胡適_不要拋棄學(xué)問 中英

1、不要拋棄學(xué)問胡適Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning中國公學(xué)十八年級(jí)畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言諸位畢業(yè)同學(xué)：Dear Students of the Graduating Class,你們現(xiàn)在要離開母校了，我沒有什么禮物送給你們，只好送你們一句話罷。 As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gifts except a word of advice. as作連詞的用法1. as.as的用法as.as意為"和一樣"，表示同級(jí)的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞

2、，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：(1)This film is as interesting as that one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的鋼筆書寫起來和我的一樣流暢。其否定式為not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。若有修飾成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，則須置于第一

3、個(gè)as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的貴一倍。幾個(gè)關(guān)于as.as的常見句型：(1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible.請盡快回答我的問題。(2)as.as usual/before She looks as pretty as before.她看起來和以前一樣漂亮。(3)as long as. (引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句) It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我們花了長達(dá)

4、三年的時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(4)as far as He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火車站。(5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。一些帶有as.as結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語歸納： as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一樣忙碌as easy as ABC像ABC一樣容易as deep as a well像井一樣深as light as a feather像羽毛一樣輕as soft as butter像黃油一樣軟

5、as rich as a Jew像猶太人一樣富裕2. as用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句as與when，while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞，含義都是"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候"。但它們有區(qū)別：用when時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生；用while時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作為一過程，主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或在從句動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生；用as時(shí)，主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)的含義。例如：(1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.他到達(dá)工地時(shí)，天正在下雪。(2)He was watching T

6、V while his mother was cooking.他母親做飯時(shí)他在看電視。(3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.你會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而越來越聰明。3. as用作連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從as，because，since都可以表示因果關(guān)系，連接原因狀語從句，含義是"因?yàn)?，由?quot;，但它們有區(qū)別：because表示的語氣最強(qiáng)；as一般放在句首，語氣較弱，較口語化；since常常用在書面語中，表示多為對(duì)方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時(shí)可譯作"既然"。例如：(1) He will succeed becaus

7、e he is in earnest.他一定會(huì)成功，因?yàn)樗苷J(rèn)真。(2) Since you are so sure of it he”ll believe you.既然你對(duì)此如此有把握，他會(huì)相信你的。(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因?yàn)橄逻^雨，空氣比較清爽。4. as作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句as與although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，含義是"雖然，盡管"，但它們有區(qū)別：although語氣稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可

8、以用yet；as所表示的語氣較強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語序。例如：(1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他雖然年紀(jì)相當(dāng)大，仍然每天慢跑。(2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.這次意外雖然顯得令人不可思議，卻沒有人受傷。(3) However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.無論他怎樣努力也達(dá)不到目標(biāo)。：

9、Alma mater母校 (Latin alma "nourishing/kind", mater "mother" pl. rarely used almae matres) is a term that was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and later in Christianity for the Virgin Mary. In many modern languages it is prin

10、cipally heard as a term of academia. It may also refer to the school, college or university from which an individual has graduated or which they have attended, and is usually the one from which one has received a bachelor's degree or associate's degree i.e., where one is considered an alumnu

11、s/alumna. a word of advice 一句忠告 片語良言這一句話是：“不要拋棄學(xué)問?！币郧暗墓φn也許一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑不得已而做的。從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，努力做一種專門學(xué)問。少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。即為吃飯計(jì)，學(xué)問絕不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的。吃飯而不求學(xué)問，三年五年之后，你們都要被后進(jìn)少年淘汰掉的。到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問來補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了。 My advice is, "Never give up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps fini

12、shed your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be go

13、ne never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will

14、 then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.：增主語：obtain vt.獲得；得到 He failed to obtain a scholarship.他沒有獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。At last, their company obtained the mining concession. 他們的公司最終獲得了采礦權(quán)。· vi.流行；通用；存在 不及物動(dòng)詞 Your dress still obtains now.你的這款套裙現(xiàn)在還很流行。 The word has obtained general

15、 currency.該詞已經(jīng)通用了。：out of 1表示地點(diǎn)(從里向外) Fish can not live out of water魚離開了水就不能活。This animal is not found out of certain areas in Africa這種動(dòng)物只在非洲某些地區(qū)有。(在非洲的某些地區(qū)之外，是沒有這種動(dòng)物的。) This plant is situated only five miles out of the city.那個(gè)工廠離市區(qū)僅五英里。2 表示動(dòng)作或運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向As Ine pulled out of the garage，I saw the gun point

