通風(fēng)、空調(diào)工程施工圖預(yù)算——通風(fēng)安裝工程量計(jì)算【含案例

1、.通風(fēng)、空調(diào)工程施工圖預(yù)算-通風(fēng)安裝工程量計(jì)算（含案例）一、通風(fēng)工程系統(tǒng)組成通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的任務(wù)是將室內(nèi)的污濁空氣或廢氣經(jīng)過(guò)消毒之后排至室外，再把室外的新鮮空氣經(jīng)過(guò)凈化處理之后送到室內(nèi)，以保持室內(nèi)的空氣清潔、新鮮。1、通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的分類按照動(dòng)力來(lái)分分為自然通風(fēng)、機(jī)械通風(fēng)兩種。機(jī)械通風(fēng)又分為機(jī)械送風(fēng)和機(jī)械排風(fēng)兩種。自然通風(fēng)：由于室內(nèi)外空氣的溫度不同而形成的空氣重度差促使室內(nèi)和室外的空氣發(fā)生對(duì)流、交換。 機(jī)械通風(fēng)機(jī)械通風(fēng)分為機(jī)械送風(fēng)和機(jī)械排風(fēng)兩種。機(jī)械送風(fēng)：利用風(fēng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力，使空氣在通風(fēng)管道系統(tǒng)內(nèi)沿一定的方向流動(dòng)，分送到各用其房間或用氣點(diǎn)。如下圖所示 Ø機(jī)械排風(fēng)：利用風(fēng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生

2、的的空氣或廢氣經(jīng)過(guò)消毒之后排至室外。如下圖所示動(dòng)力，將室內(nèi)污濁       2、通風(fēng)工程系統(tǒng)組成送風(fēng)(給風(fēng))系統(tǒng)組成(J系統(tǒng))，如下圖所示。Ø吸(回、排)風(fēng)口：將房間內(nèi)濁氣吸入回風(fēng)管道，送回空氣處理室處理。Ø管道配件(管件)：彎頭、三通、四通、異徑管、法蘭盤、導(dǎo)流片、靜壓箱等。Ø管道部件：各處風(fēng)口、閥、排氣罩、風(fēng)帽、檢查孔、測(cè)定孔和風(fēng)管支、吊、托架等。 排風(fēng)(P)系統(tǒng)組成，如下圖所示。 Ø排風(fēng)口：將濁氣吸入排風(fēng)管內(nèi)。有吸風(fēng)口、排風(fēng)口、側(cè)吸罩等部件。Ø排風(fēng)管：輸送濁氣的管道。Ø

3、排風(fēng)機(jī)：排風(fēng)機(jī)是將濁氣用機(jī)械能量從排氣管中排出。Ø風(fēng)帽：將濁氣排入大氣中，防空氣倒灌及防雨水灌入的部件。Ø除塵器：用排風(fēng)機(jī)的吸力將帶灰塵及有害質(zhì)粒的濁氣吸入除塵器中，將塵粒集中排出。如旋風(fēng)除塵器、袋式除塵器、濾塵器等。Ø其他管件和部件等：見(jiàn)送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。二、通風(fēng)安裝工程量計(jì)算(一)通風(fēng)管道工程量計(jì)算1、風(fēng)管工程量計(jì)算及定額使用：用薄鋼板、鍍鋅鋼板、不銹鋼板、塑料板等板材制作安裝的風(fēng)管工程量，以施工圖圖示風(fēng)管中心線長(zhǎng)度為準(zhǔn)，按風(fēng)管不同斷面形狀(圓、方、矩)的展開(kāi)面積計(jì)算，按計(jì)量。風(fēng)管展開(kāi)面積：不扣除檢查孔、測(cè)定孔、送風(fēng)口、吸風(fēng)口等所占面積，咬口重疊部分也不增加。風(fēng)管長(zhǎng)度

4、計(jì)算：一律以施工圖所示中心線長(zhǎng)度為準(zhǔn)。包括彎頭、三通、變徑管、天圓地方管件長(zhǎng)度。支管長(zhǎng)度以支管中心線與主管中心線交接點(diǎn)為分界點(diǎn)。風(fēng)管長(zhǎng)度不包括部件所占長(zhǎng)度。部件長(zhǎng)度值按教材表5.2計(jì)取。風(fēng)管制作與安裝定額包括：彎頭、三通、變徑管、天圓地方等管件及法蘭、加固框和吊架、托架、支架的制作與安裝。風(fēng)管制作與安裝定額不包括：過(guò)跨風(fēng)管的落地支架制安。按重量另計(jì)其費(fèi)用，使用通風(fēng)空調(diào)分冊(cè)相關(guān)子目。凈化通風(fēng)管道及部件制作與安裝，工程量計(jì)算方法與一般通風(fēng)管道相同，用相應(yīng)定額，但是，零部件安裝要計(jì)算凈化費(fèi)，按相應(yīng)部件子目安裝基價(jià)的35%作為凈化費(fèi)。其中人工費(fèi)占40%。對(duì)凈化管道與建筑物縫隙之間所做的凈化密封處理，按

