today. a. has finished b. has been finished c. have finished d. have been finished 47. those who

46、 _ in _compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. a. hasnt handed； his b. havent handed； their handed； their d. have handed； his 48. jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher. a. are praised b. is praised c. praised d. praising 49. the whole class _the teacher attent

47、ively. a. are listening to b. is listening to c. are listening d. is listening 50. the united states of america _one of the most developed countries in the world. a. is b. are c. was d. were key： 1-5 babaa 6-10 cdbdb 11-15 cdaba 16-20 bcbab 21-25 ababa 26-30 badbd 31-35 bdcbc 36-40 adbbc 41-45 cbbbd

48、 46-50 bbaaa 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一 單項(xiàng)選擇：1. eating vegetables_ good for our health.a. is b. are c. were d. was2. more than one person _ made the suggestion.a. was b. has c. were d. have3. i think _ of the materials i listened to at the beginning of the exam _ easy.a. two thirds; is b. second three; are c. two th

49、irds; are d. two third; are4. neither you nor lin hua _ to the great wall before.a. had been b. has gone c. has been d. have been5. the writer and teacher _ coming now.a. is b. are c. has d. have6. something _ gone wrong with my tv set.a. has b. have c. is d. are7. nothing but grass and trees _ the hill.a. covers b. cover c. covering d. are covering8. physics _ more interesting than maths, i think.a. are b. is c. was d. were9. each student and each teacher _ to see the film.a. go b. wish c. are d. wants10. either tom or i _ to blame.a. to be b. am c. are d. is11. the