16、ing against the car window當(dāng)我們把車開出車庫時(shí)，我看見那支槍頂住了車窗玻璃。They walked out of the supermarket他們走出了超級(jí)市場。3 表示部分關(guān)系This will happen in nine cases out of ten這種情況十之八九會(huì)發(fā)生。This is but one instance out of many那只不過是許多例子中的一個(gè)而已4 表示“在范圍以外”，“越出界限之外”The ship is out of sight船已看不見了。They sang out of tune他們唱得來了調(diào)。This plan is

17、out of the ordinary這是一個(gè)非凡的計(jì)劃。Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見，心為凈。5 表示“出于動(dòng)機(jī)”，“由于原因”The traffic accident was out of carelessness in diving這起交通事故是由于粗心駕駛所致。The treatment of the topic is out of necessity much condensed由于需要，關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的闡述已大加壓縮。6 表示竭盡和缺乏We are out of tea我們的茶葉用完了。This book is out of print這本書絕版了。T

18、hat novel is out of stock那本小說脫銷了。7 表示材料或來源He made the box out of old planks他用舊木板做了箱子。This paragraph is out of Marxs works in the original這一段引自馬克思原著。8 與某些動(dòng)詞連用，表示“放棄”；“喪失”He talked his wife out of buying a new bicycle他說服他的妻子不要買新自行車。I couldn't persuade him out of the resolution我沒能說服他改變決心。Sheer 完全的，

19、陡峭的 follow your own bent=follow your own inclination 做自己感興趣的事或者愛做的事 造句 in the prime of life 年富力強(qiáng) 他今年28歲，正當(dāng)壯年。At the age of 28, he is in the prime of his life. why not 正話反說青春一去不復(fù)返 時(shí)間的英文諺語積累：Time has wings. Time reveals(discloses) all things. 萬事日久自明 Time and tide wait for no man. Go into scholarship=t

20、o engage in learning: 做學(xué)問 in your declining years Your products decline in quality.有人說：“出去做事之后，生活問題亟須解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學(xué)問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問？”Some people say, "Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if

21、you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?"：虛擬語氣，主將從現(xiàn)。主將從現(xiàn)是指在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。 常見的有以下四種情況： 一、條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients 我長大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人 二、如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如：Dont laugh at me

22、 when I make a mistake. 我犯錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候不要笑話我。 三、如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room 在閱覽室時(shí)應(yīng)保持安靜 四. 如果if的條件狀語從句遇到變換間接和直接時(shí) , 祈使句應(yīng)用not to. 如; She said not to close the window 常見的時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等 主將從現(xiàn)說的是在含有時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是

23、一般將來時(shí)，那么從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： I will tell him about it when he comes. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去將來時(shí)，那么從句要用一般過去時(shí)。例如： He said that he would have another try if he had the chance. I knew he could help me if he was free the next day. 主要標(biāo)志有：if unless until when as soon as come up again

24、st meet（difficulties，opposition）遭到；應(yīng)付（困難）；和相抵觸The workers on strike came up against their employer's unwillingness to pay high wages罷工的工人們與不愿給他們增加工資的雇主相對(duì)抗。You may come up against a bit of opposition你可能會(huì)遭到一些反對(duì)。 manage to do sth 設(shè)法達(dá)成 How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么設(shè)法做這樣的事? I think we co

25、uld manage to crowd a few more in. 我想我們可以設(shè)法再多裝幾個(gè)進(jìn)去。 available 可獲得的Make sure the name is available. 確保名字可用 But the area available is much smaller 但是可使用面積小得多。There are many validated assessments available. 有多種有效的評(píng)估手段。我要對(duì)你們說：凡是要等到有圖書館方才讀書的，有了圖書館也不肯讀書。凡是要等到有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室方才做研究的，有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個(gè)問題，自然會(huì)撙衣節(jié)食去買書

26、，自然會(huì)想出法子來設(shè)置儀器。Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As lon

27、g as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.：增譯：正反表達(dá)主將從現(xiàn)cut down on = economize on 節(jié)約至于時(shí)間，更不成問題。達(dá)爾文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一點(diǎn)鐘的工作。你們看他的成績！每天花一點(diǎn)鐘看10頁有用的書，每年可看3600多頁書，30年讀約11萬頁書。Time is no object. C

