第十講：句子翻譯中的語序問題2

1、translation skill restructuring within the sentence句內(nèi)語序的調(diào)整einstein confessed, “to make a goal of comfort or happiness has never appealed to me." 愛因斯坦承認(rèn)：理論探討：英文原文中主語是不定式，賓語是人稱代詞me,這是物稱表達(dá)方式(impersonal)o而漢語則相反，更習(xí) 慣人稱表達(dá)方式。這是英漢兩種思維模式造成的。英語思維注重客觀性，客體常作主語，而漢語更注重思維的主體, 因此敘述客觀事物時，多從自我出發(fā)。語言是思維的外殼。英漢互譯屮常要

2、做這種物稱和人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換或調(diào)整。the little chap's good-natured honest face won his way for him.from the moment we stepped into people's republic of china (wuhan institute of technology) , care and kindness surrounded us on every side.i. different word order in english and chinesein the practice of english ch

3、inese translation, we often have to adjust or rearrange the word order on account of the different syntax of these two languages. for instance, in english attributive phrases and clauses usually follow the words being modified (antecedents), whereas in chinese such phrases and clauses always precede

4、s the words being modified.most of the information we have got is through that channel.the sequence of events is also different.his address is 3612 market street, philadelphia, pa. 19104, usa.the sequence of the adverbials of time and place is different. adverbial of mannersmy uncle passed away in h

5、ospital at 2:30 a.m on september 12, 2003possessive pronouns and personal pronouns can precede the person in english. chinese is different.the fear that their port would lose its importance also worried the people of baltimore.young as he is，the little boy has learned a lot.2. restructuring in engli

6、sh-chinese translation1) the order of clauses in english and chineseenglish sentences are generally bound by syntactical rules, and they are often arranged in order of importance; while chinese sentences are more flexible, and usually arranged according to the sequenceof time.1. we had been dismayed

7、 at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one after another fro three years after we left china in 1959.2. rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected that there is a "high-temperature belt，in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty

8、miles above the ground.3) the position of expressions expressing judgment or conclusionwhen a "that" clause is used together with the formal subject "it", expressing a judgment or conclusion, restructuring is often called for in chinese translation. besides, the adverbial express

9、ing judgment in english is usually end-positioned in chinese translation.5. it was a keen disappointment that i had to postpone the visit i had intended to pay to china in january.6.1 believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that europe should increasingly unite and speak

10、with a common voice.7- it was really a mystery to the neighbors that mary, the ugly woman, could succeed in ordering about her husband, the strong-armed blacksmith, well-known far and wide, and having him where she wanted him.adverbial expressing judgment8. they, not unexpectedly, did not respond.9.

11、 illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.10. with the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.steal eggssteal eggs for the dogsteal eggs for the dog who is fighting with the cat who lives at the eastern end of the v

12、illage. 村東頭的王大媽來了，受欺騙的村民們也來了。there came aunt wang at the eastern end of the village, and also came the villagers who had been deceived.she hadnt hit the boy since he was thirteen, when he started looking down at her and his hands werealready twice the size of hers.3 restructuring in chinese-english

13、translationa.句中成分的大小、距離，漢語的語序與英語語序正好相反。1. 他在武漢工程大學(xué)外語學(xué)院辦公室工作。he works at the office of the foreign language school of wuhan institute of technology.2. 中國湖北武漢江夏區(qū)流芳街特一號武漢市工藝美術(shù)品總公司出口大樓b.有些并列成分的組合，隱含著邏輯事理的制約，并列的概念之間有輕重、主次、高低、強(qiáng)弱、 大小的差別。例如：大?。鹤笥遥好鞅媸欠牵簴|南西北衣食住行：你、我、他中小企業(yè)高新技術(shù) 救死扶傷：繁衍生息：社會主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國一位美國的現(xiàn)代優(yōu)秀作家在翻譯

14、過程中為了清晰表達(dá)意見，要進(jìn)行語序的調(diào)整。如在列舉一系列名城或現(xiàn)象時，漢語通常 習(xí)慣把概括性、總結(jié)性、總數(shù)的詞語放在列舉名詞之后，而英語習(xí)慣放在列舉名詞之前。1. 這所大學(xué)現(xiàn)有電子計算機(jī)、地球物理、遺傳工程等三個新建的專業(yè)。2. 這家商店賣香煙、帽子、糖果、罐頭等雜貨物品。2.句中多個動詞分句成分的處理漢語句中的事件與行為均按其發(fā)牛的先后順序排列，它反映了人們邏輯思維的過程及中國人對事 件發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識。而英美人的邏輯思維過程與我們不同。例如：1. 他起身拿了雨傘就走了。2. 沒有票怎么去看電影呢？3. 我吃了午飯就出去給你買藥。句中修飾成分的處理2.1.多個狀語時，狀語語序的調(diào)整與安排

15、3.1.1分置狀語以求結(jié)構(gòu)平衡民族地區(qū)在國家的扶持和其它地區(qū)的支援下,通過自己的艱苦奮斗,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長加快，各項事業(yè)全 面發(fā)展。民族地區(qū)：ethnic minority areas ；各項事業(yè)：various undertakings2.具有濃郁的東方氣息的中國地毯交易會自1975年起己先后在天津、北京、上海舉辦過19屆。 中國地毯交易會：china carpet fair ； 東方氣息：oriental flavor32定語語序的調(diào)整，前置定語與后置定語的選擇在現(xiàn)代英語中，為了追求語言簡潔，其定語發(fā)生了一些變化：（1）前置定語形容詞常被名詞替代（2）后置定語可轉(zhuǎn)為前置定語。如后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，

16、僅是介詞加名詞，?？赊D(zhuǎn)為前置定語。（3）前置定語也要受一定限制：不能過于復(fù)雜，名詞不能過多重疊等。由于英語往往要比原中文長，翻譯時應(yīng)盡量用詞簡潔，使譯文變短。而前置定語往往能使語言簡練， 但有時定語過長，也不要勉強(qiáng)使用。3.2.1前置定語的使用我在耶魯（yale）上大一時,有7個從中國大陸來的本科生，如今有兩人受聘于大名鼎鼎的華爾 街投資銀行。3.2.2后置定語的使用如果前置結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜，也可考慮改用后置定語。 上海將建成國際經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融、貿(mào)易和航運中心。shanghai will turn into an international economic, financial, trade and

17、 shipping center. shanghai will turn into an international center ofvfor economy, finance, trade and shipping.323多定語與長定語的處理平衡前置定語與后置定語1.我國進(jìn)行了卓有成效的雙邊和多邊外交活動。china has conducted fruitful diplomatic activities in both bilateral and multilateral contexts.2.中國以嶄新的面貌向全世界宣布舊中國積貧積弱、受盡屈辱、沒有外交尊嚴(yán)的時代一去不復(fù)返了。也不一定productionput the followi