中西詩歌意象比較：以《天凈沙秋思》和《在一個地鐵車站為例》

1、攀枝花學院本科畢業(yè)論文中西詩歌意象比較：以天凈沙 . 秋思和在一個地鐵車站為例學生姓名：彭玉學生學號：200910201089院 （系）：外國語學院年級專業(yè)：2009 級英語本科4 班指導教師：李麗琴副教授二一三年五月1/28The Comparision betwenn Chinese andEnglish Poetic Images:Thoughts on Autumnto the Tune of SkyScouringand In a Station of MetroPengYuUnder the Supervision ofLi LiqinSchool of Foreign Langu

2、agesand CulturesPanzhihuaUniversityMay 20132/28ContentsAbstract.IKey Words .I.Introduction.1I.The Differences in Image.3A. Diffrent Painting Style .31. WashPainting Features .32. Oil Painting Characteristics. 3B.The ImagesCombination Modes.41.Juxtaposition.42.Superposition.5C. The Images with Emotio

3、n Color .51.SadnessandLoneness.82.DepressionandFrustration.9D.The Cultural Difference . 10II.Similarity of Imag es . .11A.Metaphorical Images. 12C. Combination of Dynamic and Static.13III. Chinese Ancient Poetic Feature in the PoundsPoems 14 A Simple and Profound Context . .15 B. The Aesthetic Pictu

4、re . .16 Conclusion .17Bibliography.183/28Acknowledgements.194/28Abstract“Thoughts on Autmnto the Tune of Sky Scouring” wroteby Ma Zhiyuan and“ In a Station of Metro composed” by Pound are masterpices of imagist poetry. Thispaper compares the differences in the use of visual images between this two

5、poems based on the theory of poetry appreciation proposed by Gu Zhengkun. By analysis of the images which generated by the different techniques of expression in emotion, painting and other aspects,thispaper explore the Chinese ancient poetic features in Pound s poems and experience the charming of i

6、magist poetry.Key WordsImages。 painting。 emotion。 Chinese poetic elementsI/28摘要馬致遠的天凈沙. 秋思與埃茲拉. 龐德的在一個地鐵車站是意象派詩歌的經(jīng)典之作。本文根據(jù)辜正坤先生提出的詩歌鑒賞理論，比較天凈沙. 秋思和在一個地鐵車站在視像運用上的差異，通過分析不同的表現(xiàn)手法所產(chǎn)生的意象在繪畫、情感等方面的差異，探尋龐德詩歌中的古典漢語詩歌元素，體會意象派詩歌的魅力。關鍵詞意象；繪畫；情感；漢語詩歌II/28IntroductionEzra Pound(1885 一 1972) was born in Haily, oc

7、tober,1885.Then he attended Hamilton College and the University of Pennsylvania, where he got in touch with Chinese Ancient poetry for the first time. Pound was attracted by a book named A History of Chinese Literature. Pound moved to London in 1908, for he was dissatisfied with the genteel traditio

8、n and popular romanticism dominating the American literary, and he began to study Chinese culture in Europe. Influenced by Chinese poetic theory, Pound created his imagist poetry. And his imagist poetry has many Chinese ancient poetic elements.In rencent years, schoolars do many resarches on differe

9、nce between Chinese and English poems.The America famous critic Earl Miner divides genre into drama, lyrics and narrative literture from a cross-cultural perspective. In his book Comparative poetics, he gives a clear definition of comparative poetic theory, discusses the structure of Chinese Ancient

10、 poems and confirms the the value of Chinese ancient poems with a equal attitude. The English famous scholar Peter Jones puts forward that Pounds imagist poetry is a recreation of Chinese poems, through analysing the characteristic of Ezra Pounds poetics in his book Imagist Poetry. The American poet

11、BrooksCleanth and Robert Penn Warren bring the “New Criticism ” into poeticfiled and points out the methods to understanding poems in his book Understanding Poetry.The famous domestic scholar Cao Shunqing presents that Chinese ancient poems and western imagist poems have their own charecters and eac

12、h of them from the perspective of artisitic style, cultural background and the essence of poems. Famous scholar Feng Huazhan proposes the developemet of imagism poetry and the relationship between imagism poetry and Chinese poetry from the perspective of comparative literature in the book named The

13、Comparison between Chinse and West Poetry. Another scholar Cao Xia and Lv Minhong do some reserches on the differences and similarities between Chinese ancient poems and west imagist1/28poetry,and point out that imagisim poetry of Pound and Chinese ancient poems have great similarities in poetic str

14、ucture and composing technique.Most foreign and demotic resarchesabout Chinese ancient poetry and western imagist poetry focus on the poetic structure, sytanx structure of poetic laguage and the development of western imagist poetry. “Thoughts on Autmnto the Tune of Sky Scouring”wrote by Ma Zhiyuan

