人教版英語八年級下冊Unit1知識點知識講解

1、Unit 1A1.advice n. 建議，忠告，勸告(1) advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一條建議” “兩條建議”“一些建議”可用： a piece of advice； two piece of advice； some advice(2) advice 作名詞時的常用搭配： ask sb. for advice征詢某人的建議 give sb. SOme advice= give SOme advice to S給某人提出一些建議 give advice OnSth在某方面給出建議 take (follow) On e'advice接受某人的建議e.g. He Often gi

2、ves us sOme advice.=He Often gives sOme advice tO us. 他經(jīng)常給我們一些建議。例題： Your is very helpful. I guess I'll take it.A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose答案：B 秘密；建議；承諾；目標。由下句“我想我會采納?！笨芍澳愕慕?議很有用”。2. What S the matter?怎么了 ？(1)該句用來詢問對方所遇到的麻煩， 或醫(yī)生及護士詢問病人身體情況， 常與 with連用，后跟sb./sth.，意為“某人或某物怎么了 ？”e.g.W

3、hat' S the matter (With you)?你)怎么了 ？I lost my pen./I have a cold. 我把我的鋼筆弄丟了。/我感冒了。(2)“(你)怎么了 ?”各種常見表達：What'Sthe matter (with you)?=What'Sthe trouble (with you)?=What'Sthe problem(with you)?=What'Swrong (with you)?=What'S up?=What happened?例題： Nick iS not at School. ?He haS a

4、cold.A. Who'S that B. What'S the matterC. How old iS he D. How much iS it 答案： B 句意： Nick 沒來上學(xué)。怎么回事 ? 他感冒了。 此類句型中， matter， problem 前需加定冠詞 the， trouble 前可加 the 或形容詞 性物主代詞； wrong 是形容詞，其前不加任何修飾詞。 此類句型中， what 即為句子主語，本身構(gòu)成陳述語序，故當句子以賓語從句 身份出現(xiàn)時，不可將 be移至the matter/trouble/problem之后。3. have a StOmaChaC

5、he 胃疼(1)have +a( n)+名詞，表示患某種病e.g. have a cold感冒have a toothache牙疼have a fever 發(fā)燒have a headache疼拓展：SOre與Pain也可用于表示疾病的短語e.g. have a sore throat(backknee)嗓子疼(背疼/膝蓋疼 )have a Pain in the back(footk nee)背疼(腳疼 / 膝蓋疼)StOmaChaChe可數(shù)名詞，意為“胃疼；腹疼”，是由名詞StOmaCh(W;腹部)加 ache疼痛)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞?！吧眢w部位+ache”構(gòu)成疾病名稱headache頭疼too

6、thache 牙疼backache 背疼例題： Mom ， I . I 'm rSroy to hear that， dear. We muSt go to See the dentiSt right away.A. have a headache B. have a Stomachache C. have a toothache答案：C 由下文“dentist”可知孩子牙疼。4. foot n. 腳foot 作為可數(shù)名詞用，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 feet。e.g. ThiS kind of an imal has four feet 這種動物有四只腳。(1) 與foot變復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式相似的

7、詞還有：tooth-teeth牙齒goose-geese鵝(2) on foot 步行，固定短語，相當于 walk。e.g. We Came here on foot.=We WaIked her我們走著來這兒的。5. fever n. 發(fā)燒e.g. Tom has a feve湯姆發(fā)燒了。(1) have a fever=have a temperature=r Un a feve發(fā)燒e.g. I had a temperature last ni gh 昨乍晚我發(fā)燒了。例題： Nancy took her temPerature and found she had a .A. cough

