Unit1-Grammarandusage學(xué)案正式版

1、備課2015年 2月 25日上課第周周時(shí)間時(shí)間月日課題名稱Unit 1 Grammar (1)課型新授課課時(shí)No.1學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Help the students learn vt. and vi.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)The differences between vt. and vi.學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)Use the usages into practice.學(xué)法指導(dǎo)Review, practice and read.【導(dǎo)學(xué)過程 】（學(xué)習(xí)方式，學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，學(xué)習(xí)程序，問題）個(gè)案補(bǔ)充課堂合作探究動(dòng)詞種類一英語(yǔ)中表示動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài) 的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，即：實(shí)義 /行為動(dòng)詞（ National Ve

2、rb ）、系動(dòng)詞（ Linking Verb ）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ Modal Verb ）、助動(dòng)詞（ Auxiliary Verb ）。說(shuō)明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如：We are having a meeting.我們正在開會(huì)。(having 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 )He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。(has 是助動(dòng)詞。 )二 行為 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞vt. （ Transitive V erb）、不及物動(dòng)詞vi. （ I ntransitive V erb）。動(dòng)詞 是英語(yǔ)句子的 核心 ,使用時(shí)必須注意它有 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣 的變化

3、！即：動(dòng)詞注意時(shí)、語(yǔ)、氣。 它既決定著句子意思的表達(dá)同時(shí)又決定著句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢娧芯縿?dòng)詞的用法在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中是十分重要的。1. 分清及物不及物 :分清及物不及物是在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題。它通常有以下幾種情況：（ 1）及物動(dòng)詞后面直接跟賓語(yǔ) ,可以是 名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。可以用于： " 主謂賓 "；" 主謂雙賓 " ；" 主謂賓賓補(bǔ) " 結(jié)構(gòu) 。如：HereachedParis the day before yesterday.My motherboughtmea (new) mobile phone on

4、my birthday.TheymakeTV <accessible to people (who live far away from cities)>.No onecan foreseewhat the future will be.(2) 不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),只用于 " 主謂 " 結(jié)構(gòu) ,后面通常接 介詞短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Many challengeslie ahead of us.This is the room (where his father once lived).(3) 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞， 其意義不變 。如 : be

5、gin 都是作 "開始 "講。 Everybody, our game begins(vi.).Let us begin(vt.) our game.contribute 意為 “貢獻(xiàn)、捐獻(xiàn) ”。Many people contributed(vi.) to the development of TV.They contributed(vt.) much money to the Project Hope.(4) 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義；而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如： grow vi.生長(zhǎng)vt.種植；The

6、flowers (in our garden) grow (vi) well.我們花園里的花生長(zhǎng) 得好。Peoplegrowrice in my hometown.我們家鄉(xiāng) 種植 水稻。類似的動(dòng)詞還有 beat vi. 跳動(dòng) vt. 敲、打 ;playvi. 玩耍vt. 打（牌、球） ,演奏；smellvi. 發(fā)出（氣味）vt. 嗅；ringvi. （電話、鈴）響，vt.打電話；speakvi. 講話；vt. 說(shuō)（語(yǔ)言）；hangvi. 懸掛vt.絞死；operatevi. 動(dòng)手術(shù)；vt. 操作等。四注意辨別表動(dòng)作 與表 結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞。表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，不涉及該動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。如：He l

7、ooked at the blackboard, but he saw nothing.She listened to the teacher, but she heard nothing.前一句中的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)" 看 "這一動(dòng)作；而后一句中的動(dòng)詞表示"看到 " 這一結(jié)果。類似的有： look for 與 find; try to do sth. 與 manage to do sth.；advise 與 persuade 等。五注意 瞬間動(dòng)詞 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 的區(qū)別。(1) 瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài) 不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞：arrive, bo

8、rrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit,leave, lend,die, marry , open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw。He left here ten years ago. He has been away for ten years.They got married three years ago. They have been married for three years.(2) 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；其一般過去時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

9、He once worked in Parisfor five years .六連系動(dòng)詞1. 表狀態(tài) 的連系動(dòng)詞。(1) be 動(dòng)詞。如： He is a good teacher. They are good workers.(2) remain 仍然（是） , prove 證明（是）， keep 保持， stand(位于 ),lie( 位于 ),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own. 等。It willstay cold for another three days.2表示動(dòng)作或變化的連系動(dòng)詞，是由行為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的。一般