5、實(shí)計(jì)算其費(fèi)用。塑料風(fēng)管、管件制作需熱煨成型，用木質(zhì)胎具時(shí)，其胎具木材按一等方材計(jì)價(jià)攤銷。當(dāng)風(fēng)管工程量在30以上時(shí)，攤銷0.06m3/10;30以下時(shí)，攤銷0.09m3/10。當(dāng)風(fēng)管、管件、部件、非標(biāo)設(shè)備發(fā)生場(chǎng)外運(yùn)輸時(shí)，在場(chǎng)外生產(chǎn)的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)必須經(jīng)過(guò)審批，其運(yùn)費(fèi)按以下方法計(jì)算：運(yùn)費(fèi)=車次數(shù)×車核定噸位×噸千米單價(jià)×里程車次數(shù)=加工件總重量/車次核定噸位×裝載系數(shù)裝載系數(shù)：非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備及通風(fēng)部件0.7;通風(fēng)管及管件為0.5。不足一車按一車計(jì)。通風(fēng)管制作安裝：按材質(zhì)、風(fēng)管形狀、直徑大小和鈑材厚度而不論制作方法(咬口、焊接)，分別套用定額。薄鋼鈑風(fēng)管中鈑材，設(shè)計(jì)

6、要求厚度不同時(shí)，可以換算，人工、機(jī)械不變。風(fēng)管制作安裝定額中法蘭墊料是按各種材料品種綜合考慮的，不得換算。整個(gè)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)實(shí)際采用漸縮管均勻送風(fēng)者，圓形管按斷面平均直徑，矩形管按斷面平均周長(zhǎng)套用相應(yīng)歸各自u(píng)，其人工乘以系數(shù)2.5。另：空氣幕送風(fēng)管制作安裝，按矩形風(fēng)管斷面平均周長(zhǎng)套用相應(yīng)風(fēng)管規(guī)格子目，其人工乘以系數(shù)3.0，其余不變。2、風(fēng)管彎頭導(dǎo)流片按葉片圖示面積以計(jì)量。不分單葉片或香蕉形雙葉片，均使用同一子目。3、帆布接頭或人造革軟管接頭按接頭長(zhǎng)度以展開(kāi)面積計(jì)算，以計(jì)量。4、風(fēng)管檢查孔制作與安裝以kg計(jì)量?？刹橥L(fēng)分冊(cè)附錄國(guó)標(biāo)通風(fēng)部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)質(zhì)量表。5、溫度和風(fēng)量測(cè)定孔以個(gè)計(jì)量。6、風(fēng)道以磚、石、砼、

7、木、石膏板等制作、安裝的通風(fēng)管道，稱為風(fēng)道。按土建預(yù)算定額有關(guān)分部定額執(zhí)行。(二)風(fēng)管管件(配件)展開(kāi)面積計(jì)算公式風(fēng)管管件在風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)中的形狀及組合情況如下圖所示。 各種風(fēng)管管件展開(kāi)面積的計(jì)算：1、圓形、矩形直管風(fēng)管  2、圓形異徑管、矩形異徑管(大小頭)  3、圓形管、矩形管彎頭  4、圓形管三通(褲衩管)  圓管加彎三通  5、矩形管三通 6、天圓地方  (三)風(fēng)管風(fēng)管部件閥類制作安裝工程量部件制作安裝工程量按質(zhì)量計(jì)算(kg)，其質(zhì)量查閱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖集或通風(fēng)空

8、調(diào)分冊(cè)附錄國(guó)標(biāo)通風(fēng)部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)質(zhì)量表計(jì)算。(四)風(fēng)管部件風(fēng)口制作與安裝工程量通風(fēng)用風(fēng)口除鋼百葉窗按計(jì)算外，其余風(fēng)口制作均按質(zhì)量(kg)計(jì)算。(五)風(fēng)管部件風(fēng)帽制作安裝工程量風(fēng)帽制作以質(zhì)量計(jì)算工程量，安裝以個(gè)計(jì)量。(六)風(fēng)管部件罩類制作安裝工程量制作按質(zhì)量，安裝按個(gè)計(jì)量。(七)風(fēng)管部件消聲器制作與安裝工程量消聲器制作安裝均以質(zhì)量計(jì)量。除此之外，還有空調(diào)部件及設(shè)備支架制作安裝、通風(fēng)機(jī)安裝、除塵器安裝等。詳見(jiàn)教材P211214。例1：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例2：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例3：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例4：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，

9、立項(xiàng)算量。 例5：某恒溫空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例6：某恒溫空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例7：某空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項(xiàng)算量。 例8：某通風(fēng)工程部分管道組成如下，要求立項(xiàng)算量。 例9：某房間通風(fēng)空調(diào)組成如下，要求立項(xiàng)算量。g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an

10、 employment tribunal if:· you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you· your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim

11、 to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you mus

12、t make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice fro

13、m one of the organisations listed under Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thi

14、nking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if

15、you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for  a damages-based agreement, you should make sure you're clear ab

16、out the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribu

17、nal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am

18、 going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racis

19、t behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a sta

20、tement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird beli

21、ef disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念

22、的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more f

23、ound that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't w

24、ant to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has alrea

25、dy can't remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a ch

26、emical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often

27、 is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可

28、以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From

29、 the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣

30、，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move throu

31、gh the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As

32、 he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not b