l主謂一致的講解最全面的主謂一致的講解

1、主謂一致的講解主謂一致是指：1）語法形式上要一致，即名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2）意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致1. 由and連接主語時And連接的兩個或多個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時根據(jù)意義或概念確定謂 語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)1）并列主語表示 不同的人、物或概念時謂語動詞用 復(fù)數(shù)Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good stude nts.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of

2、 gold小流浪漢和調(diào)皮的小男孩也趕到那里尋找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2）并列主語表示同一個人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。The professor and writer is speak ing at the meeti ng.那位教授兼作家正在會上發(fā)言A journ alist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新聞記者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律師

3、兼大學(xué)時代的朋友陪他去歐洲旅行The Premier and Foreig n Mini ster was prese nt at the state banq uet.總理兼外長比較：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.但兩個名His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一個人或物時，并列主語前只用一個冠詞，指不

4、同的需要分別加冠詞， 詞具有分別的對立的意思時只需要一個冠詞即可A boy and girl are play ing tennis.3) 并列主語前有each, every, many a , no等修飾時謂語動詞用單數(shù)Each doctor and (each) nurse work ing in the hospital was asked to help patie nts. Every man, woma n and child is en titled to take part in the activity.有權(quán)參力口Every boy and (every) girl admi

5、res him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.沒有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞但是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義翻譯為很多Many a stude nt was disappo in ted after see ing the movie.4) 并列主語為不可分的整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)A law and rule about protect ing en viro nment has be

6、e n draw n up.關(guān)于保護環(huán)境的法律法規(guī)已經(jīng)起草完成。The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已經(jīng)被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history戰(zhàn)爭與和平是歷史永恒的主題 注意;常被視為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 馬車A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法規(guī)A n eedle and thread 一套針線Fish and chips炸魚加炸薯條The stars and stripes 星條旗2. 由(eit

7、her)or或neithernor等連接的主語時由eitheror, neithernor, or, noton lybut(also)連接主語時，謂語動詞陳述句中就近原則Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么簡被派往紐約Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the stude nts like this piece of music. 者 E不喜歡這首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his

8、family were frien dly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is look ing forward to tak ing part in the party.3. 主語由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成謂語跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to an swer the questi onI, not you, am to answer the question.二、單一主語的主謂一致1. 名詞本身自帶s作主語時1) 學(xué)科名詞：physics 物理 mathematics/maths 數(shù)學(xué) economics 經(jīng)濟學(xué) p

9、olitics 政治學(xué) 新聞;news體操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fun dame ntal subject in scie nee.物理是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科 Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的一門必修課 Einstein once said , “ Politics is much more difficult than physics. ” 注意：當mathematics表示運算時 謂語動詞用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可If my mathematics

10、 is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的運算正確，答案就是56The television news is at 7 o 'lock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister ' favourite sport2) 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同行根據(jù)是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念判斷謂語means方式方法aircraft飛機 works 工廠 crossroads 十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 魚This works was build in 1982 這座工廠是By far, three s

11、teelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of tran sport has bee n triedAll possible means have bee n tried3) 由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)chopsticks 筷子compasses 圓規(guī)glasses 眼鏡gloves 手套Jea ns牛仔褲pants褲子scissors 剪子shoes 鞋子shorts短褲socks短襪trousers 褲子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的

12、褲子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果這些詞由單位詞 (a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等)修飾時，單位詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4) 表示國家、人名、書名、組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)The un ited States is a developed countryThe Ne

13、w York Times is widely read in the world.5）以-s結(jié)尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等專有名詞謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants. 植物種類繁多 The Niagara Falls are sple ndid waterfalls.6）以-S結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)belongings 財產(chǎn)clothes 衣服 plasticsearnings 收入goods 貨物leavings 剩余savings 儲存All the goods are very expe nsiv

14、e.2. 集體名詞作主語時1) mankind, humanity,man作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹飪2) people, police, cattle, youth等作主語時，只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動詞用復(fù) 數(shù)The police are in vestigati ng the riot. 正在調(diào)查暴亂事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧場吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族講時有復(fù)

15、數(shù)形式 .如：There are 56 peoples in China3)family, crowd等作主語時，根據(jù)概念確定謂語動詞 這類集體名詞有：Army， assembly 議 會集會 audienee congress議會 youth crew全體工作人員 governmentgroup herd 牧群 jury語強調(diào)個體用復(fù)數(shù)謂語band class club crowd en emy populati onpubliccommitteecompa nyfamily gang 團伙 team強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)謂The family is going to move to New Yor