10、在這些連系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)如：His hair grows grey.這類連系動(dòng)詞還有: get, turn, become, go, fall, grow等。3. 感官動(dòng)詞： sound, look, smell, taste, feel 等。4. 表示 “顯得 ”或 “似乎 ”等。 appear, seem.He appears stupid. 他顯得笨 (實(shí)際上不笨 ) 。七根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：?jiǎn)巫謩?dòng)詞（One-Word Verb）、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（ Phrasal Verb）、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（ Verbal Phrase）例如：(1)The English language

11、 contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英語(yǔ)里有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。（contains 是單字動(dòng)詞。 ）(2) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。 （ look up是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。）(3)The young ought to take care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。 （ take care of 是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。）八動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)：原形（ Original Form ）、第三人稱單數(shù)形式（ Singular From i

12、n Third Personal ）、過去式（ Past Form）、過去分詞（ Past Participle）、現(xiàn)在分詞（ Present Participle）。如： work-works-worked-worked-working; do-does-did-done-doing.九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法 的動(dòng)詞，它本身有一定的詞義 ,但必須與行為動(dòng)詞原形 連用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情感色彩 ，認(rèn)為其 可能 、應(yīng)該或必要 等。如： can, may, must, could, might, shall, should 等。十助動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成一定的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)或否定、

13、疑問句式的輔助性動(dòng)詞 。1. be： am, is, are, was, were, been, being.(1)They are watching TV. (are表示 “正在 ”，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) ).(2) I have been to Beijing. (been表示 “過 ”，構(gòu)成 完成 時(shí)態(tài) )(3)Is she learning Japanese? (is 表示 “正在 ”，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行 時(shí)態(tài)的問句形式).(4)Was he killed in the war? (was 表示 “被 ”，構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般問句形式)2. do: did, does.(1) Do you

14、know? (do 表示 “嗎 ”，構(gòu)成 一般問句 形式 )(2) She didn knowt. (do 是助動(dòng)詞與 not 一起構(gòu)成 否定 形式 )(3) Does he know? Yes, he does. (does 是助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 一般問句 形式與肯定回答 )。3. have： have, has, had.(1)I have finished my homework already. (have 表示 “已經(jīng) ”，構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) )(2)She hasncomet back yet.(has 與 not 表示 “還沒有 ”，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定式 )(3)Had he kn

15、own the secret before you came?(had 與 known 表示 “知道嗎 ”，構(gòu)成 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的一般問句形式 )課堂自主檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)落實(shí) .用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1 I found the teacher _(sit) there ， lost in reading.2 He noticed his mother _(seat) at the back of the classroom.3 The book is _(lie) on the desk.4 The book _(lay) on the ground is lost.5 The leaves are _

16、 (fall) ， which is beautiful. .單項(xiàng)填空1Children under six are not _ to school except those of extraordinary intelligence.A permittedB admittedCacceptedD received2 The folk song concert was so well _ that all the tickets had been sold out on thefirst day.A acceptedB recognizedCreceivedD promised3 In jus

17、t a decade ， the company has been _ from a family business to a largeoperation.A transformedB transmittedCtransferredD transported4 The middle- aged man said he would accept the job ， so we asked him to _ hisacceptance in writing.A confirmB conveyCconvinceD consider5Just as Professor Scotti often _

18、it ，success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.A getsB makesCputsD means6 Will $200 _ the cost of the damage? I m afraid not.I need at least $100 more.A doB includeCcoverD afford7 Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldn tto the suddenchange of the climate.A suitB keepCadaptD switc

19、h8 Susan was just _ at those pigeons at the time， so I don t think she saw me.A spottingB watchingCglaringD staring9 Bob failed in the exam again. He _ it ； he never worked hard.A deservedB succeededCmissedD considered10 I think you _ very badly toward your mother.A observedB respectedCbehavedD perf

20、ormed11 I am delighted to _ your acquaintance ，Mr.Baker.A putB makeCtakeD have12When my grandpa was young ，he had to _ several miles a day to school sincehe had no money to take a bus.A coverB takeCgetD make13 Peter didn t do his homework and then he _ a silly excuse to his teacher.A madeB hadCfoundD took14 They haven t formally_ their e