8、B. toothache C. cold D. fever答案:D 由上文“南希量了一下體溫”可知發(fā)現(xiàn)她發(fā)燒了。(2) 拓展：have a high temperature/feve發(fā)高燒 6.lie v. 躺，平躺(1)lie 的各種含義： lie v.躺，位于，平放 lay-la in-Iyi nge.g. You should lie dow n 你應(yīng)該躺下。HiS school lies in the north of the City 他的學(xué)校位于城北。 lie v.說謊 lied-lied-lyinge.g. He ofte n lies他經(jīng)常說謊 lie n.謊言lies(復(fù)數(shù))

9、e.g. He often tells lies 他經(jīng)常說謊。例題： Look， there is a wallet on the playground.A. lieB. lyingC. layD. lain答案:B There bedoing sth.為固定句式，lie躺，位于，平放，其現(xiàn)在分詞是 lying。(2)拓展： lay v. 下蛋，放置e.g. The hens Iay a IOt Of eggs every da母 雞每天下很多蛋。PIeaSe lay the table before dinne飯前請擺好餐具。7. rest v. & n. 放松；休息(1) rest

10、作及物動詞，意為“使休息”，作不及物動詞，意為“休息”。e.g. You should rest your eyes after a lot of read in 在大量閱讀之后，你應(yīng)該休息一 下你的眼睛。I'm tired，and I Want to rest我累了，我想休息。(2) rest也可以作名詞，have/take a rest=havetake a break意為“休息一下”。e.g. StUde nts have a rest/break after each less學(xué)生 們每節(jié)課后都休息一下。8. feel v. 摸起來(1) feel常用作系動詞，其后跟形容詞作表

11、語。其主要用法有： 表示某物摸起來給人的感覺，通常要以被摸之物作主語，不可用于進行時態(tài)。e.g. Your hand feels cold你的手摸起來很涼。Silk feels soft and smooth絲綢摸起來柔軟平滑。 表示某人的感覺，以人作主語，可用于進行時態(tài)。e.g. I feel fine./l'm feeling fine.我感覺良好。/我現(xiàn)在感覺良好。(2) 歸納：常用的感官動詞:feel摸起來，look看起來，sou nd聽起來，taste嘗起來， smell 聞起來。拓展：feel like +n.意為“摸起來像”e.g. ThiS wallet feels l

12、ike IeatherJ這個錢包摸起來像是皮的。例題： This bed soft and comfortable.A. sounds B. tastes C. feels D. smells答案： C 句意:這張床摸起來柔軟而且舒服。9. without prep. 沒有，缺乏(1)without 后接名詞、代詞賓格或 v.-ing 作賓語，其反義詞為 with。e.g. We got there without any trouble.我們到了那兒，一路上沒遇到任何麻煩。Can you finish your homework without him?沒有他你能完成你的家庭作業(yè)嗎 ?She

13、 left the room without saying a word.她一句話沒有說就離開了房間。例題： The “ teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams teachers. Students must be more honest.A. withoutB. against C. through D. by答案： A 沒有；反對；通過；被。由后句“學(xué)生們必須更加誠實” ，可知“ teacher-free exam”意思是沒有老師監(jiān)考的測試。拓展：WithOUt用于否定句，還可以表示條件，意為“如果沒有”，相當于if

14、引導(dǎo)的否定條件句。e.g. We COuIdntliVe WithOUt air.=We couldn 'live if there Weren'tair.如果沒有空氣，我們就不能活。例題： Wyour help, I couldn'have PaSSed the exam.答案:WithOUt句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我不能通過考試。10. hurt v.(使)疼痛；受傷(1) hurt-hurt(過去式)-hurt(過去分詞)(2) hurt作及物動詞，表示“使疼痛，受傷；使不快”，后接賓語。e.g. You hurt her feeli ngs because yo

15、u forgot her birthday.你傷了她的感情因為你忘記了她的生日。A boy hurt himself in P.E. class一個男孩在體育課上傷著自己了。(3) hurt作不及物動詞，表示“感到疼痛”。e.g. My feet hurt.我腳疼。11. Whe n the driver SaW an old man IyingOn the Side of the road.，就在此時司機看到一位老人躺在路邊。When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，除常常有“當時”之意外，放在過去進行時構(gòu)成的主句之后，還以為“就在此時 /那時； 突然” 相當于 at this/that time。e.g.

