比較等級(jí)和比較結(jié)構(gòu)

1、比較等級(jí)和比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較等級(jí)和比較結(jié)構(gòu) 原級(jí)：原級(jí)： Positive DegreePositive Degree 比較級(jí)：比較級(jí)：Comparative DegreeComparative Degree 最高級(jí)：最高級(jí)：Superlative DegreeSuperlative Degree形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形式：形式：1. 1.“綜合形式綜合形式”：由：由原級(jí)后加后綴原級(jí)后加后綴 erer 和和 estest 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 kind kind kinder kinder kindest kindest2.2.“分析形式分析形式”：在：在原級(jí)之前加原級(jí)之前加mor

2、emore和和mostmost構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 difficult more difficult most difficult difficult more difficult most difficult副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形式的構(gòu)成與形容詞的副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形式的構(gòu)成與形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)基本相似。單音節(jié)副詞通常采用綜合比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)基本相似。單音節(jié)副詞通常采用綜合形式形式。以。以 ly ly 結(jié)尾的副詞以及某些頻度副詞則多采用結(jié)尾的副詞以及某些頻度副詞則多采用分析形式。分析形式。 形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)用于句子當(dāng)中便形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)用于句子當(dāng)中便形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)（Co

3、mparative ConstructionComparative Construction）。英語(yǔ)比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要的有三種：）。英語(yǔ)比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要的有三種：asasasas結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)，morethanmorethan結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)構(gòu)和the mostthe most結(jié)構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)中有幾結(jié)構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)中有幾個(gè)不定限定詞和不定代詞也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。它們個(gè)不定限定詞和不定代詞也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。它們是是many / muchmany / much，moremore，mostmost；fewfew，fewerfewer，fewestfewest；littlelittle，lessless，leastlea

4、st。它們用在句中也能形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)。它們用在句中也能形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)。1. asas1. asas結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 這種這種結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)的基本模式基本模式是：是：as +as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as-+ as-分句分句。 John John is is as bright asas bright as Bob.Bob. John behaves John behaves as politely asas politely as Bob (does).Bob (does).這種這種比較結(jié)構(gòu)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式否定形式是：是：not so / as +not so / as +形容詞或形容

5、詞或副副 詞詞原形原形 + as-+ as-分句分句。還可以用還可以用lessthanlessthan結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示：結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示： John John is is less bright thanless bright than Bob.Bob. John John behaves behaves less politely thanless politely than BobBobasasasas結(jié)構(gòu)的另一種模式是：結(jié)構(gòu)的另一種模式是：as much / many +as much / many +名詞名詞+as-+as-分句分句，這時(shí)這時(shí)many / muchmany / much是限定詞。例

6、如：是限定詞。例如：He took He took as much butter as he neededas much butter as he needed. .She has written She has written as many essays as her brother (hasas many essays as her brother (has) ). .asasasas結(jié)構(gòu)還有一個(gè)變體結(jié)構(gòu)還有一個(gè)變體形式形式：as as + + 形容詞原形容詞原級(jí)級(jí) + + 名詞詞名詞詞組組 + as-+ as-分句分句。 George George is is as efficient

7、 a worker as Jackas efficient a worker as Jack. . Hardly Hardly ever have I heard ever have I heard as impressive music as thisas impressive music as this. .否定否定形式形式是：是：He didHe didntnt take take so / as much butter as so / as much butter as he neededhe needed. .She hasShe hasnt written nt written s

8、o / as many essays as so / as many essays as her brother her brother (has(has) ). .這種這種結(jié)構(gòu)的基本模式是：結(jié)構(gòu)的基本模式是：形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞比較級(jí) + than-+ than-分句分句。 例如：例如：John is John is brighter than brighter than BobBob. .這種比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式是用這種比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式是用lessthanlessthan表示表示：This car runsThis car runs less less fast fast tha

9、nthan that onethat one. .也可用也可用not so / asasnot so / asas表示：表示：This This car doescar doesnt run so / as fast as that onent run so / as fast as that one. .morethanmorethan結(jié)構(gòu)的另一種模式是：結(jié)構(gòu)的另一種模式是：限定詞限定詞more / less / fewer + more / less / fewer + 名詞名詞 + that-+ that-分句分句。例如。例如： She has written She has writt

