(完整word版)初中英語語法-定語從句

1、初中英語語法：定語從句的用法與練習(xí) 一、 定語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語 從句一般放在先行詞的后面。 二、 定語從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞， 關(guān)系代詞：that，which， who （賓格 whom，所有格 whose）等。 關(guān)系副詞:where， when，why 等。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用， 同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。 三、 定語從句的分類 根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制 性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號

2、分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從 句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、 關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作 賓語可省略。 例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。 （that 作主語） The coat （ that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。 （that作 賓語） 2. which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。 例如：The bu

3、ilding which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大 樓是一家超市。（作主語） The film （ which） we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。 （作賓語） 3. who, whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用 who 代替whom ,也可省略。例如： The girl who ofte n helps me with my En glish is from En gla nd. 經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那

4、 個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語） Who is the teacher （ whom） Li Mi ng is talki ng to ?正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓 語） 注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)， who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān) 系代詞前時(shí)，只能用 介詞+which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?Please tell me from whom you borrowed the En glish no vel. 請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文

5、小說。 （2） 含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are look ing for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 （3） that作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 （4） 關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況： a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾， 或本身是序數(shù)詞、 基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)， 只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first

6、person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。 b. 被修飾的先行詞為 all， any，much， many，everything， anything， none，the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用 that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？ c. 先行詞被 the only， the very， the same, the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用掰手教教育初中英語語法專題講座一一定語從句 that

7、，而不用 which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用 that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚記得我在 那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。 e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用 that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying ？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ f. 主句是there be

8、結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用 that，而不用 which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 （5）關(guān)系詞只能用 which，而不用that的情況： a. 先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如： What s that which is under the des？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？ b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用 which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c. 引導(dǎo)非

9、限制性定語從句，用 which，而不用that.例如： Tom came back， which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。 五、關(guān)系副詞的用法 （1） when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如： This was the time when he arrived.這是他至U達(dá)的時(shí)間。 （2） where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如： This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 （3） why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why

10、he is ofte n late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲至 U。 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lin es, _ from east to west. Those _ run from n orth to south are called ave nu es. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case _ e s had all his money stole n. A. whe

11、 n B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beiji ng this autum n, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. whe n C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or ani mals but he will paint any thi ng _ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl as

12、ks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him 5. How did you get in touch with the travel age nt, Robin? Oh, that s easy. I surfed the Internet and the n called one _ the teleph one nu mber is provided. A. which B. i n which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15th is my b

13、irthday,_ I will n ever forget. A. whe n B. that C. what D. which 7. The treatme nt will continue un til the patie nt reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. A. whe n B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research cen ters in Chi na _ a certa in disease called Bird Flu is bei

14、ng studied. A. which B. where C. whe n D. what 9. I hope that the little _ I have bee n able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. whe n 10. The time is not far away _ moder n com muni cati ons will become widespread in China s vast countryside. A. as B. whe n C. un til D. before

15、11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwa n is a part of Chi na. We must un ify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall n ever forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was laun ched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. whe n, which B. that, which C. which, that D. whe n, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much b

16、etter tha n _ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 5 14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, _ had bee n damaged by the flood, were give n help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. a

17、ll of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The huma ns are destro ying n ature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe puni shme nt from it sooner or later. 掰手教教育初中英語語法專題講座一一定語從句 A. who B. whe n C. on which D. which 17. Is this research cen ter _ you visited the moder n equipm

18、e nt last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. A. whe n B. that C. who D. where 19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and 20. He stayed there for quite

19、a long time, duri ng _ time he lear ned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same I. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. -Do you know the man _is talk ing with your father ? -Yes, he s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _ I can swim ? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This i

20、s the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _ the other day ? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _ with what I said may put up you han ds. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. wh