16、 He WaS just gett ing into the ShOWer Whe n the teleph Onerang.他正要去沐浴間，這時(突然)電話響了起來。例題： They Were playing SOCCer on the PIaygrOUndthe storm came.A. as soon as B. as long as C. Whe n D. while答案:C 句意：他們正在操場上踢足球，這時暴風雨來了。表示某一個動作正在 進行時，另一個動作突然發(fā)生，應(yīng)用When,意為“在那時”。辨析： See sb. doing Sth看見某人正在做某事(看見動作正在進行)e.g.

17、 I SaW him playing the Piano in the music room just now. 我剛剛看見他正在音樂室彈鋼琴。 See sb. do Sth看見某人做某事(看見動作全過程或經(jīng)常性的動作)e.g. I ofte n See him play basketball after school.我經(jīng)?？匆娝艑W(xué)后打籃球。拓展：v. +sb. +doing/do的常見動詞：一感(feel),二聽(IiSten to, hear),四看(see, look at, watch, notice)例題 1: I See there two boys(PaSS) my hous

18、e every day.答案:PaSS句意：每天我都會看見這兩個男孩經(jīng)過我的房子。See sb. do Sthe為“看 見某人做某事”例題 2:1 tried to make Aliceher mind but I found it difficult.Well， I SaW youthat When I Went past.A. Changed; do B. Changes doing C. Change to doD.change； doing 答案 :D 句意：我盡力使艾麗斯改變她的主意，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難。哦，但我經(jīng)過的時候，我看到你正在那樣做。make sb. do Sth使某人做某事；S

19、ee sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事。12. get off 下車（1）get off的反義短語是get on “上車”。e.g. DOn'get on the No.8 bus不要上 8路公交車。He got off at Gua ngmi ng Road 他在光明路下車了。拓展：get的相關(guān)短語：get UP起床get on登上（公共汽車、火車等）get off下（公共汽車、火車、飛機）get in 進入（小汽車、出租車 ）get out of從（小汽車、出租車等）下來例題： Steven， we should the bus at the next stoP.A.

20、 get uPB. get offC. get toD. get in答案 :B 句意“斯蒂文，我們應(yīng)該在下一站下車” 。13. to one's surPrise 讓某人吃驚的是e.g. To his SUrPriSe the plan SuCCeedee讓他吃驚的是，那個計劃成功了。SUrPriSe及其派生詞的相關(guān)用法： SUrPriSe 動詞 SUrPriSe sb.e.g. I don 'twa nt to SUrPriSe her我 不想讓她驚訝。 SUrPriSe 名詞 to one'ssUrprise, give sb. a SUrPriSe in SUr

21、PriSee.g. Let's give Mom a SUrPriSe咱們給媽媽一個驚喜吧！ SUrPriSing形容詞常修飾物e.g. What SUrPriSing news多么令人驚訝的消息呀！ SUrPriSed 形容詞 常用人作主語，be SUrPriSed at sth. be SUrPriSed to do sth. be SUrPriSed that-e.g. I WaS SUrPriSed at the n ew我 對這個消息感到意外。 SUrPriS in gly 副詞e.g. She looked SUrPriSi ngly wel I她看上去身體出奇地好。例題：

22、 How waS yoUr life in England?QUite different from here. , PeoPle there drink tea with milk.A. In my oPinionB. To my SUrPriSeC. At the beginning答案:B 在我看來；使我吃驚的是；at the begi nning （of）在（的）開始。由語 境可知，使我吃驚的是人們喝茶加牛奶。14. troUble n. 問題；苦惱troUble 常用作不可數(shù)名詞，相當于 diffiCUlty ，意為“困難；苦惱” ，常用短語及 句式：（1）get （sb.） int

