2022年被動語態(tài)語法知識點精講.

1、學習必備精品知識點被動語態(tài)語法知識點精講 : 一、不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài): appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結束 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. after the fire, very little remained of my house. 比較:rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞 ; rais

2、e, seat是及物動詞。(錯 the price has been risen. ( 對 the price has risen. (錯 the accident was happened last week.(對 the accident happened last week. (2 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to

3、, take part in, walk into, belong to this key just fits the lock. your story agrees with what had already been heard. (3 系動詞無被動語態(tài) : appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn it sounds good. (4 帶同源賓語的及物動詞 ,反身代詞 ,相互代詞 ,不能用于被動語態(tài) : die, death, dr

4、eam, live, life she dreamed a bad dream last night. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點(5 當賓語是不定式時 ,很少用于被動語態(tài)。(對 she likes to swim. (錯 to swim is liked by her. 二、主動形式表示被動意義(1wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell,

5、drivethe book sells well.這本書銷路好。 this knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。(2blame, let(出租 , remain, keep, rent, build i was to blame for the accident. much work remains. (3 在 need, require, want, worth ( 形容詞 , deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. this room needs cleanin

6、g. 這房間應該打掃一下。this book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。(4 特殊結構 :make sb. heard / understood ( 使別人能聽見 /理解自己 , have sth. done ( 要某 人做某事 。三、被動形式表示主動意義be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from, be finished, be prepared (for, be occupied (in, get marries he is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學

7、。注意:表示同某人結婚 ,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 都可。he married a rich girl. he got married to a rich girl. 四、 need/want/require/worth 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點注意:當 need, want, require, worth( 形容詞 后面接 doing 也可以表示被動。your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了

8、。 the floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。 the book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。育才初中 8b 語法之被動語態(tài)講解一、 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的概念: 英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種 : 主動語態(tài) :表示 主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài) :表示 主語是動作的承受者 (常常沒在有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者情況下使用 例:they speak english. ( 主動語態(tài)主 謂 賓(被動語態(tài)主 謂 介詞短語注:及物動詞有被動語態(tài) ,不及物動詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動語態(tài)。例: we listen tothe teacher carefully in cl

9、ass. 主 謂 賓 the teacher is listened toby us carefully in class.主 謂 介詞短語二、 被動語態(tài)的結構與用法 : 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點結構 :be +done ( 過去分詞被動語態(tài)中的 be 為助動詞 ,無意義。 be 可能是 am , is , are也可能是 was ,were或原形 be 。 注: 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由 be 的時態(tài)決定的 , be 是什么時態(tài) ,全句就是什么時態(tài) , be

10、 后 面的過去分詞不變。用法 : 例:h istory is made by the people. ( 一般現(xiàn)在時t he cars were made in tianjing in 1995. ( 一般過去時 the tree will be cut down next year.( 一般將來時t he room must be kept clean.( 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) the door is being opened.( 現(xiàn)在進行時 the film has been seen by me.( 現(xiàn)在完成時注:我們初中主要掌握前面四種的用法時 態(tài) 動詞的被動形式 例 句一般現(xiàn)在時

11、is donehe is asked to do this. 一般過去時 was donethe story was told by her mother. 一般將來時 will be donethe problem will be discussed tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在進行時 is being donethe novel is being written. 過去進行時 was being doneat that time the desk was being made. 現(xiàn)在完成時 has been donethe house has been built. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d

12、 f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點過去完成時 had been donethey said that their work had been finished. 過去將來時 would be donehe said the trees would be planted soon. 三、 被動語態(tài)的各種句型 : 1、 t he song is liked by young people. ( 肯定句2、 t he song isn t liked by young people(否定句3、

13、is the song liked by young people ?( 一般疑問句4、 who is the song liked by ?=by whom is the song liked?( 特殊疑問句四、 主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法: 方法分為三步 :把原句中的 賓語改成主語動詞改為變動形式 be done( 同時注意時態(tài)原來的主語如果需要的話放在介詞 by 后面,以指明做事的人或物 ,如果沒有必要則省去例:the man killed a tiger. a tiger was killed by the man .(改的過程中要注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面五、 特殊句型的被動語態(tài) : 含有

14、 使役動詞 (make /let /have 或感官動詞 (hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等 的句子 ,在主動語態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶 to 的動詞不定式 ,但是在 改成被動語態(tài)時 , 則 一定要把省去的 to 再加上去 , 另外 help 這一個詞在主動語態(tài)中后面的動詞不定式可以帶 to, 也可不帶 to, 但在 被動語態(tài) 中也 必須把 to 加上去 。精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點例: moth

