句子結(jié)構(gòu)精講PPT課件

1、第1頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第3頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第4頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)附屬成分附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)。可以是：基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵?定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句 狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。短語(yǔ)或從句。定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Poor John went toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illu

2、strationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.第6頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class

3、 yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)第7頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第9頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)第10頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。作用中的一種。 作一種陳述作一種陳述 提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題 發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)求發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)

4、求 表示一種感嘆表示一種感嘆Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!第11頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（g

5、ave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說(shuō)出來(lái)，卻在句中表示句中被省略的成分，雖然未說(shuō)出來(lái)，卻在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分第12頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)簡(jiǎn)單句的擴(kuò)展成份簡(jiǎn)單句的擴(kuò)展成份簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)可以加上一個(gè)短語(yǔ)（如定語(yǔ)）來(lái)擴(kuò)展，簡(jiǎn)單句的主

6、語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)可以加上一個(gè)短語(yǔ)（如定語(yǔ)）來(lái)擴(kuò)展，及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與其它短語(yǔ)（如狀語(yǔ)）連用及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與其它短語(yǔ)（如狀語(yǔ)）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.H

7、e worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.第13頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以用連詞兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以用連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is

8、flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berl

9、in. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并第14頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語(yǔ)可由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語(yǔ)可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met

10、 Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。We sang all night. We danced all night

11、.We sang and danced all night.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并第15頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)并列句并列句需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞并列連詞連接連接起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。用分號(hào)：用分號(hào)：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號(hào)，后跟一個(gè)連接副詞：用分號(hào)，后跟一個(gè)連接副詞：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（

12、如用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.第16頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)并列句并列句常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor第17頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)并列句并列句并列句的詞序：并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡(jiǎn)單句

13、并列句基本上保留了簡(jiǎn)單句的詞序。的詞序。主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 連詞連詞 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡(jiǎn)單句型可用五種簡(jiǎn)單句型可用并列連詞并列連詞連接起來(lái)組成并列句。連接起來(lái)組成并列句。 主主 謂謂 狀（方式）狀（方式） 連連 主主 謂謂 表表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主主 謂謂 賓賓 連連 主主 謂謂 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 連連 主主 謂

14、謂 賓賓They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.第18頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)Exercise:請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but

15、 He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.第19頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個(gè)完整的句子,它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過(guò)把兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句 = 主句 + 從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句第20頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句是在簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)從屬連詞

16、將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)復(fù)合句是在簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)從屬連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句：句： 1. 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句3. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 4. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句5. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 6. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句1. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句2. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 3. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 2.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句3.

17、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 第21頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money wit

18、hout delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句第22頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句I dont know him.he has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句he is leaving for Washington.that he

19、is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.Whats the matter (with)?Whats wrong (with)?第23頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句the people surprised That What he s

20、aidWhat he did主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.第24頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句That is the fact.表表 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he wa

21、s ill.what has happened.第25頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.第26頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)

22、合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.第27頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)P(yáng)ut the book where you took it.where it was.at the placewhere you found it.加上at the place以上where引導(dǎo)的都是成

23、了定語(yǔ)從句第28頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)指出下列各從句的類型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.賓語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句PracticPracticPractice e e第29頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)用所給連詞連接句子。用所給連詞連接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I still re

24、member the day. I first went to New York on that day. (when)I still remember the day when I first went to New York.將各組句子連接為一個(gè)含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。PracticPracticPractice e eHe didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.第30頁(yè)/共35頁(yè)用所給連詞連接句子。用所給連詞連接句子。PracticPracticPractice e eHe didnt come to school on time yesterday. He was punished. (原因原因/結(jié)果結(jié)果)He didnt come to school on time yesterday. That was why he was punished. (表示結(jié)果）表示結(jié)果）He was punished. That was because he didnt come to school on time yesterday.=The reason was that he didnt come to school on time y