23、o troUble意為“（使某人）陷入困境”。e.g. If I don'tCloCk in before 9， I'll get into troUble！我要是9點前沒有上班打卡，我就會遇到麻煩的。(2) be in trouble意為“陷入困境中”。e.g. NOW he is in trouble, We should go all Out to help him.現(xiàn)在他遇到了麻煩，我們應(yīng)該全力以赴去幫助他。(3) have trouble/difficulty/problems With sth.=have trouble/difficulty/problems (i

24、 n)doing Sth表示“做某事有困難”。e.g. HiS son had trouble CIimbing UP the hill.他兒子爬這座山很困難。What'the trouble (With you)?(你)怎么了 ？例題：Sally is my best friend. She is alwaysthere Whenever I ' m.Yeah. A frie nd in n eed is a frie nd in deed.A. i n orderB. i n troubleC. i n PUbIiC答案:B按順序；深陷困境；在公共場合。根據(jù)最后一句“患難中

25、的朋友才是真 正的朋友”可知每當“我”身陷困境時，朋友總是在幫助“我”。(5)拓展：trouble動詞，表示“使煩惱，使憂慮；麻煩”。e.g. Could I trouble you to open the door能麻煩你開一下門嗎？15. hit v.(用手或器具)擊；打(1) hit-hit(過去式)-hit(過去分詞)-hitting(現(xiàn)在分詞)e.g. The boy hit the dog With a sto ne那男孩用一塊石頭打那只狗。(2) hit后接人或物的部位時，常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：hit sb./sth. on/in +咅E位e.g. She hit him on the

26、head With her UmbreIIa她用雨傘打他的頭。注意：打在人體硬部位上用用介詞on,軟部位上用介詞in ,且結(jié)構(gòu)中的定冠詞通常不可用物主代詞代替。例題： Don't play near the Window. The broken glass may打到你的頭).答案：hit you on the head.16. right away 立即；馬上right away的同義詞和同義短語分別是 immediately和right now/at once。e.g. He Set off right away heari ng the n ews聽 至 U那個消息，他立即動身了

27、。例題： My father will leave for En gla nd at once.A. right away B. at times C. on time D. just now答案：A馬上；有時；按時；剛才。句意：我父親將馬上離開去英國。1. taketo帶去e.g. DOn 'worry. I Will take you to the bus stop.別擔心，我將帶你去公共汽車站。（1）辨析： bring帶來（帶到說話人的地方）e.g. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow. 記得明天把你的作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校

28、來。 take拿走（拿到遠離說話人的地方）e.g. Please take the books to the classroom.請把這些書拿到教室去。 Carry扛，搬（任何方向）e.g. Please carry the bag to my office. 請把這個袋子扛到我辦公室。 fetch去取來，去拿來（往返取物）e.g. Don'tworry. I can fetch the key. 別著急，我能把鑰匙拿來。例題： My parents usually me that park when I was young. Wealways enjoyed ourselves th

29、ere.A. took；toB. fetched；fromC. brought；toD. carried；from答案:A 從說話處帶到別的地方；去 ?。粡膭e處帶到說話人的地方； 從搬。（2）take的其他常用含義： take表示“乘坐某一交通工具”。 take表示“花費”，常用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do Sth故某事花費某人多少時間。 take意為“買”，當決定要買某物品時，可以說“ I'll take it/them.”。 take表示“吃喝”時，與eat, drink，have意思相近；但表示“吃藥”時，通 常只用 take。2. b

30、e USed to doing習慣于做 e.g. He is USed to gett ing UP earl他習慣于早起。辨析： be/get/become USed to doing“習慣于做”前者強調(diào)狀態(tài)；后兩者強調(diào)漸變的 過程，其中 to 為介詞，后接動名詞 doing。e.g. He has been Used to walking to school.他已經(jīng)習慣于步行去上學(xué)。 USed to do “過去常?！保蠼觿釉~原形。e.g. He Used to go to work on foot.他過去常常步行上班。 be USed to do/for doing “被用于做 ”是被

