新廣州版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)U4Inventions精講精練(1)12頁(yè)

1、Unit 4 InventionsStep 1 課內(nèi)知識(shí)鞏固【必記單詞】funny【 】 create 【 】 telephone【 】 comfortable 【 】century【 】 invent【 】 since【 】 anytime【 】develop【 】 special【 】 wing【 】 introduction【 】【短語(yǔ)歸納】1.light bulb 電燈泡 2.in history 在歷史上3.at the start of 在初期 4. since then 從那以后5. each other 彼此 6.millons of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的7.mobile phone 手機(jī)

2、 8.keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系9.in the daytime 在白天 10.make noises 制造噪音11.keep off 使遠(yuǎn)離 12.in front of 在的前面13.at the same time 同時(shí) 14.in a shorter time 在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)15.throw away 扔掉 16.turn into 變成17.in the future 在將來(lái) 18.right now 現(xiàn)在19.all the time 一直 20.make a mess 弄得一團(tuán)糟21.lead to 導(dǎo)致，引起 22.with the help with 在的

3、幫助下【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】1、 advertisement 廣告 ad 縮寫(xiě) Miss White recently placed an in the local newspaper. 懷特小姐最近在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上刊登了一則廣告。2、 funny 可笑的；滑稽的 adjYoure an extremely funny man. 你是一個(gè)非?；娜?。*區(qū)分fun 與 funny1） fun 與 funny都可以作形容詞，但fun還可以作名詞。例如：玩的開(kāi)心_ _ _ _ 或者_(dá) _2） fun 有趣的；令人愉快的。 近義詞：interesting。Jane is . 簡(jiǎn)是一個(gè)很有意思的人。3） funn

4、y 滑稽的、古怪的。Jane is . 簡(jiǎn)是一個(gè)很滑稽的人。3、 create 創(chuàng)作；創(chuàng)造 v拓展：creation 創(chuàng)造物 ，作品n creator 創(chuàng)造者 ncreative 有創(chuàng)造力的adjcreativity 創(chuàng)造力 n試翻譯：這個(gè)創(chuàng)造者創(chuàng)作了這個(gè)作品，他很有創(chuàng)造力。The _ _ the _ ,he is _.【辨析】 create 和 make create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作創(chuàng)造出原來(lái)并不存在的東西make創(chuàng)造，制作通過(guò)工作制造出某種東西例如：（1）.誰(shuí)創(chuàng)造了世界？Who _ the world?（2）.他制造了這塊手表。He _the watch.4、telephone 電話(huà) n 給打電

5、話(huà)v 其縮寫(xiě)形式是_, 移動(dòng)電話(huà)，手機(jī)是_.給某人打電話(huà)的表達(dá)：telephone /phone sb call sb (up)give sb a callmake a telephone call to sb I felt so bad that I my friend ./ 我心里實(shí)在難受，于是打電話(huà)給歐文。I _ my father _ _ yeaterday.昨天我給爸爸打電話(huà)了。I _ _ _ _ to Lucy last night.昨晚我給Lucy打了個(gè)電話(huà)。fortable 舒適的 adj，其比較級(jí)是_ _. comfortably 舒適地 adv uncomfortable

6、使人不舒服的 adj A home should be and friendly. 家應(yīng)該讓人感覺(jué)到舒適、親切的。6.century 世紀(jì) n in the early 19th century = at the start of the 19th century. 在19世紀(jì)初in the late 19th century = at the end of the 19th century. 在19世紀(jì)末He was the most famous writer in 19th . 他是19世紀(jì)最著名的作家。7.invent 發(fā)明 v發(fā)明家 n ： 發(fā)明 n ： 辨析：invent 與dis

7、coverinvent發(fā)明客觀上沒(méi)有，發(fā)明以前未曾有過(guò)的東西；如發(fā)明新的使用工具、方法。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀已經(jīng)存在，但不為人知的東西或者事物。1. 愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了電燈。Edison _ the electric light bulb.2. 我在樹(shù)下發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊很漂亮的石頭。I _ a beautiful stone under the tree.8.practical 有用的 adjOur clothes are lightweight, fashionable and for holidays.我們的服裝輕便、時(shí)尚，并且很適合度假穿。拓展：practice 練習(xí) n practise

