Linux系統(tǒng)管理

1、1 linux 系統(tǒng)管理實驗目的1.掌握用戶和組的概念、配置文件和常用命令；2.掌握常用軟件包的管理方法。二、實驗環(huán)境計算機一臺，內存1gb ，且安裝有 vmware workstation 7 ，pa 在虛擬機中安裝red hat enterprise linux 5 server。三、實驗內容（一）用戶和組管理1使用命令創(chuàng)建用戶賬戶zhangsan ，并設置其口令為111111 ，設置用戶名全稱為張三，辦公室電話為57111111 ；rootlocalhost # useradd zhangsan rootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd |grep zhangsan

2、 zhangsan:x:503:503:/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash rootlocalhost # passwd zhangsan changing password for user zhangsan. new unix password: bad password: it does not contain enough different characters retype new unix password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. rootlocalhost # chfn zh

3、angsan changing finger information for zhangsan. name : 張三office : office phone : 57111111 home phone : finger information changed. rootlocalhost # finger zhangsan login: zhangsan name: 張三directory: /home/zhangsan shell: /bin/bash office: 57111111 2 never logged in. no mail. no plan. 2使用命令修改用戶賬戶zhan

4、gsan的 uid 為 700，其 shell 類型為 /bin/ksh；rootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd|grep zhangsan zhangsan:x:503:503: 張三,57111111:/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash rootlocalhost # usermod -u 700 zhangsan rootlocalhost # usermod -s /bin/ksh zhangsan rootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd|grep zhangsan zhangsan:x:700:503: 張三,571111

5、11:/home/zhangsan:/bin/ksh 3使用命令刪除用戶賬戶zhangsan ，并且在刪除該用戶的同時一起刪除其主目錄；rootlocalhost # ls /home webadmin yingcao zhangsan rootlocalhost # userdel -r zhangsan rootlocalhost # ls /home webadmin yingcao 4使用命令創(chuàng)建組群group1，并且在創(chuàng)建時設置其gid 為 800；rootlocalhost # groupadd -g 800 group1 rootlocalhost # cat /etc/grou

6、p |grep group1 group1:x:800: 5使用命令修改組群group1 的新組群名稱為newgroup，設置組群 group1 的口令為 222222。rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group |grep group1 group1:x:800: rootlocalhost # groupmod -n newgroup group1 rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group |grep newgroup newgroup:x:800: rootlocalhost # gpasswd newgroup 正在修改newgroup 組的密碼3

7、 新密碼：請重新輸入新密碼：（二）軟件包管理1查詢了解當前系統(tǒng)所安裝的軟件包程序；rpm qa 顯示了很多信息2查詢顯示當前所安裝的軟件包名中包含 tel 關鍵字的軟件包；rootlocalhost # rpm -qa|grep tel telnet-0.17-39.el5 3查詢已安裝的 telnet-0.17-39軟件包所包含的文件及其安裝位置；rootlocalhost # rpm -ql telnet-0.17-39.el5 /usr/bin/telnet /usr/share/man/man1/telnet.1.gz 4查詢當前系統(tǒng)是否安裝telnet-server服務器軟件包；rp

8、m -q telnet-server package telnet-server is not installed 5若沒有安裝，則安裝telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm 軟件包，然后查詢telnet-server軟件包安裝是否成功；rootlocalhost # mkdir /media/cdrom rootlocalhost # mount -t iso9660 /dev/hda /media/cdrom mount: block device /dev/hda is write-protected, mounting read-only rootloca

9、lhost # cd /media/cdrom rootlocalhost cdrom# ls readme-kn.html release-notes-hi.html release-notes-u5-gu.html server rootlocalhost cdrom# cd server rootlocalhost server# ls | grep telnet telnet-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpm telnet-server-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpm 4 rootlocalhost server# rpm -ivh telnet-server-0.1

10、7-39.el5.i386.rpm warning: telnet-server-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpm: header v3 dsa signature: nokey , key id 37017186 preparing. # 100% 1:telnet-server # 100% rootlocalhost server# rpm -q telnet-server telnet-server-0.17-39.el5 6在 windows 系統(tǒng)的命令行狀態(tài)下，使用“telnet linux 主機 ip 地址”命令格式，登錄 linux 主機，以測試能否利用telnet 服

11、務器進行遠程登錄和訪問linux主機；安裝成功后，啟動telnet 服務，并在防火墻設置中將telnet 添加為信任服務；rootlocalhost server# chkconfig telnet on/啟動 telnet服務要求：為小組內每個成員分配一個用戶名和口令，方便以后實驗。rootlocalhost # telnet 192.168.80.182 trying 192.168.80.182. connected to 192.168.80.182 (192.168.80.182). escape character is . red hat enterprise linux ser

12、ver release 5.5 (tikanga) kernel 2.6.18-194.el5xen on an i686 login: teacher password: teacherlocalhost $ 7將整個 /etc目錄打包并壓縮成myetc.tar.gz文件，并保存在 /root 目錄中；rootlocalhost # tar zcf myetc.tar.gz /etc tar: 從成員名中刪除開頭的“/”tar: 從硬連接目標中刪除開頭的“/”rootlocalhost # find / -name myetc.tar.gz /root/myetc.tar.gz 5 8將整個

13、 /etc 目錄的文件列表保存到 /root/myfile.txt 文件中，然后將該文件打包壓縮成 myfile.txt.tar.bz2；rootlocalhost # ls -a /etc myfile.txt rootlocalhost # cat myfile.txt . . a2ps.cfg a2ps-site.cfg( 顯示很多只粘貼了部分 ) rootlocalhost # tar jcf myfile.txt.tar.bz2 myfile.txt tar: 從成員名中刪除開頭的“/”rootlocalhost # find -name myfile.txt.tar.bz2 ./myfile.txt.tar.bz2 9刪除 myfile.txt 文件；rootlocalhost # rm /root/myfile