28、harles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health. Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3600 pages a year, and 110 000 pages in 30 years.：no object=no problem 不成問題 不在話下：找出短句中句與句的練習(xí)，省譯不必要信息。Ill health：Ill healt

29、h is a state that we avoid thinking about until it actually hits us. 生病的狀態(tài)是我們一直會(huì)逃避去思考，而它卻真正會(huì)傷害到我們。 The death of kim jong il on dec. 17 was sudden but not unexpected, since he had been in ill health for several years. 今年12月17日金正日的去世雖然事發(fā)突然，卻并非出人意料，因?yàn)閹啄陙硭眢w一直不好。 ：語意增譯 ：視角轉(zhuǎn)移諸位，十萬頁書可以使你成為一個(gè)學(xué)者了?？墒?，每天看3種小報(bào)

30、也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)鐘的工夫；4圈麻將也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)半鐘的光陰。看小報(bào)呢，還是打麻將呢，還是努力做一個(gè)學(xué)者呢？全靠你們自己的選擇！Dear students 110 000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing mah-jong or str

31、iving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.：參照out of：tabloid：通俗小報(bào)，文摘That's a tabloid way of looking at it. 這就是以庸俗的眼光看問題了。The case interests not just the tabloid press. 這一案件不僅引起了小報(bào)的興趣。：strive to do sth 努力去做某事：its up to you to make the choice易卜生說：“你的最大責(zé)任是把你這塊材料鑄造成器?！睂W(xué)問便是鑄器的工具，拋棄了學(xué)問便是毀了你自己

32、。Henrik Ibsen says, "It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement." Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.：是一位影響深遠(yuǎn)的挪威劇作家，被稱為"現(xiàn)代戲劇之父"。他是歐洲知識(shí)界取得現(xiàn)代突破的中心人物 易卜生，被公認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代戲劇之父。他的劇作仍然具有巨大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，仍在世界各地繼續(xù)上演。據(jù)說，易卜生是繼莎士比亞之后在世界上被上演最多的劇作家。

33、玩偶之家(1879),又譯娜拉或傀儡家庭。女主人公娜拉偽造父親的簽字向人借錢，為丈夫海爾茂醫(yī)病。丈夫了解原委后，生怕因此影響自己的名譽(yù)地位，怒斥妻子下賤無恥。當(dāng)債主在娜拉的女友感化下主動(dòng)退回借據(jù)時(shí)，海爾茂又對(duì)妻子裝出一副笑臉。娜拉看透了丈夫的自私和夫妻間的不平等，不甘心做丈夫的玩偶，憤然出走。玩偶之家演出后,引起了激烈的反響。娜拉要求個(gè)性解放、不做"賢妻良母"的堅(jiān)決態(tài)度,遭到上流社會(huì)的責(zé)難和非議。但易卜生并沒有在責(zé)難面前退卻，他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作問題劇，揭露社會(huì)問題。從1901年首屆諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)開始，他就被提名為候選人，一直是強(qiáng)有力的競爭者之一，可惜前兩次都失之交臂，當(dāng)1903年

34、瑞典文學(xué)院將目光投向斯堪的納維亞半島，特別是挪威以來，他的希望大增，可是同胞比昂斯滕·比昂松成為了他最大的競爭者，由于兩人實(shí)力相當(dāng)，曾經(jīng)有人建議，兩人同時(shí)獲獎(jiǎng)，可是有些院士以不符合評(píng)獎(jiǎng)?wù)鲁潭駴Q，二人只能擇其一，由于前兩屆得主都因?yàn)樯≡蛭茨苡H自前來領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)，瑞典文學(xué)院不希望今年再次有得主缺席，由于七十五歲的易卜生身患重病、臥床不起；而七十一歲的比昂遜雖也年邁，但還是生氣勃勃，創(chuàng)作力旺盛。這樣，瑞典學(xué)院選最終把文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)單獨(dú)頒發(fā)給比昂遜。：背熟：拋棄，遺棄，摒棄再會(huì)了！你們的母校眼睜睜地要看你們10年之后成什么器。Farewell! Your alma mater is watching

35、eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.：眼睜睜地 無可奈何地 熱切地3. 張培基譯文Dear Students of the Graduating Class,      As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.      My advice is, "Never give

36、up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourse

37、lves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years

38、have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.Some people say, "Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?"Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably cont