8、練習(xí) v現(xiàn)在我們正在做一些練習(xí)。Now we are doing some _.9.distance 距離 n Its no . = Its no far. 路不遠(yuǎn)?！就卣埂縜t a distance隔一段距離， 距離稍微遠(yuǎn)一些in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處from the distance 從遠(yuǎn)處這只小貓從遠(yuǎn)處回來(lái)了。The cat came back _ _ _.10.lamp 燈 n candle 蠟燭 n bright 明亮的adjturn off 關(guān)燈 turn on 開(kāi)燈 請(qǐng)打開(kāi)燈。Please _ _ the _.11.develop v 開(kāi)發(fā)、研發(fā) （與invent發(fā)明

9、不同，是在原有基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步提高、改進(jìn)）We need to _ solar energy.我們需要開(kāi)發(fā)太陽(yáng)能。拓展：development 發(fā)展 n developed 發(fā)達(dá)的 adj developing 發(fā)展中的 adj發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家：a country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家：a country 12.help sb do sth 幫助某人做某事, help 后跟省略to的不定式，類(lèi)似的用法還有，使某人做某事 make sb do sth I _ him _ his wallet. 我?guī)椭业搅隋X(qián)包。The boss _ the workers _ more than 10 hours every da

10、y.這個(gè)老板讓工人每天工作超過(guò)10小時(shí)。13.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.它們?nèi)菰S人們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候，在任何地點(diǎn)彼此保持聯(lián)系。（1）allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事他們?cè)试S孩子們?nèi)ス珗@。They _ their children _ go to the park.(2) keep in touch （with） sb 與保持聯(lián)系 與stay in touch with同義Do you still_ in _ _your parents regularly after y

11、ou leave them?你離開(kāi)父母以后還經(jīng)常與他們保持聯(lián)系嗎？14.With sunlight, air and water, we can be alive on Earth. 有了陽(yáng)光、空氣和水，我們才能在地球上生存。with 有 without 沒(méi)有 沒(méi)有水，我們無(wú)法存活。We cant live _ _.15.The new cars made loud noises and frightened them.這些新汽車(chē)發(fā)出很大的噪音，讓他們感到害怕。make noises意思是：發(fā)出噪音，弄出生音；也可以用make a noise 例如：不要弄出聲音，你爸爸正在睡覺(jué)。Dont _

12、_ , your father is sleeping .辨析：noise ，voice， soundnoise指吵鬧、喧嘩聲，往往是不和諧，不悅耳的聲音voice多指人和動(dòng)物特有的聲音sound指人所能聽(tīng)到的自然界中的一切聲音（1） 請(qǐng)不要在課堂上制造噪音。Please dont _ _ in class.（2） 她經(jīng)常小聲說(shuō)話(huà)。She often talks in a low _.（3） 在空氣中光比聲音傳播的速度快。Light travels faster than _Step 2 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解大部分形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是通過(guò)變化詞尾來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，屬于規(guī)則變化，但也有少數(shù)是不規(guī)則變化。（1

13、） 不規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)good better bestbad worse worstlittle less leastmuch/many more mostfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest1. 比較等級(jí)中的典型句型（1） 兩者程度相同的比較as+ adj.原級(jí)+as 和一樣他和Mike一樣高。He is _ _ _ Mike. 否定句中，用not asas或者not so as 不及他沒(méi)有Mike高。He is _ _ _ _ Mike. 若第一個(gè)as后的adj.作定語(yǔ)修飾n.，應(yīng)

14、將該n.及有關(guān)修飾語(yǔ)都放在第一個(gè)as之后My sister doesnt make as much money as my brother does.（2） 高于或低于另一方的比較最基礎(chǔ)的用法是A+ 比較級(jí)+than +B她比我大。She is _ _ me .如果要表達(dá)更具體的比較，如：她比我大3歲，可以在形容詞比較級(jí)前面加上具體的數(shù)。She is 3 years older than me 另外還有表示大幾倍的，同樣是在形容詞的比較級(jí)前加上具體的倍數(shù)。例如：他的房間比我的大兩倍。His room is bigger than mine.His room is three times big

