(完整版)高考同位語從句詳解與習(xí)題

1、同位語一個(gè) 名詞 ( 或其它形式 ) 對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞 ( 或其它形式 ) 就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊 挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr. Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds, “Did s

2、he die young because she was a clone?” 但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題： “ 多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且?只克隆羊嗎？ ”4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Greatlakes. 巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語從句用法一、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 在 復(fù)合句 中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。( 如 news ，idea ，fact ，promise ，quest

3、ion ，doubt ， thought ， hope ， message ， suggestion ， words （消息）， possibility 等 ) Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see youthis afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。I heard the news that our team had won我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。注：在名詞 doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用 whether 連接；在 no doubt“ 不懷疑”之后的同位

4、語從 句用 that 連接。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我們相信張衛(wèi)會(huì)守信的。2. 有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開， 在 語法 上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she lefthome.她突然想起可能在她

5、離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday由于 that 從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句 二、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞英語 中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有 連詞 (that ， whether), 連接代詞 (what,

6、who, whom, whose, which),能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）連接 副詞 (how, when, where) 等。（注：if, which 不1. 連詞 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（ idea 的同位語）【注 1】在某些名詞 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolutionthat 從句作等 ) 后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣

7、 (should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.【注 2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞 that 通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可 以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2. 連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 （注： if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）The question whether we should

8、call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。3. 連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose, whichI have no idea what size shoes she wears.引導(dǎo)同位語從句我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。I have no idea which wine is best its a matter of persona

9、l taste. 我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個(gè)人口味的問題。The question who will take his place is still not clear.4. 連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)同位語從句We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summervacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered. 三、同位語從句前名詞

10、的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞 加以修飾。(word 除外 )Where did you get the idea that I could not come四、同位語從句與 定語從句 的的語法區(qū)別 1 意義的不同？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?hào)；而定語從句是 限制 所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞 與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news 的內(nèi)容就是 that he will come ，

11、故 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句 )We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that 從句是限制 the news 的內(nèi)容的， 即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè) 而不是其他的 news ，故 that 從句為定語從句 )2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同newswhat, how, if, whatever3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞 ，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語， 要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。 如上例 that he told

12、us 中的 that 就充當(dāng) told 的賓語。五、補(bǔ)充1. 代詞 it 可用作同位語從句的先行詞。 這個(gè) it 常放在某些 動(dòng)詞 或短語動(dòng)詞 后作 賓語 ，同時(shí)兼作其后 that 同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞 it 后的 that 從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種 it 后的 that 從句應(yīng)看作 it 的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于 “ 主語 +be+ 表語 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。You must se to it that the children don't catch co

13、ld. (=You must see to it, andIt is that the children don't catch cold.)你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。2.短語 及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請(qǐng)的話，我就來。簡 析 ： 短 語 On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on theunderstanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assum

14、ption及句式There be + no doubt (hope, chance, possibility, 練習(xí)一用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空： ) 后的 that 從句為同位語從句。It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2. I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3. _the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4. It is hoped_natur

15、e will never be destroyed.5. _do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came_I was wanted at the office.7. Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?7. The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.

16、7. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. B.單項(xiàng)選擇It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3.-What are you anxious about?- _

17、A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the light

18、s.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that8.-What do you think of China?-_different

19、life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9.Give this to _you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that答案 A.

20、 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whateverB. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD練 習(xí) 二1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when