31、動語態(tài)。e.g. He Used his knife to cUt off his arm.=His knife was Used to cUt off his arm. 他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊。例題 1： I used to newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now'Im usedto a walk.A. read；take B. read； takingC. reading； takingD. reading； take答案:BUSed to do Sth意為“過去經(jīng)常做某事” ；be USed to doing Sth意為“習慣于

32、做某事”。句意：我過去晚飯后常常讀報紙和看電視，但是現(xiàn)在我習慣散步。例題 2:Do you know What a Writing brush is?YeS. It'SUSed writing and drawing.A. withB. toC. forD. by答案:Cbe USed for被用來做，be USed by Sb被某人使用。3.run out 用盡；耗盡e.g. After a IOng walk，he ran OUtOf his Water長途跋涉后，他用盡了他的水。 辨析: run OUt是“動詞+副詞”型動詞短語，主語通常是時間、食物、金錢等名詞。e.g. HiS

33、 money soon ran OU他的錢很快花完了。 run OUtOf作及物動詞用(=use up),后接賓語，主語通常是人。e.g. I have rUn oUt of my money before p ay d ay .在發(fā)工資的日子之前我已經(jīng)用盡了 我的錢。注意：run out of 其愿意為“從中跑出”。e.g. LotS of StUdentS ran oUt of the claSSroom to See what had happened.很多學(xué)生從教室里跑出來看看發(fā)生了什么事。例題： I will go to buy Some paper. My paper haS .A

34、. gone out B. come out C. run out D. looked out答案:C出去；出版，出來；用完，耗盡；當心。句意：我要去買些紙，我的紙用完了。所以他用刀子將他的右臂切kni VeS。類似有:4.So he uSed hiS knife to cut off half hiS right arm. 去了一半。(1)knife 用作名詞， wifewiveS 妻子 thief thieves 賊 lifeliveS 生命 leaf IeaVeS 樹葉意為“小刀” ，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為wolf wolves 狼 shelf SheIVeS 架子 half halves 一半(

35、2) CUt off意為“切除，切斷”，是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。后跟代詞時，代 詞應(yīng)放于CUt和off之間。e.g. CUt off the Wire 切斷電線CUt it/them off 把它 /它們切斷(3) 拓展：與CUt有關(guān)的短語：CUt Up 切碎 CUt down 砍倒 CUt in line 插隊 cutin two/half把切成兩半cutinto PieCeS把切成碎片 5.so that 以便，為了(1)So that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句謂語動詞常用情態(tài)動詞 may/might/Can/CoUld 等。e.g. We Went early so that We

36、could get good Seat 為 了占到好座位，我們早早就去了。例題： I looked through my test paper again and again I wouldn't make anymistakes.A. so B. because C. so that答案 :C因此；因為；為了 句意：為了不會出現(xiàn)錯誤，我把試卷檢查了一遍又一遍。(2) so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，當主句主語與從句主語一致時，可用“SO as to (inorder to)+動詞原形”轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句。e.g. He got up early so that he could catch

37、 the early bus.=He got up early in order to/so as to CatCh the early bu為 了趕早班公交車他起床很早。(3) so that還可以與 in order that 互換。e.g. He worked day and night so that/in order that he Could suCCeed. 他夜以繼日地工作為的是成功。(4) sothat-表示“如此以至于”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。e.g. The boy is so young that he Ca'ntgo to sChool. 這個男孩太小還不能去上學(xué)。

38、6. mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲(1) mean用作動詞，意為“意思是”，后面可以跟that從句。e.g. Do you mean that ifsnone of my business你的意思是它與我無關(guān)嗎 ？(2) 拓展： mean名詞形式為 meaning,意為“含義；意思”，常用句型：What'sthe meaning of?。該句型可與 What doesdo mean?進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. What's the meaning of the word?=What does the word mean? 這個單詞是什么意思 ? mean to do打算做e

