高三英語 復(fù)習與訓(xùn)練二冠詞和數(shù)詞

1、高三英語復(fù)習與訓(xùn)練二冠詞和數(shù)詞2. 冠詞和數(shù)詞 2.1 不定冠詞的用法冠詞本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。不定冠詞a （an）與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作e，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做en。1） 表示"一個"，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certain。例如： a mr. ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。2） 代表一類人或物。例如： a knife is a to

2、ol for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。 mr. smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程師。3） 組成詞組或成語，如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。 2.2

3、 定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這）個"的意思，但意義較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。1）特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如： take the medicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過的人或事。例如： he bought a house.i've been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。3）指世上獨一物二的事物，如the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth等。 4）與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍；

4、或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面。例如： where do you live?i live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 that's the very thing i've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體。例如： they are the teachers of this school.（指全體教師） they are teachers of this sch

5、ool. （指部分教師）7）表示所有，相當于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如： she caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前。例如： the people's republic of china 中華人民共和國 the united states 美國9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如： she plays the piano.她會彈鋼琴。10） 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人。例如： the greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫婦）11） 用在慣用語中。例如：in the day, i

6、n the morning （afternoon，evening）,the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky （water，field，country）in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle （of）,in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 2.3 零冠詞的用法 1） 國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：england，mary。2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表

7、示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞。例如： they are teachers. 他們是教師。3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞。例如： failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞，當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞。例如： man cannot live without water.離開水人就無法生存。5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞。例如： we go to school from monday to friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位

8、的名詞前不加冠詞。例如： the guards took the american to general lee. 士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。7）在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞，如have breakfast，play chess。 8）當兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時，常省去冠詞。例如： i can't write without pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。9）當by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞，如by bus，by train。 10）有些個體名詞不用冠詞，如school，college，prison，marke

9、t，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義。例如： go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）11）不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞； a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞時。 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞。例如：he came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定詞組中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。 2.4 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1） 兩個形容詞都有冠詞，

10、表示兩個不同的人或物。例如： he raises a black and a white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。 the black and the white cats are hers.這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。2） 如后一個形容詞無冠詞，則指一人或一物。例如：he raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。 2.5 冠詞位置 1） 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a. 位于such，what，many，half等形容詞之后。例如： i have never seen such an animal. 我從來沒見過這樣

11、的動物。 many a man is fit for the job. 許多人適合這崗位。b. 當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。例如： it is as pleasant a day as i have ever spent. 我從未這么高興過。 so short a time 如此短的時間 too long a distance 距離太遠了c. quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可，如：rather a cold day/

12、a rather cold day。d. 在as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放形容詞后。例如：brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。2） 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。例如：all the students in the class went out.班里的所有學生都出去了。 2.6 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫

13、數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。一、基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或three hundred and forty-five。2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但遇下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)： a. 與of 短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連用，如scores of people 指許多人； b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里。例如：they arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕?c. 表示"幾十歲"。 d. 表示"年代"，用 i

14、n +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 e. 在乘法運算的一種表示法里，如three fives is（are）fifteen。二、序數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st等。三、 數(shù)詞的用法1）倍數(shù)表示法 a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+ as + adj. + as。例如 i have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+ the size （amount，length） of。例如： the earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地

15、球是月球的49倍。 c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+ 形容詞（副詞）比較級+ than。例如： the grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。 d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍。例如： the production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。2）分數(shù)表示法的構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： 1/3

16、one-third； 3/37 three and three-sevenths. 2.7 冠詞練習1.when linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed.a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the2.he has promised to give up _ hundreds of times.a. a tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos3._

17、usually go to church every sunday.a. the brown b. a brown c. browns d. the browns4.the train is running fifty miles _.a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour5.he can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.a. at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute6

18、.the investigators found that more should be done for _ in india.a. those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor7.you look in high spirit. you must have _ during your holiday.a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time 8.the city assigned a policeman to the school

19、crossing because _ traffic there was so heavy.a a b. an c. the d. one9.a new teacher was sent to the village in place of _ one who had retired.a. a b. the c. an d. its 10.virtue and vice are before you;_ leads you to happiness,_ to misery.a. the formerlatter b. a formera latterc. the formerthe latte

20、r d. formerlatter11.the children in the kinder-garden soon took _ to their teachers.a. quite fancy b. a quite fancy c. quite a fancy d. the quite fancy12._ tend to bemoan the lack of character in the young generation.a. the old b. old c. elderly d. older13.a man suffering from a chock should be

