文學(xué)unit1Shakespeare

1、“All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”154 sonnets2 long poems38 playsTragedies Comedies History plays Tragic-comediesShakespeares Works King LearKing Lear OthelloOthello MacbethMacbeth Well-known ComediesnThe Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人威尼斯商人nA Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之夢仲

2、夏夜之夢nTwelfth Night 第十二夜第十二夜nAs You Like It 皆大歡喜皆大歡喜nAlls Well That Ends Well 終成眷屬終成眷屬nMuch Ado about Nothing 無事生非無事生非nKing John n1 Henry IV n2 Henry IV nHenry V nHenry VIII Sonnets He writes his sonnets in the popular English form, three quatrains四行詩四行詩 and a couplet對句對句 , with occasional variation;

3、 Sonnets 1-126: are addressed to a beautiful young man on the theme of friendship and beauty. Sonnets 127-152 are addressed to a dark lady, daughter of an Italian singer in London, who was Shakespeares mistress. Sonnets 153-154 are a kind of epigramepgrm 警句；諷刺短詩；雋語警句；諷刺短詩；雋語 .Thou a =you(主格）主格）Thy a

4、 =your（物主代詞（物主代詞）Thee i =you（賓格）（賓格）Sonnet 18 William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shinesAnd often is his gold

5、complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst:So long as a man can

6、breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.Have a try!Match the meaning with the quotation and the play.“Words, words, only words, no matter from the heart”Meaning: Empty words, not real thoughts or ideas from the heart.空話空話, ,空話空話, ,只是空話只是空話, ,沒有一點(diǎn)發(fā)自內(nèi)心沒有一點(diǎn)發(fā)自內(nèi)心. .Romeo,

7、 Romeo, why are you Romeo ? Deny your father, and refuse your name羅密歐羅密歐, ,羅密歐羅密歐, ,你為什么是羅密歐你為什么是羅密歐? ?否定你的父親放棄否定你的父親放棄你的姓氏你的姓氏. .Version In modern English“Neither a borrower nor a lender be” Meaning: It is best not to lend (money) to others and not to borrow from others. When we lend sth, we risk l

8、osing both the thing we lend and the friendship with the other person.別借債別借債, ,莫放債莫放債. .Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. Meaning: A person who has great responsibility, such as a king, is constantly worried and therefore doesnt sleep soundly.頭戴王冠頭戴王冠, ,寢食不安寢食不安. .“To be or not to be: that is

9、 the question”Meaning: That is a question whether to live on in this world or to die, that is, to take action or to do nothing.生存還是毀滅生存還是毀滅, ,這是個(gè)問題這是個(gè)問題. .“Lifes but a walking shadow; a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And is heard of no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot

10、, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.”- Macbeth Act V; s.5人生不過是一個(gè)行走的影子，一個(gè)在舞人生不過是一個(gè)行走的影子，一個(gè)在舞臺上指手劃腳的笨拙的憐人，登場片刻，臺上指手劃腳的笨拙的憐人，登場片刻，便在無聲無息中悄然退去，這是一個(gè)愚便在無聲無息中悄然退去，這是一個(gè)愚人所講的故事，充滿了喧嘩和騷動，卻人所講的故事，充滿了喧嘩和騷動，卻一無所指。一無所指。麥克白麥克白 The evidence suggests that it was a three-storey, open-air amphitheatre approxi

11、mately 100 feet (30 m) in diameter that could house up to 3,000 spectators. Reconstructed in the 1990sA modern reconstruction of the Globe, named Shakespeares Globe, opened in 1997. It is approximately 230 metres (750 ft) from the site of the original theatre.The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

12、, or more simply Hamlet, is believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. remarryKing and chamberlainFather and sonBoth died in a duelFather and soncoupleloversFather and daughterNephew and Unclebrother ghost earGertrudethronemadnesssecrecyOpheliaA play within the playThe primary function is

13、to trap Claudius into revealing his guilt. Hamlets trap works, and Claudius leaves the play before it is finished. When the murder scene is presented, Claudius abruptly rises and leaves the room, which Hamlet sees as proof of his uncles guilt. prayerfor the King would be murdered in a state of repen

14、tance and would surely go to heaven. This would be a benefit and not revenge. Gertrude summons Hamlet to her closet to demand an explanation. Hamlet, believing it is Claudius hiding behind the curtain, stabs wildly through the cloth, killing Polonius. killedmaddrowned- Soft you now!The fair Ophelia!

15、 Nymph, in thy (your) orisons Be all my sins rememberd. -Hamlet且慢！美麗的奧菲利婭！且慢！美麗的奧菲利婭！女神，女神，在你的祈禱之中，不要忘記替我懺悔在你的祈禱之中，不要忘記替我懺悔我的罪孽。我的罪孽。Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains maidenly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands she had gathered

16、. graveexchangesonkillinghttp:/ sleep: perchance to dream:ay, theres the rub;For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause: theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppres

17、sors wrong, the proud mans contumely,The pangs of despisd love, the laws delay,The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?.睡著了也許還會做夢；嗯，阻礙就在這兒：因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們擺脫睡著了也許還會做夢；嗯，阻礙就在這兒：因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟將要做些了這一具

18、朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟將要做些什么夢，那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。人們甘心久困于患難之什么夢，那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。人們甘心久困于患難之中，也就是為了這個(gè)緣故；誰愿意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、中，也就是為了這個(gè)緣故；誰愿意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費(fèi)盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視，要是的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費(fèi)盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視，要是他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。n誰愿意負(fù)著這樣的重?fù)?dān)，在煩勞的生命的壓迫誰愿意

19、負(fù)著這樣的重?fù)?dān)，在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因?yàn)閼峙虏豢芍乃篮?，下呻吟流汗，倘不是因?yàn)閼峙虏豢芍乃篮?，懼怕那從來不曾有一個(gè)旅人回來過的神秘之國，懼怕那從來不曾有一個(gè)旅人回來過的神秘之國，是它迷惑了我們的意志，使我們寧愿忍受目前是它迷惑了我們的意志，使我們寧愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去？的磨折，不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去？這樣，重重的顧慮使我們?nèi)兂闪伺撤颍@樣，重重的顧慮使我們?nèi)兂闪伺撤?，決心的赤熱的光彩，被審慎的思維蓋上了決心的赤熱的光彩，被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色，偉大的事業(yè)在這一種考慮之下，一層灰色，偉大的事業(yè)在這一種考慮之下，也會逆流而退，失去了行動的意義。也會逆流而退，失去了行動的意義。suffer the life passivelyto end ones sufferingsactively?To beTo live and not to take a