下載本文檔
版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1、初中英語語言材料的有效性輸入設(shè)計(jì)初初中英語語言材料的有效性輸入設(shè)計(jì)初探探陳惠燕摘要:語言的輸入是輸出的前提,初中英語教學(xué)可以從語言材料的有效性輸入著手,設(shè)置真實(shí)的語境,結(jié)合模塊話題,巧妙設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué),做到語言材料的輸入有效、高效,進(jìn)而提高初中英語教學(xué)的實(shí)效性。本文從課文教學(xué)中語言材料的輸入入手,結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)例闡述了基于話題模塊的語言材料的有效性輸入。關(guān)鍵詞:初中英語;語境;有效性輸入:g632.0 :a :1992-7711(2017)06-0032一、問題的提出初中英語的教學(xué)過程包含英語語言材料的輸入和輸出兩個(gè)過程。語言材料的輸入與輸出在語言學(xué)習(xí)和交際中相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)。krashen(1985
2、)的輸入理論認(rèn)為:輸入是語言習(xí)得的根本途徑1。ellis(1994)里提到 gass 所提出的理論框架,該框架對二語習(xí)得的過程做了一個(gè)概括性的說明,如下圖所示:可見,語言的習(xí)得過程是“輸入吸收輸出”的過程,輸入是輸出的必要前提。語言材料的輸入除了有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語感,提高學(xué)生對語言運(yùn)用的靈敏度和準(zhǔn)確性,還具有幫助學(xué)生積累一些有用的語言素材的作用。然而許多初中英語教師在組織課堂教學(xué)的過程中,只重視對語言知識的傳授,忽視了學(xué)生對語言的感受性學(xué)習(xí)和對有用語言素材的積累。由于教師對教學(xué)中語言材料輸入不夠重視,導(dǎo)致了諸如學(xué)生記不住單詞,英語語言表達(dá)能力較低等教學(xué)問題。筆者認(rèn)為教師可以從設(shè)置真實(shí)的語境,結(jié)
3、合模塊話題著手,巧妙設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué),提高初中英語教學(xué)語言輸入的實(shí)效性。二、基于話題模塊的有效性輸入設(shè)計(jì)1. 明確語言目標(biāo)首先,教師在設(shè)計(jì)語言輸入活動前必須明確語言輸入的目標(biāo)。以人教版初中英語七年級下冊 unit5 im watching tv 為例,教師需明確本單元的功能目標(biāo)是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)談?wù)撊藗冋谧鍪裁?,話題是日?;顒印R寣W(xué)生談?wù)撊粘;顒樱處熜柘认驅(qū)W生輸入相關(guān)日?;顒拥脑~匯,如:studying: be doing (ones)homework , be reading (a book) ; entertainment: be watching tv ,be playing computer
4、 games ; sports: be playing soccer ; beswimming 等。除此之外,教師還需讓學(xué)生熟悉相關(guān)的句型,如,what are youdoing ? , im watching tv .whats he/she doing? he/she is doinghomework.等。筆者認(rèn)為,只有教師本身清楚要向?qū)W生輸入什么,才能根據(jù)目標(biāo)去設(shè)計(jì)輸入活動,也只有這樣設(shè)計(jì)出來的輸入活動才是有效的。2. 設(shè)置真實(shí)語境初中英語的教學(xué)缺乏自然習(xí)得英語的環(huán)境,而語言又需發(fā)生在一定的情境中。所以,教師在設(shè)計(jì)語言輸入活動時(shí),應(yīng)該設(shè)置真實(shí)的語言輸入環(huán)境,使學(xué)生身臨其境,讓學(xué)生感知具體
5、的形象,進(jìn)行感受性的學(xué)習(xí)。仍然以人教版初中英語七年級下冊 unit5 im watching tv 為例,本單元涉及到新的語法結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),筆者在向?qū)W生輸入相關(guān)句型時(shí),會設(shè)置如下教學(xué)步驟:(the teacher holds a basketball in his hand )t : whats this?s1: its a basketball.t : can you play basketball? (maybe some students cannot answerthe question, teacher may give them smile and encouragement.)