16、kThe family have differe nt opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arran ges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比較：A family , a group , a class 做主語時用單數(shù)謂語Families, groups, classes 作主語時用復(fù)數(shù)謂語A group is coming to the zoo. 一隊人正朝著動物園走來4） baggage /

17、luggage（行李）,clothing（衣服）,）,machinery（機器）,poetry（詩）,scenery（風(fēng)景）, jewelry（珠寶）,equipment（設(shè)備）等,是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當然更不能用 數(shù)詞）Our clothi ng protects us from agai nst the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒 .Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運了嗎 ？【注】 machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 等相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是machine, poem, jewel

18、,scene等.女口： a poem / a piece of poetry（一首詩）,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery（許多機器）.5）hair的用法hair（頭發(fā)，毛發(fā)）指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為集合名詞（不可數(shù)）；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為個體名詞（可數(shù)）:My hair has grow n very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了.The police fo und two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā).6） fruit的用法fruit（水果）作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的：He doesn

19、' t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果.He is grow ing fruit i n the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果 .但是，當要表示種類時，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit指一種水果,fruits指多種水果.比較:Some fruits have thick ski ns.有些水果皮很厚.3. 非謂語動詞或從句作主語時1）非謂語動詞或從句作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)To improve agricultural la nd n eeds a lot of mon ey.改善耕地質(zhì)量需要投入大量的資金 To see is to believeSwimmi ng is

20、 a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem rema ins to be see nWhether she will come is not known2）多個非謂語動詞作主語，表達一個概念謂語用單數(shù)，表達不同概念謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health. 早睡早起一個概念 Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.讀書和打乒乓球 Listening,

21、 speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with on eself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a pers on三、其他情況的主謂一致1. 表示距離、時間、長度、金額、質(zhì)量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時常被看作是整體謂語動詞用單 數(shù)這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms 公斤千克,kilometres 公里,centimetres，厘米millimetres 毫米,sec on ds, hours, years

22、 等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一個公道的價格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2. 如果強調(diào)數(shù)目謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)One hun dred cents make a dollarMore tha n twenty years have passed since they got married.3. 算數(shù)中的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，有時也用復(fù)數(shù)Five times eight is/are for

23、tyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty mi nus seve n leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)Everyone someth ing an ybody no whereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListe n! Some one is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the n ews?5. each o

24、ne of, every one of, anyone of, one of,等作主語時謂語用單數(shù)Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我們班每個女孩都有一個氣球Each of the stude nts was asked to speak for three minu tes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我對他們都很熟悉6. each , every作形容詞修飾主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)但是each作復(fù)數(shù)主語的同位語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Each/Every boy in our class has a ska

25、teboard 一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every stude nt has an En glish-Chi nese diet ionaryThe stude nts each have an En glish-Chi nese diet ionary7.none of +不可數(shù)名詞 謂語用單數(shù)none of,neither of, +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)代詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可數(shù)名詞None of his classmates knows t

26、he truth.= None of his classmates know the truthNeither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 兩種說法沒有一個真實Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8. neither與either做形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)|Either qualification is acceptable兩種資格中的任何一種都可以

27、接受Neither qualification is acceptable9. 分數(shù)百分數(shù) + of + 名詞，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of)謂語常與of后面的名詞一致分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+ of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)代詞 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+ of +單數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)代詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞Two thirds of the students support the plan 復(fù)數(shù)名詞One tenth of them are sufferi ng from this

28、 kind of ill ness. 復(fù)數(shù)代詞Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 單數(shù)名詞Eighty perce nt of the employees in the compa ny are from Beiji ng百分數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分數(shù)單數(shù)名詞The rest of the money bel ongs to you The rest of the stude nts speak for it.Half of the apple i

29、s rotte nHalf of the apples are rotte n10. more()than one結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時More()than one+單數(shù)名詞 謂語用單數(shù)More +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one謂語用復(fù)數(shù)More than two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses tha n one have bloomed in the garde nMore than two white roses have bloomed 兩個以上的的白玫瑰開了11. a

30、number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 許多的The number of +名詞 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的數(shù)量A nu mber of trees are gree n in AprilA great nu mber of tourists have bee n to the Great WallA large nu mber of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The nu mber of stude nts in the computer class is limited to ten. T

31、he nu mber of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here引導(dǎo)句子時就近原則There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13當主語后接修飾語時With, along with, together with, but, besides, except

32、, like,including,in addition to, aswell as,rather than,謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致A library with five thousa nd books is offered to the nation as a gift被作為禮物送給了這個國家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 聽報告A peasa nt, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一個人外所有人都到了No one except two stude nts was late for class.再沒有其