15、and “ In a Station of Metro composed” by Pound are masterpices of imagist poetry. This paper compares the differences in the use of visual images between this two poemsbased on the theory of poetry appreciation proposed by Gu Zhengkun. By analysis of the images which generated by the different techn

16、iques of expression in emotion, painting and other aspects,this paper explore the Chinese ancient poetic features in Pounds poems and the charming of imagist poetry.2/28I. The Images DifferenceImage is one of the best effective methods in poetry with its visualization and concreteness, according to

17、aesthetic principles of Chinese ancient poems. Pound gave several definitions to “image”, the important one is that image presentsanintellectualandemotional complexinaninstantoftime.He also practiced in hisworks to show this definition. He also emphasizedthe concentrationofintellectualandemotional c

18、ontentina poetic image, althoughit was abriefmomentofexperience.Different images create different poetic effectI.na Station of Metroand Thoughts on Autmnto the Tune of Sky Scouringcreated by different poets in different country have their own feature in painting style, images combination modes and e

19、motion color.A. Differenct Painting StylePoem is a painting and colored by one painting. “ Thecombination between poem and painting ”is the most important technique in Chinese ancient poems. Chinese poets emphasize the picturesque scene in their poem.Pound imagist poetry develops from Chinese ancien

20、t poems, so it carries on the Chinese ancient poetic features. Pound also attempted to combine poetry with music, painting and scu1pture.1.WashPaintingWash painting is a typical Chinese painting which emphasizes the picturesque scene presented by the flowing and graceful lines. It created the unique

21、 aesthetical standards of “reckon blank as inked”. The brief and simple color, and the profound and lasting picturesque scene are the main characteristics of wash painting. And such kind of painting allow readers to create the picturesque scene with their imaginations.“ Thoughts on Autumn to the tun

22、e of sky scouring is a typic” Chinese ancient poems to express the“autumn thoughts”for the wonders. And “Thoughts on Autumn to the Tune of Sky Scouring”can be set as a good example to present the poetic artistic state with simple images.3/28The 12 images in “Thoughts on Autumnto the Tune of Sky Scou

23、ring”are “a withered vine”, “old trees”, “ araven croaking on high ”, “small bridge ”the,“ murmuring water ”, “ thatchedcottage”, “an ancient path”, “the west wind ” ,a“boney horse”, “sunset”and “a heart-broken traveler”. As all we known, late autumn is a sad and lonely season that everything is goi

24、ng to withered. The author just takes use of these declining objects in autumn to create the natural desolate beauty of the poems without any artificialmarks. The first picture is presented with three images: “a withered vine”, “old trees”, “ araven croaking on high ”.“A withered vine”, “old trees”p

25、resent the dreariness of autumn from poets vision. “ Araven croaking on high ”aggravates the declining atmosphere from vision and audition. Then, the second line consist with “a small bridge ”the,“murmuring water”and “a thatched cottage”. Each of them stands for tiny thing and weakness which also ca

26、n be drawn with dark color. These things strengthen the declining and dead atmosphere. The third and the fourth line, “an ancient path”, “the west wind”and “a boney horse”, which describe a lonely and sad picture. The 12 images are independent from others. And readers can use their own imaginations

27、to comprehend this poem and the picture presented by this poem. All the images in this poem areharmony with each other, although they have their own features. And each picture described with the images has its own theme while also serves to the common topic “autumn thoughts”. The author just slightl

28、y described the declining autumn scene, but the topic is presented with this naturally writing. All the images in this poem seems to have a unique beautydesolate beauty. Asall we known, black represent mystery,depth and hopelessness,so the dominant color of the four pictures can be presented with bl

29、ack. From the source of the 12 images, they are choosed from ordinary things with simple and natural features. Compared towash painting definition, wash painting is good at taking good use of simple objects to describle the profound picture. This Yuan Poetic Drma is famous for the use of simple imag

30、es to create a profound picturesque scene with 12 images.2.Oil PaintingOil painting is a type of western painting art which characterizedwith rich color changing through the bright and thick layers. Oil painting focus on creating a “ three-4/28dimensional space by”drawing linesto show people s perce

31、ptions of the real world.“ In a Sation of Metro contains” 6 images. The first one: staion of metrowhich is the sybolic vehicle of modern city. It also represents the fast living tempo of modern life. As for “ apparition ” , whichshadowmeans and ghost literally. In this poem whichjust presents the be

32、autiful face disappering rapidly. And “ faces ” and deserible the hustle and bustle of the sation. The “ petals which” stands for the beautiful face in the crowd. Petals are stand for bright colors.The last image is bough” . Andthe main colors of bough is black, which makes a distinct contrast with“