6、s2: yes, i can.(give the basketball to the student)t : so, please play basketball for us? (students may be shy,teacher should try to give them courage . when the student is playingbasketball, the teacher asks)t : whats he doing? (give students 2 seconds to think over ,students may not answer the que
7、stion, since its a new sentence. thenteacher give the answer)t : he is playing basketball. (pay attention to the pronunciationof“is doing”and “is playing basketball”)using other things that prepared by the teacher to practice thesentences again and again.在這個(gè)教學(xué)過程中,筆者所設(shè)計(jì)的輸入活動使學(xué)生在一定的真實(shí)語境中去感受現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本句型,
8、利于學(xué)生的感受性學(xué)習(xí)。3. 優(yōu)化雙邊活動通過之前真實(shí)語境的設(shè)置,學(xué)生對詞匯和句型有了基本的感性認(rèn)識,在接下來的教學(xué)過程中,教師可以通過聽力和閱讀的訓(xùn)練對學(xué)生進(jìn)行反復(fù)的刺激,不斷加深他們對語言材料的印象。筆者仍以人教版初中英語七年級下冊 unit5 imwatching tv 為例,談?wù)劼牶妥x兩個(gè)輸入環(huán)節(jié)中雙邊活動的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問題。(1)聽力的設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用聽的技能來辨別和理解話語。聽的訓(xùn)練可以結(jié)合特定語境練習(xí)。以人教版初中英語七年級下冊 unit5 im watching tv (2a-2b)的聽力教學(xué)為例,筆者從聽前、聽中、聽后入手,設(shè)計(jì)了如下教學(xué)步驟: pre-listening.before l
9、istening, ask students to look at the two questions inactivity 2a.q1: what is steve doing?q2: does steve want to go to the movies?t: the conversation is talking about what steve is doing. and fromquestion 1, we know you may give the answer like “.” (try tohelp students to give the pattern)s1: we may
10、 answer the question 1 like “ he is + ving”t: clever boy. and what about question 2. we know that there will betwo kinds of answers, right?s2: yes.t: and what are they?s3: they are “yes, he does.” and “no, he doesnt”在聽前,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生預(yù)設(shè)答案,并告訴學(xué)生聽力的主題,幫助學(xué)生提前構(gòu)建聽力框架,對聽力的理解起到一定的作用。 while-listening.activity 1play
11、 the tape for the first time and ask students to listen only.play the tape for the second time and ask students to answer the twoquestions of activity 2a.give students 2 minutes to discuss their answers in pair.ask two students to write their answers on the blackboard.activity 2show the following pa
12、ragraph, play the tape again and ask studentsto listen and fill in the blanks.jack: hello, steve.steve: hi, jack.jack: what (1) you (2) , steve?steve: im (3) tv.jack: do you want to go to the (4) ?steve: that (5) good. this tv show is boring.students may not fill in all the blanks for the first time
13、, soteacher may play the tape again.walk around the class and give them help if necessary.encourage some students to write their answers on the blackboard.在聽中,教師適時(shí)的對課本材料做了整合,活動一的設(shè)置讓學(xué)生帶著問題聽,這樣學(xué)生聽的時(shí)候就有針對性,有的放矢聽。同時(shí)在核對答案環(huán)節(jié),采用了小組活動的形式進(jìn)行討論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作精神?;顒佣脑O(shè)置,讓學(xué)生聽力填空,利于學(xué)生通篇理解聽力材料,捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。post-listeningplay the
14、 tape and ask students to repeat the conversation above.teacher can play the tape sentence by sentence and ask the studentsto repeat one by one.聽后的跟讀可以讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步熟悉聽力材料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語感。(2)閱讀的設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用閱讀的技能來辨認(rèn)文字符號,理解文字的意義。閱讀訓(xùn)練除了可以是針對課文的有聲閱讀訓(xùn)練,包括邊聽課文錄音、邊看文字、邊理解詞句意義等,還可以運(yùn)用選擇、填充、補(bǔ)充、判斷和推理等形式對材料進(jìn)行處理?,F(xiàn)仍以人教版初中英語七年級下冊 unit5 i
15、m watching tv (3a)的閱讀教學(xué)為例,筆者從讀前,讀中,讀后入手,設(shè)計(jì)了如下教學(xué)步驟:pre-readingt: before reading the passage, please look at the four pictures inactivity 3a. the boy in the first picture is mike. and what is hedoing?s1: he is playing basketball.t: quite good. youre a clever boy. now look at picture 2, who isthe girl?
