初中語法名詞所有格練習(xí)及講解

1、名詞所有格及練習(xí)講解是名詞的語法范疇之一。它是名詞和代詞的一種變化形式，在句中表示及其它詞的關(guān)系。名詞有三個(gè)格：主格、賓格和所有格。在英語中有些名詞可以加“s”來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。它有兩種不同的形式：一、在名詞尾加s。主要表示有生命的事物或自然界獨(dú)一無二的某些空間和時(shí)間名詞的所有格，如the worlds，the suns，the earths，todays，yesterdays等。1. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“s”，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加“s”。例the boys bag 男孩的書包mens room 男廁所2. 若名詞已有

2、復(fù)數(shù)詞尾又是s ，只加“”。例 the workers struggle工人的斗爭(zhēng)3. 凡不能加“s”的名詞，都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。例 the title of the song 歌的名字4. 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例 the barbers 理發(fā)店5. 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示“分別有”；只有一個(gè)s，則表示“共有”。例 Johns and Marys room(兩間)John and Marys room(一間)6. 在復(fù)合名詞或短語中，s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例 a month or tw

3、os absence7作為一個(gè)整體的詞組，一般在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加s。例 an hour and a halfs walk （步行一個(gè)半小時(shí)的路程）Carol and Charles boat （卡咯和查爾斯兩人共有的船）8. 不定代詞后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。例 somebody elses bag9. 下列情況可以將 s 所有格中的名詞省略。1)名詞所有格所修飾的詞, 如果前面已經(jīng)提到，往往可以省略，以免重復(fù)。例 This notebook is not mine, nor Johns, nor Peters. 這個(gè)筆記本不是我的，也不是約翰和比特的。The dicti

4、onary isnt mine, but Jennys. 這本詞典不是我的，而是珍妮的。2)名詞所有格后面有指地點(diǎn)等的名詞時(shí), 有的在習(xí)慣上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richardsons.the doctors（office）醫(yī)生的診所my uncles（house）我叔叔的家10起修飾作用的名詞，如不表示所有關(guān)系，通常不用s。例 room number tooth brush二、另外一種所有格是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語1.名詞的所有格形式除s外，還可用of+名詞構(gòu)成短語修飾前面的名詞或表示

5、兩個(gè)名詞間的所有關(guān)系。2. 使用名詞所有格須注意: 一般地說， s 所有格多用于有生命的東西，of 所有格多用于無生命的東西，但也有許多例外。1)表示天體的名詞的所有格用s。例 the suns heat the moons surface2)表示地區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞的所有格用s。例 the citys developmentthe governments plan3)表示度量及貨幣價(jià)值的所有格用s。例 ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4)表示“有關(guān)”非所有關(guān)系的用 of 介詞短語。例 students of the school t

6、he statue of liberty5)表示同位關(guān)系的用 of 介詞短語。例 the city of Pisa6)表示部分或全部的用 of 介詞短語。例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介詞短語。例 the cost of living the news of success8)名詞本身帶有后置修飾語或含有“the + 形容詞”表示一類人，其所有格用 of 介詞短語。例 the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have bee

7、n well trained9)有些表示時(shí)間、距離等無生命和表示世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等的名詞，也可以在詞尾加s或“ ”，變成相應(yīng)的所有格。例 five minutes walk 五分鐘的路程todays newspaper 今天的報(bào)紙3雙重所有格雙重所有格即 “ of + 名詞s 所有格”，表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分。用于修飾of前面的名詞，但此時(shí)of前面的名詞一定要有一個(gè)a(an)，two，any，some，several，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之類的修飾語(這個(gè)修飾語一般不能是one和the)。雙重所有格也可由“of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成, 如：a

8、 friend of mine 我的一位朋友。例 Do you know any friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us注：在雙重所有格中，用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的，而且一般指人。例 an old friend of my fathers（=one of my fathers old friends）我父親的一個(gè)老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨媽的可愛的孩子【鞏固訓(xùn)練】( )1. Jim was late for two class

9、es this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. room numberC. rooms number D. room numbers解析本題應(yīng)選D。起修飾作用的名詞，如不表示所有關(guān)系，通常不用s。本題房間和號(hào)碼不是所有關(guān)系。( )2. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storey B. five storeysC. five-storeys D. five storeys解析本題應(yīng)選A。( )3. - Whose umbrella i

10、s it?- Its _.A. somebody elses B. Somebody elseC. Somebodys elses D. Somebodys else解析本題應(yīng)選A。不定代詞后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。( )4. I feel terribly hot. Whats the _?A. temperature of roomB. rooms temperatures C. room temperatureD. temperature of rooms解析 本題應(yīng)選C。( )5. _ will make a trip around the world during

11、 the coming Christmas.A. The WhiteB. The WhitesC. The Whites D. The Whites解析 本題應(yīng)選 C。( )6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sistersC. Marys sisters D. Sister of Marys解析 本題應(yīng)選C。 那個(gè)女孩是瑪莉的姐姐的朋友。( )7. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and ShelleysB. Julias and Shell

12、eysC. Julia and ShelleyD. Julias and Shelley解析 本題應(yīng)選A。那個(gè)婦女是單數(shù)，是一個(gè)人。應(yīng)該是朱莉婭和謝莉兩人共同的母親。( )8. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest nightC. a nights rest D. a rest of night解析 本題應(yīng)選C。( )9 -Excuse me，where are _ offices?-Over thereA. teachers B. teachersC. the teachers D. the teachers解析 本題應(yīng)