39、.g. I mean to go tomorrow， but my father will not allow me to. 我打算明天去，但我父親不會允許我去。 mean doing 意味著做 e.g. Doing that means wasting time. 做那件事意味著浪費時間。7. deCision n. 決定；抉擇decision 常用于短語 make a decision/decisionsS為“作決定”。make a decisi on to do sth.=decide to do sth.=make UP on Smi nd to do sth.決定做某 事。e.g.

40、He made a decisi on /decided to go to NeW York fin all最后他決定去紐約。 例題： It was very hard for me to make a , but I decided to leave my job.A. invitation B. decision C. Plan D. discussion答案 :B邀請；決定；計劃；討論。句意 :對于我來說做出決定很難，但我決定辭職8.control n.& v. 限制；約束；管理(1)be in control of 為固定短語，意為“管理；掌管” 。e.g. A teacher

41、 must be in COn trol Of his CIaS老師必須掌控好自己的課堂。WhO'in control of the PrOjeCt?誰是這個項目的負責人？拓展:control的其他相關(guān)短語：Under control在控制之下out of control失去控制Ue.g. EVerythi ng is Un der con trol 一切在控制之下。例題： The car was out of and hit a tree by the road.A. danger B. breath C. control D. Practice答案:C out of dan ger

42、脫離危險；out of breath上氣不接下氣；out of cont失控; out of PraCtiCe 疏于練習。9.keep on doing繼續(xù)、重復(fù)做 e.g. Don 'keep on in terrupt ing me.另 S 老是跟我打岔。(1)句型： keep doing Sth一 直做某事e.g. KeeP smili ng.保持微笑。 keep sb. doi ng Sth讓某人一直做某事e.g. I'm sorry to keep you Waiti ng對不起讓你久等了。 keep on doi ng Sth繼續(xù)/重復(fù)做某事e.g. He kept

43、 on Sitt ing dow n and Sta nding UP他重復(fù)坐下又站起來。(2)英語中后接 doing 作賓語的詞 (組)：完成練習值得忙 finish，practice，be worth，be busy 繼續(xù)習慣放棄 keep on，be used to，give up考慮建議不禁想 consider，sugges，t can'thelp，feel like 喜歡思念要介意 enjoy，miss，mind10. because of 由于（1）辨析： because接從句e.g. He is abse nt because he is ill toda他今天缺席，因為

44、他病了。 because o接名詞，代詞或動名詞e.g. He is abse nt today because of his ill nes他今天缺席，因為他病了。例題： We didn'thave a sports meeting yesterday the heavy rain.A. because B. unless C. because of D. across from答案:C句意：因為下大雨，昨天我們沒有開運動會。介詞 of之后應(yīng)跟名詞。 because因為）和so（所以）不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個英語句子中，只用其一，類似的 詞還有although（雖然）和but（但是）。e.

45、g. Although he was tired， he still worked hard.=He WaS tired，but he still WOrked hard.雖然他很累了，但他仍然努力工作。11. give up 放棄(1) 后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。e.g. YOu ShOuIdntgiVe UP running.你不應(yīng)該放棄跑步。例題： YOU shouldsmoking. IfS really bad for your health.A. PUt UP B. give UP C. get UP D. Set UP答案:B搭建；放棄；起床；建立。句意:你應(yīng)該放棄吸煙 吸煙真的有害身體健康。(2) up在此短語中是副詞，故give UP與代詞連用時，代詞需放中間。e.g. I find it too difficult to learn English well. I Want to give it up.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。我想放棄它。(3) 拓展:give其他相關(guān)短語：give away贈送give back歸還； 恢復(fù) give in 屈服give off發(fā)出；放出 give out分發(fā)12. 情態(tài)動詞should的用法(1)