15、er often makes me do some housework. i am often made to do some housework by mother. we saw him run into the classroom. he was seen to run into the classroom by us. teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell 等動詞常常 帶有兩個賓語 (雙賓語 :直接賓語和間接賓 語 ,改為被動語態(tài)時 ,兩個賓語可以選其中任一個作主語。如果直接賓語被提前作主語 , 那么間接賓語 (一般是人前要加相應的介詞 to/for。例

16、:s he gave me a pen.= she gave a pen to me. i was given a pen by her. a pen was given to me by her. my father bought me a new bike.= my father bought a new bike for me. i was bought a new bike by my father. a new bike was bought for me by my father. 由不及物動詞 (vi +介詞 /副詞+賓語的句子改成被動語態(tài)時, 介詞或副詞不能丟掉。 (前 面已舉

17、過兩例例:w e should speak to old people politely. old people should be spoken to politely ( by us. he took away the box. the box was taken away by him. 含有賓語補足語的句子改為變動語態(tài)。 (賓補放在原來位置不變精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點例: we call him xiao ma. 主 謂 賓 賓補h e is c

18、alled xiao maby us. he found the book very interesting. the book was found very interesting by him.六、被動語態(tài)的用法(1不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如:some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 (不知道電腦是誰偷的this book was published in 1981. 這本書出版于 1981年。(2強調(diào)動作的承受者 ,而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如:the window was broken by mike.

19、窗戶是邁克打破的。this book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8小時睡眠必須得到保證。歌訣:誰做的動作不知道 ,說出誰做的沒有必要 ; 動作承受者需強調(diào) ,被動語態(tài)運用到。七、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2把謂語變成被動結構 (be+過去分詞精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點(根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里

20、的主語的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定 be 的形式 。(3把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞 by 之后作賓語 ,將主格改為賓格。例如 : all the people laughed at him. he was laughed at by all people. they make the bikes in the factory. the bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是 :賓變主 ,主變賓 , by 短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動 , be 后“ 過分” 來使用。八、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時,由“

21、 情態(tài)動詞 +be +過去分詞 ” 構成,原來帶to 的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“ to ”仍要保留。歌訣是 :情態(tài)動詞變動 ,情態(tài)加 be 加“ 過分” , 原來帶 to 要保留。例如 : we can repair this watch in two days. this watch can be repaired in two days. you ought to take it away. it ought to be taken away. they should do it at once. it should be done at once. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - -

22、 - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點九、被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式(1有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用于被動結構時 ,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z ,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例:his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (2當“ 動詞 +賓語 +賓語補足語 ” 結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時 ,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主

23、語, 其余不動。例 someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (3 在使役動詞 have , make,get 以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作賓語補語時, 在主動結構中不定式 to 要省略, 但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時, 要加 to 。 例 someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 a stranger was seen to walk

24、 into the building. (4 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“ 動詞+介詞” , “動詞+副詞” 等,也可以用于被動結構 ,但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例 the meeting is to be put off till friday. 十、 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài) (一般時態(tài)和完成 時態(tài)例:i dont like being laughed at in the public. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - -

25、 - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例 i dont like being laughed at in the public. 十一、 it is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示 “ 據(jù)說” 或“ 相信” 的動詞 : believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “ it +be + 過去分詞 +that 從句” 或“ 主語+be +過去分詞 +to do sth. ” 。 有: it

26、is said that:據(jù)說 , it is reported that:據(jù)報道 , it is believed that:大家相信 , it is hoped that, 大家希望 , it is well known that,眾所周知 , it is suggested that, 據(jù)建議。例 it is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=the boy is said to have passed the national exam. 十二、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1. 英語中有很多動詞 : break , c

27、atch , clean , drive , lock , open , sell , read , write , wash 等,當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達被動意義 , 主語通常 是物。例 :this kind of cloth washes well. 注意:主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比較:the door wont lock. (指門本身有毛病精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點

28、the door wont be locked. ( 指不會有人來鎖門 , 指“ 門沒有鎖 ” 是人的原因2. 表示“ 發(fā)生、進行 ” 的不及物動詞和短語 , 如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 :how do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢? 3. 系動詞沒有被動形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, fee

29、l 等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例 :your reason sounds reasonable 拼搏創(chuàng)造奇跡，激情成就夢想！十三、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。 1在 need ，want，require, bear 等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例:the house needs repairing （to be repaired ） 這房子需要修理。 2 形容詞 worth 后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式； worthy 而 后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