33、 crowd ” whi“ bla“ petals “”The. sation of metro”introduce the surroundings of poems. At the sametime, the image give reader a clear sense of space“.faces”, “crowd”, “petals”and the “wet bough”,which the two images strengthen the dynamic and color effect. Oil painting emphasizes the integration of b

34、ringhtness, the combination of warm and cold color and the artificial spce created by picture. In this poem, the author presents four artficial space. The sation is first real space while apparition belongs to a mysterious space. And fair face in the crowd is another real space while petals on wet,

35、black bough is created by the authors subjective mind. The author integrated the reality with illusory and darkness with brightness to present the fast living tempo of modern life. Compared to the definition of oil paiting, the picture presented by this poem carries on the oil paiting features.B. Th

36、e ImageCombinationImage combination refers to a bondingrelationship between one image and another according to the reasonable logic thoughts in the artistic feeling. Although there are many combination methods of poetic visualimages, Juxtaposition and Superposition are the majortechniques used in po

37、ems.1. JuxtapositionJuxtaposition which isa type of images combination which refers to two or more images joint together intoone form. Each of them exists independently in one peom without time and space limitation. “Thought on Autumn to the Tune of Sky Scouring”creates four pictures with imagejuxta

38、position.5/28“Thought on Autumn to the Tune of Sky Scouring”consist with 12 images. The first line consists with “withered vine”, “old trees” ,and “ croaking raven.Each ”of them is independent object in poems line but they all serve to present declining picture. “ Oldtrees ”and “withered vine ”is be

39、longing to the plants while “ croaking raven ”is an animals behavior. There is on direct relationship within the three images and each of them can present its own characters. The author puts them together to create a parallel picture from vision and audition. And the“ croaking ravenmakes” the pictur

40、e alive and renews this picture vividly. The second line is formed with “Asmall bridge, the murmuring water”and “a thatched cottage”. This picture presented that a small bridge is cross over the murmuring water and a thatched cottage is situated near the bridge. The author takes use of the three ima

41、ges to present the leisurely life in the countryside. The third and the fourth line is presentedwith “an ancient path”, “the west wind”and “a boney horse”. This line describes a lonely and sad picture that a lonely traveler wondered on the ancient path accompany with boney horse and west wind. This

42、picture is the epitome of poet s himself. After analyzing carefully, we can found that each image seems to be weak and vapid. This poem present four picture through the images juxtaposition. At the same time, the four pictures are independent from another, while the independent picture explains one

43、topic autumn thought. The poet integrates each independent image through juxtaposition to express the autumn thoughts vividly.2. SuperpositionSuperposition refers to superpose one image upon another. In fact, it belongs to technique of expression: metaphor. As for superposition, reader must get rid

44、of the bound of convention thinking mode, using imagination and associating thinking.The poem is only two lines with 6images.Each line is combined with two independent phrases thathave not complete SVO structure. And each line is distinguished with a semicolonin the middle without any conjunctions o

45、r transfer word. The second line is consisted with “petals on a wet, black bough”which is a metaphor phrase. Here, the poet choose “petals”to be an metaphor object, and thenoumenonis “ faces in the crowd” in the first.Thelinepoet connects metaphor object6/28with noumenon through superposition while

46、the subtle connection can be found by reading carefully and unconventional thinking. The poet arranges the two major images directly appearing in readers eyes by omitting transfer word. At the same time, the two images create a picture: the fair faces flash among the crowd and the beautiful falling

47、petals through the rain. The poet do not arrange any sign for the internal transforming for the two images, but makes use of the similarities within the two images to achieve the profound context through superposition.The noisy metro station is the epitome of the life in modern city which makes peop

48、le depressed and annoyed. While the petals remained on the bough imply the fair faces flashing in the crowd. Only “the petals on the bough”is the bright scene of the dark background. Beauty fleets rapidly which gives viewer an amazing scene and remained in viewers mind for long time. Beauty is alway

49、s fleeting which present its preciousness. The poets pursuit of beauty and the pity for the beautys disappearing are concentrated in the two images. The author Pound explained the happiness and bitterness for life, and the brightness and darkness of life journey throughimages superposition.At the sa

50、me time, the author created the three dimensional space throughimages superposition.The metro sation belongs to first real space while apparition belongs to a mysterious space. And fair face in the crowd is another real space while petals on wet, black bough is created by the authors mind which belo

51、ngs to another subjective space. The author integrated the reality with illusory and darkness with brightness to present the fast living tempo of modern life through superposition.C.The Images with Emotion ColorWang Kuo-wei shas pointed out that the poet views objects in terms of himself in the pers

52、onal state, so everything takes on his own coloring in the book named Jen-chien T zu-hua. Pound defines color as asignificant role to achieve the best poetic effect. Not only add concreteness and directness to the image, color also supports the theme and the atmosphere of poem directly. As the importance of the image promoted, the first function o