13、選D。 D項(xiàng)的the teachers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式，修飾復(fù)數(shù)中心名詞offices。C項(xiàng)the teachers是單數(shù)名詞所有格形式，從語法上講不符合上下文，并且從內(nèi)容上講單個(gè)老師擁有若干offices也講不通，故舍之。A、B項(xiàng)前面少了定冠詞the，成了泛指的offices，無法達(dá)到交際的目的，因此也不選。( )10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changesround shape into a teardrop shape.A. of the drop B. the dr

14、opsC. drop of D. drops the解析本題應(yīng)選B?！癐t”是形式主語?！皌hat”引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。主語從句的謂語是“changesinto”“把變成”。其中“into”的前后應(yīng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。很明顯A和D都不行，不能把“changes”誤作名詞。C改變了“into”的平行關(guān)系。只有B既能及前邊的動(dòng)詞“changes”銜接，又能保持“into”的平行關(guān)系。( )11 Today is September 10th. Its_. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersdayB. TeachersDay

15、C. the Teachers dayD. TeachersDay解析 本題應(yīng)選B。 注意不加冠詞。2019年北京西城區(qū)、天津市和2019年長(zhǎng)沙市試題都考查了這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。( )12 Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-dayC. two-days D. two days解析 本題應(yīng)選B。 注意不同的表達(dá)方式：a two days holiday或a two-day holiday。( )13 This is my dress. That one is _.A. MaryB. Ma

16、rysC. shes D. his 解析 本題應(yīng)選B。 one指代前面所提的dress。那件裙子是瑪莉的，表示裙子屬于瑪莉。( )14. The is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shopC. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop解析 本題應(yīng)選B。名詞作定語可分兩種情況，一是名詞所有格；二是表示中心詞的性質(zhì)、材料、類別或性別等時(shí)，一般直接用名詞的單數(shù)形式，只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞必須用

17、復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處指商店的性質(zhì)，用單數(shù)形式，意思為：自行車商店就在拐角處，你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過它。( )15 The village is far away from her indeed. Its walk.A. a four hour B. a four hoursC. a four-hours D. a four hours解析 本題應(yīng)選D。冠詞、數(shù)詞、量詞和名詞連用有兩種形式：一種是a+數(shù)詞量詞的名詞所有格名詞，如果數(shù)詞大于“1”，量詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：a four miles journey; 另一種是：a數(shù)詞-量詞名詞，這時(shí)量詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：a four-mile walk. Exercis

18、es I.名詞所有格練習(xí).1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的語文書)3. _(雙胞胎的臥室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父親) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的鋼筆) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老師).7. _(教師節(jié)) is on September 10th .8. _(學(xué)生們的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(兒童節(jié)).10. He is in _(老師的辦公室) now.11

19、. Please open _(教室的門).12. _(趙敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林紅和張蔚的學(xué)校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母親) are American.15. _(劉偉的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的電腦) is broken.17. Its _(婦女節(jié)) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生們的書包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _(我父親的和她父親的朋友) are from Beijing.II. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習(xí)

20、.1. There are _(58個(gè)學(xué)生)in our class.2. There are _(65個(gè)班級(jí))in our school.3. I have _(13本書) in my schoolbag.4. Are there _(73套桌椅) in this classroom.5. Therere _(27個(gè)男生)and _(31個(gè)女生) in my class.6. There are _(15臺(tái)電腦) in that room.7. My grandma is _(82歲).8. There are _(44位女老師) in her school.9. There are _(9

21、4位男醫(yī)生) in that big hospital,10. I can see _(幾只鳥) in the tree.11. _(多少幅畫) are there in you bedroom ?12. I have _(3本字典).13. Can you see _(一些風(fēng)箏) in the sky ?14. Our school has _(2個(gè)圖書館) .15. There are _(12個(gè)月) in a year.16. Pauls father is _(57歲).17. There are _(13輛公共汽車) on the street.18. We can see _(18

22、個(gè)婦女) over there.19. There are _(22個(gè)孩子) in the room.20. I can see _(六杯茶) on the table.III. 用some和any填空.1. I have _good friends in my class.2. Is there _water in the bottle ?3. Do you have _money ?4. They dont have _time to go there.5. There are _cakes on the table.6. I dont have _milk for breakfast.7

23、. Does he have _brothers or sisters ?8. There arent _pictures on the wall.9. Can I ask _questions ?10. Are there _flowers in you classroom ? No, there arent _.11. We have _apples, but we dont have _pears.12. Is there _orange juice in the fridge ? Yes, there is _.13. I can speak _English, but I cant

24、speak _Russian.14. Do they have _color pencil ? No, they dont have _.15. There isnt _meat at home. I must go and buy _.16. Is there _tea in the cup ? No, there isnt _.17. I often have _noodles for lunch. My father has _rice for it.18. Can you give me _pieces of bread ?19. There are _desks here , but

25、 there arent _tables here.20. Would you like _hamburgers to eat ?IV. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換.A.把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?1. My sister can play the piano.2. Her parents are Chinese teachers.3. There is some coffee in the cup.4. There are some trees behind my house.5. I have some red coats.6. The boy can sing English songs.7. These are my books.8. Her father is a factory worker.B. 把下列句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，并寫出肯定和否定回?1. Tony can speak some Chinese.2. My aunt is a secretary.3. Ther