10、en more essays than more essays than hehe. . morethan morethan結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)的另一種變體形式另一種變體形式是是“定冠詞定冠詞+ +形容詞或形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)副詞比較級(jí)+of-+of-詞組詞組”。例如。例如： John is John is the brighter of the two boysthe brighter of the two boys. .morethanmorethan結(jié)構(gòu)也有其結(jié)構(gòu)也有其變體形式變體形式，其中之一是：，其中之一是：形容詞比形容詞比較級(jí)較級(jí) + + 名詞名詞 + that-+ that-分句分句。例如。

11、例如： John John is a is a more efficient worker than Jackmore efficient worker than Jack. .可轉(zhuǎn)換為可轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞詞組名詞詞組 + morethan+ morethan結(jié)構(gòu)作后置修飾語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)作后置修飾語(yǔ)。 John John is a worker is a worker more efficient than Jackmore efficient than Jack . .3. 3. “（thethe）+ + 形容詞副詞最高級(jí)形容詞副詞最高級(jí) + + 比較范圍比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 如果是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行

12、比較，就要使用形容如果是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較，就要使用形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)詞和副詞的最高級(jí)。 This is This is the most interesting the most interesting book I have ever read.book I have ever read.表示表示“最高級(jí)最高級(jí)”的的相反意義相反意義可用可用the leastthe least結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)。 This This is is the least difficultthe least difficult book book I Ive ever ve ever read.read.在一

13、定上下文中，最高級(jí)含義也可用其他結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)在一定上下文中，最高級(jí)含義也可用其他結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。表示。 例如：例如：George did George did more work more work this morning this morning than than anyone elseanyone else. (= . (= George did the most work.)George did the most work.)I I like like nothing betternothing better. (= Its the best thing I like.). (= Its th

14、e best thing I like.)Fill in an appropriate comparative construction:Fill in an appropriate comparative construction:1. He looked 1. He looked a a brick wall. (nervousbrick wall. (nervous) )as nervous as nervous asas2. Mont Blanc is2. Mont Blanc is all all other Alpine peaks. (high)other Alpine peak

15、s. (high)h higher thanigher than3. Youre far3. Youre far I I am. (tolerant)am. (tolerant)mmore tolerant thanore tolerant than4. Honey is just about 4. Honey is just about sugarsugar. (sweet). (sweet)as sweet asas sweet as5. Doesnt Alex look a little 5. Doesnt Alex look a little bitbit he he did did

16、last week? (unhappy)last week? (unhappy)unhanppierunhanppier than than3.關(guān)于比較結(jié)構(gòu)用法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1. more.than 1. more.than 和和less. than less. than 的翻譯方法的翻譯方法例如：例如：The The present crisis is much more a political than present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisisan economic crisis. .當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說(shuō)是經(jīng)濟(jì)危

17、機(jī)，不如說(shuō)是政治危機(jī)。當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說(shuō)是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，不如說(shuō)是政治危機(jī)。He was less hurt than He was less hurt than frightenedfrightened. .與其說(shuō)他受傷害，不如說(shuō)他受驚嚇。與其說(shuō)他受傷害，不如說(shuō)他受驚嚇。2. not so. as 2. not so. as 和和 not so much.as not so much.as It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.

18、personality.與其說(shuō)我喜歡他的外表，不如說(shuō)我喜歡他的為人。與其說(shuō)我喜歡他的外表，不如說(shuō)我喜歡他的為人。3. not more/-3. not more/-erer than than 與與 no more/-no more/-erer than thanJohn is not better than Tom.John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.又例如：又例如：no richer no richer than=as poor asthan=as poor as

19、 no bigger no bigger than=as small asthan=as small as no no later later than=as early asthan=as early as4. the more. the 4. the more. the more more 與與 more and moremore and moret the more he more 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“越越. . 越越. . ”The older I get, the happier I amThe older I get, the happier I am. .mmore and more ore and more 常用來(lái)表示常用來(lái)表示“越來(lái)越來(lái)越越. . ”John speaks French more and more John