21、 given _.a. hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet tea d. one hot sweet tea14.he answered my questions with _ not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy.a. his accuracy b. a accuracy c. the accuracy d. an accuracy15.if you go by train you can have quite _ comfortable journey.a. the b. on

22、e c. a d. that16.were going to _ with _ today, arent we?a. the teathe smiths b. teathose smiths c. a teaa smith d. teathe smiths17.i want an assistant with _ knowledge of french and _ experience of office routine.a. thethe b. athe c. aan d. thean18.anns habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the r

23、oad early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and _ they took her to the court.a. in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end19.it is reported that today _ president will have lunch with _ president omon.a. thethe b. aa c. the/ d. /20.tianan men square and _ great wall are tow of the places eve

24、ryone should see in _ peoples republic of china.a. thethe b. / c. the/ d. /the21.it has long been known that there is an electric field _.a. inside the earth b. inside earth c. inside an earth d. on earth22._ much harder work, the volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire_.a. by the means

25、 ofunder the control b. by means ofunder controlc.by means ofunder a control d. by a means ofunder control23.no sooner had the man departed than the tree began dropping coffee beans _.a. by the thousand b. by a thousand c. by thousands d. by thousand24.he expressed _ of their having ever been marrie

26、d.a. the doubt b. a doubt c. doubt d. an doubt25.he saw through the little boys tricks _.a. at glance b. at the glance c. at some glance d. at a glance26.their victory is _,for theyve lost too many men.a.out of question b. out of the question c. out question d. of question27.many a girl wants to bec

27、ome _.a. some secretary b. a secretary c. secretary d. secretaries28.he grabbed me _ and pulled me onto the bus.a. a arm b. an arm c. the arm d. by the arm29.ill come in _ minute; in fact ill come _ moment im through.a./the b. athe c. thea d. /30.this is one of _ interesting books on your subject.a.

28、the most b. the most of the c. most d. most of the 31.he enjoys life _ the “queen anne”.a. on a board b . on board c. in the board d. board32.he lost his fob and _ his wife left him.a. on that top b. on top of that c. on a top of that d. on the top33.most of the representatives think that _ the meet

29、ing was very successful.a. on whole of b. on a whole c. on the whole d. on the whole that34.under no circumstances will there be wage control while i am _ of the government.a.the head b. a head c. head d. that head35.like his sister, david needed _ from some generous person in order to get home.a. a

30、 ride b. some ride c. ride d. the ride36.the brains left hemisphere controls logic and language, while _controls intuitive talents and musical ability.a. the right b. a right c. that right d. right one37._ is setting up a research team to see how children react to video games.a. the japans health mi

31、nistry b. japans health ministryb. a japans health ministry d. japan health ministry38.unlike americans, who seem to prefer coffee,_ a great deal of tea.a. english drink b. the english drink c. english man drink d. the english drinks39.hundreds of people are _ now, so there are about 50 people tryin

32、g for the same position.a.out of the work b. out work c. out of work d. out of a work40.his mother taught _ ,but his father was only a blue-collar worker.a. piano b. an piano c. the piano d. a piano41.contrary to what i had expected, he lost for _.a second time b. a second time c. second times d. th

33、e second time42.fashions change and people change too, but the old feeling remains _.a. the same b. same c. that same d. as same43.we are going to dine tomorrow with _ to celebrate christmas day.a. the cunning b. cunnings c. the cunnings d. cunnings 44.this is _ which is collected before the first r

34、ain in spring.a. one tea b. a tea c. the tea d. that tea45._ is known by its note,_ is known by his talk.a. a bird/a man b. one bird/one man c. the bird/the man d. bird/man46.never travel with _ who leaves you in case of danger.a. the friend b. that friend c. a friend d. friend47.do you think it pos

35、sible for the north pole to have _ a few thousand years from now?a. shanghai b. a shanghai c. the shanghai d. one shanghai48.i dont think _ is a better car than our makes.a. a ford b. fords c. the ford d. ford49.i didnt know why he looked angry when i patted him _.a. on the head b. on head c. o

36、n a head d. on his head50.he never fails to give you _ when you are in trouble.a. his helping hands b. the helping hand c. helping hands d. a helping hand51.the historical events of that period are arranged _.a. in alphabetical order b. in an alphabetical orderb. in the alphabetical orders d. in a a