16、 what is she doing? and what about picture 3 and picture 4.try to guess.divide students into four groups and give them three minutes todiscuss with their partners.walk around the class and remind students to guess the answer in casethey should read the text to find the answer.t: ok. times up. now wh
17、at are your answers?try to encourage several groups to show their opinions.t: wow,your answers are all excellent. now lets begin to read thetext and find out who is correct.閱讀前,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察課文的插圖,做出適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)測,通過閱讀前的預(yù)測,學(xué)生鞏固了本單元的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型:he is + ving ; she is + ving .有助于學(xué)生對文章的初步理解,讓學(xué)生帶著疑問進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的閱讀,激發(fā)他們的求知欲,為讀中任務(wù)
18、的完成做鋪墊。while-readingactivity 1: skimming.t: now boys and girls, you have five minutes to read the text, andafter reading, try to get the main idea of it.a. its a letter about mikes four pictures.b. its a letter about lindas four pictures.c. its a letter about ginas four pictures.這個(gè)教學(xué)活動意在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速閱讀的能力。
19、教師設(shè)置較為簡單的問題,學(xué)生通過快速閱讀得以完成,于此同時(shí),略讀又可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生快速獲取文章主要信息的能力,利于提高學(xué)生的閱讀速度。activity 2: careful reading.t: now you have 10minutes to read the passage and try to choose thecorrect answers of these questions. ok, begin.1. the letter is froma. linda. b. mike. c. gina.2. where is mike playing basketball?a. at scho
20、ol. b. at home. c. at the pool3. who is linda?a. she is mikes sister.b. she is mikes pen pal.c. she is ginas pen pal.4. whats gina doing?a. she is playing basketball.b. she is swimming.c. she is doing her homework.ask several students to show their answers.t: now read the letter again and number the
21、 pictures in the rightorder.walk around and give the help if necessary.t: so after reading the letter, you have the answers to thequestions before reading that you have guessed, right?細(xì)讀是讀者通過仔細(xì)閱讀文章細(xì)節(jié),接受、記憶、分析閱讀材料的閱讀方法。學(xué)生通過細(xì)讀,從文章找到某一特定的信息,從而更進(jìn)一步理解文章。 post-readingread the passage and ask students to r
22、epeat.give students 5minutes to read the letter by themselves.(give helpif necessary)encourage several to read it out.在讀后的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)中,先讓學(xué)生跟讀然后朗讀。筆者在設(shè)計(jì)一些情節(jié)較為生動的閱讀材料時(shí),經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生分角色朗讀文章,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在朗讀中發(fā)掘文章深度的能力。三、反思與體會通過上述分析和論述,教師在設(shè)計(jì)有效的輸入活動時(shí)應(yīng)該做到明確語言目標(biāo)、設(shè)置真實(shí)語境、優(yōu)化雙邊活動。除此之外,筆者認(rèn)為,教師在設(shè)計(jì)聽和讀有效性活動時(shí)還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):首先,是教師在對學(xué)生進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練時(shí),不僅要將聽力原文和答案教給學(xué)生,更要教會學(xué)生聽力技巧,授之以
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 個(gè)人商鋪抵押借款合同范本
- 云服務(wù)器托管服務(wù)合同(三)
- 二手廠房買賣合同
- 個(gè)人勞動合同基礎(chǔ)版范本
- 二手挖掘機(jī)購銷合同范本
- 鄉(xiāng)村荒地租賃經(jīng)營合同
- 業(yè)務(wù)合作合同典范
- 個(gè)人車位轉(zhuǎn)讓合同范例文案
- 個(gè)人技術(shù)開發(fā)合同范本
- 臨時(shí)工招聘合同范本-含合同附件
- 2025年度高端商務(wù)車輛聘用司機(jī)勞動合同模板(專業(yè)版)4篇
- GB/T 45107-2024表土剝離及其再利用技術(shù)要求
- 2025長江航道工程局招聘101人歷年高頻重點(diǎn)提升(共500題)附帶答案詳解
- 2025年黑龍江哈爾濱市面向社會招聘社區(qū)工作者1598人歷年高頻重點(diǎn)提升(共500題)附帶答案詳解
- 執(zhí)行總經(jīng)理崗位職責(zé)
- 《妊娠期惡心嘔吐及妊娠劇吐管理指南(2024年)》解讀
- 《黑神話:悟空》跨文化傳播策略與路徑研究
- 《古希臘文明》課件
- 居家養(yǎng)老上門服務(wù)投標(biāo)文件
- 長沙市公安局交通警察支隊(duì)招聘普通雇員筆試真題2023
- 2025年高考語文作文滿分范文6篇
評論
0/150
提交評論