30、例:the picture-book is well worth reading （the picture-book is very worthy to be read ） 3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例: i have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 與 things 是動賓關系， 與 i 是主謂關系。 試比較： i ll go to the post office. do you have a letter to be posted

31、? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you 不是 post 動作的執(zhí)行者。 4. 在某些 “ 形容詞不定式 ” 做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有 nice， easy， fit ，hard，difficult ，important，impossible，pleasant ，interesting 等。 例 this problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）. 5在 too, to, 結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以

32、應用主動形式表示被動意義。例:this book is too expensive (for me 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點to buy. 6. 在 there be,句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定 語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例:there is no time to lose （to be lost）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost，誰 lost time

33、不明確。 ）7. 在 be to do 結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而 ,由于古英語 的影響 ,下列動詞 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例:who is to blame for starting the fire? 十四、介詞 in, on, under 等+名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義 表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞” 結構，“ 某事在進行中 ” 常見的有： 表示 。 under control （受控制） under , tr

34、eatment （在治療中） ,under repair （在修理中） , under discussion （在討論中） , under construction（在施工中） 。 例 the building is under construction( is being constructed. 2 “beyond+ 名詞” 結構， “ 出乎 , 勝過, 、范圍、限度 ” 。 常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信， beyond one s reach（鞭長莫及） ，beyond one s control（無法控制） ，beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。

35、例:the rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed） 3. “above+名詞” 結構, 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等 超過, 、高于 , ” 。 例 his honest character is above all praise =his honest character cannot be praised enough 4 “for+ 名詞” 結構，表示 “ 適于, 、為著 , ” 。如：for sale(出售, for rent（出租） do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you re

36、solved to effort. ( shakespeare 不要只因一次挫敗，就放棄你原來決心想達到的目的。 （莎士比亞）拼搏創(chuàng)造奇跡，激情成就夢想！等。 例:that house is for sale. (= that house is to be sold. 5 “in+ 名詞” 結構，表示 “ 在, 過程中或范圍內(nèi) ” 常見的有： in print（在印 刷中） ，in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi)，等。例:the book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed 6 “on+ 名詞 ” 結構, 表示“ 在從事 , 中” 。常見的有： on sa

37、le(出售，on show（展出） , on trial（受審） 。 例:today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed. 7 “out of+ 名詞” 結構；表示 “ 超出, 之外“ ， 常見的有： out of control (控制不了， out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著, out of fashion(不流行等。 例:the plane was out of control (cant be controlled 。精品學習資料 可選擇p d f

38、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 頁，共 14 頁 - - - - - - - - -學習必備精品知識點8 “within+ 名詞” 結構， “ 在, 內(nèi)、不超過 , ” 。 例 he took two days off within the teachers permission 育才初中英語 8b 被動語態(tài)配套練習一、單項選擇。 ( 1. one or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year. a. have been sent up b. will be sent up c. is sent

39、up d. are sent up ( 2. our tv set _ yesterday. a. is repaired b. was repaired c. had been repaired ( 3. a new building _ in our school next year. a. will be built b. is built c. is being built d. would be repaired d. has been built ( 4. many books on science _ since i went to college. a. were bought

40、 b. have been bought c, will be bought ( 5. i promise that matter will _. a. be taken care b. be taken care of d. are bought c. take care d. take care of ( 6. how _ the great pyramid (金字塔_ many years ago without modern machines. a. i sbuilt b. wouldbe built c. havebeen built d. wasbuilt ( 7.food and

41、 clothes _ by women. a is often talk about b. are often talked do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. ( shakespeare 不要只因一次挫敗，就放棄你原來決心想達到的目的。（莎士比亞）拼搏創(chuàng)造奇跡，激情成就夢想！ c. are often talked about d. often talked about ( 8. _ the work _ yet ? a. isfinished b. willbe finished c

42、. has been finished d. wouldbe finished ( 9.such films _ by children like you. a. must be not seen b. must not be see c. must not seen d. must not be seen ( 10.trees _ in winter but in spring. a. not can be planted b. can be not planted c. cant be planted d. can not be plant ( 11.this kind of cars _

43、 in japan ten years ago. a. can only be made b. could only made c. be could only made d. could only be made ( 12.jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others. a. islaughed b. is laughed at c. waslaughed d. hasbeen laughed at ( 13.the bear _ to the zoo tomorrow morning. a. may be s

44、end b. may is sent c. may be sent d. is may sent ( 14. in the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city. . a. are put up b. have put up c. have been put d. have been put up ( 15. such films _ by children like you. a. must be not seen b. must not be see c. must not seen d. must not be seen 二、用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。 1. some top students _(send to study in foreign countries o