37、lphabetical orders52.the like to take a vacation _.a. one time the year b. one time in a year c. once a year d. once in a year53.“what is todger?” “he is _.”a. a poet and novelist b. a poet and a novelistb. poet and novelist d. the poet and novelist54.“how did you pay the workers?”“as a rule, they a

38、re paid _.”a. by an your b. by the hour c. by a hour d. by hours55.the dmz extends about two hundred kilometers _.a. from east to west b. from the east to west c. from the east to the west d. from eastern to western56.what _ are you planning to buy?a. make of car b. make of the car c. make of a car

39、d. make of cars57._,you cant fool her.a. the child though rowena is b. though child rowena isb. as child rowena is d. child as rowena is 58.whats _ is to get information about the situation first.a. the wisest b. a wisest c. the wiser d. wisest59.the differences between _ are gradually bei

40、ng eliminated.a. the town and the country b. town and countryb. a town and a country d. a town and the countrysts hope to send an expedition to mars during _.a. the 1990s b. the 1990 c. 1990s d. 1990s 2.8 數(shù)詞練習1._ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.a. thousand upon thou

41、sand of b. thousand and thousands ofc. thousands upon thousands of d. thousand and thousand of2.they received _ of letters about their tv programs.a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens3.who is that man,_ in the front row?a. one b. the one c. first d. the first4.we have produced _ this year a

42、s we did in 1993.a. as much cotton twice b. as twice much cottonc. much as twice cotton d. twice as much cotton5.the earth is about _ as the moon.a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big6.the population of many alaskan cities has _ in the past three years

43、.a. more than doubled b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled than7.the moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth.a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large8.five hundred yuan a month _ enough to live on.a. is b. are c. is bei

44、ng d. has been9._ of the buildings were ruined.a. three fourth b. three four c. three-fourths d. three-four10.consult _ for questions about earthquakes.a. the six index b. index six c. sixth index d. index numbering six11.she went to the countryside _.a. in the morning at nine/on june first,1968 b.

45、on june first,1968/in the morning at ninec. at nine in the morning/on june first,1968 d. on june first,1968/at nine in the morning12.three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ covered with water.a. are b. is c. were d. be13.this month the production of stainless steel in our steelworks has increase

46、d _ 2,000 tons.a. with b. in c. on d. by14.with the miniaturization of the structural components the weight of these electric devices has decreased _ 30 percent.a. as b. with c. in d. by15.the olympic games are held _.a. every four years b. every four year c. every fourth years d. every four-years16

47、.as he is not in good health, he goes to his factory only _ just to learn something about the progress of experiment.a. once a week b. one week c. one time a week d. one a week17.three students _ in this university come from the south.a. of ten b. out of in ten c. out of ten d. in tens18.strings of

48、the same thickness made of nylon are _.a. five times stronger than those b. five time stronger than thosec. five times strong than those d. five times stronger as those19.the wheels of the old wagon are nearly _ those of a modern car.a. twice the size of b. twice size of c. twice sizes of d. twice t

49、he size of20.one day on the moon is _.a. two earth week long b. two earth weeks long b. two earth weeks longer d. two earth weeks length 附：限定詞練習1.my hand was hurt. could you do _ typing for me?a. some b. many c. such d. any2.there were _ students in the reading room.a. neither b. not c. no d. n

50、one3.if it is of _ use to you, please take it.a. some b. many c. no d. any4.ive invited five people to tea this afternoon. out of them, only john and mary can come,_ cant.a. other b. the other c. others d. the others5.most english people go to spain for the sea, the sun and all the _ things associat

51、ed with a relaxing holiday.a. any b. another c. some d. other6._ were ironed by my mother yesterday.a. the all sheets b. all of sheets c. all the sheets d. sheets of all7.as usual,_ man was given his individual assignment.a. every b. each c. all d. both8.they saw _ girls the day before yesterday.a.

52、both the other two b. the two other both c. the both other two d. the both two other9.one uses the freezer, the computer and the business school to manufacture _ dishes in never a tick longer than 100 seconds.a. such others b. other such c. such other d. other such a 10._ boxer was strong, but _ had

53、 a good build and was light on his feet.11._ was astonished to find himself rooting and shouting in a most undignified manner.a. many elderly man b. a many elderly men c. many an elderly man d. many elderly men12.i know now, of course, there is _ as love.a. no such a thing b. not such thing c. not a thing d. no such thing13.as