15、ger than mine.（3） “越來(lái)越”單音節(jié)的就用“比較級(jí)+比較級(jí)”例如：越來(lái)越高 _ _ _越來(lái)越大 _ _多音節(jié)的就用more and more +多音節(jié)的形容詞例如：越來(lái)越漂亮_越來(lái)越流行_（4） the+比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí) “某人越，（就）會(huì)越”例如：越多，越好。The _, the _.你吃的越多，你就會(huì)越胖。The _ you eat ,_ _ you will be.你鍛煉的越多，你就會(huì)越健康。_,_.你鍛煉的越少，你就會(huì)越不健康。_,_. 注意：比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) much, even 甚至, (by) far 大大地, a little 有點(diǎn), a bit 有點(diǎn),

16、still, yet, a lot 很, a great deal 大大地, twice, five times, many times, two-fifths, 20%2. 最高級(jí)的用法（1） 最高級(jí)是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比較方式。此時(shí)運(yùn)用adj.的最高級(jí)，句式為： the+ adj.最高級(jí)+n.+表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句 （in/of+范圍） 如：Lucy is _ girl_ her class.Lucy是 班里最漂亮的女孩。 Jim is _ boy _the three studentsJin是這三個(gè)學(xué)生中中最瘦的男孩。特別注意： 介詞in和of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)所表達(dá)的

17、范圍有所不同： 如果在一定的地域空間內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用in 如果是在同一類(lèi)事物范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用of（2） “最“的其他表達(dá)方法 運(yùn)用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)概念A(yù)nn is taller than any other girl in her class.Ann is taller than the other girl in her class.Ann is taller than the rest of girl in her class. 否定句中用“a/an+比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)概念I(lǐng) have never read a better book than this.注: 最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) 序數(shù)詞，（by）

18、far，nearly 幾乎，almost 幾乎Africa is the second largest continent.Of all the students, Amys writing is almost the best.Yaoming is by far the most active member in their team.(3) 表達(dá)“最之一” one of +形容詞的最高級(jí)+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式魯迅是最偉大的作家之一。Luxun is _ _ _ _ _.語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練一、 寫(xiě)出下列詞語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. good_ _ 2. well _ _3. bad_ _ 4.badly_ _5

19、. far _ _ 6. little _ _7. many _ _ 8.much_ _二、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. You must eat _ meat and take _ exercise if you want to be healthier.A. less, less B. more, more C. less, more D. more, less( )2. Who did it just _ Nancy? -I think Susan did just _ Nancy.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. more badly

20、than( )3. _ animals are in danger and there will be _ space for them if we dont protect them.A. More and more, more and more B. Less and less, less and lessC. More and more, less and less D. Less and less, more and more( )4. Guangzhou is _ Beijing.A. as not large as B. not as large as C. as not larg

21、er as D. not as larger as( )5.-Which do you want to choose? -If I had to choose, the larger one would be _ choice.A. good B. better C. the better D. the best( )6. John jumped _ of all, so he won the game.A. far B. farther C. the farthest D. farer三、完成句子1. 我的電腦不如你的貴重。My computer is _ _ _ _ yours.2.醫(yī)生對(duì)

22、他說(shuō)：“你要盡可能地多喝水?！薄癉rink _ _ _ _ you can,” the doctor said to him.3. 這本書(shū)和那本書(shū)一樣有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.4.我們種樹(shù)越多，我們的環(huán)境就變得越好。_ _ trees we plant, _ _ our environment will be.5. 我的書(shū)你想要借多久就多久。You can keep my book _ _ _ you like.(4) 能力提升：一、 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Im fourteen. My friends is sixteen. Son Im _ him.A. as

23、old as B. not younger than C. not so young as D. two years younger than2. The experts think Indias population may be _ than Chinas by 2020.A. more B. less C. larger D. small3. Its _ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.A. more B. better C. good D. best4. Tom is terribly ill. Wed better send

24、him to hospital as _ as we can.A. slowly B. quickly C. quietly D. easily5. My father _ me _ watch TV tonight.A. allow , to B. allows,with C. allowing ,on D. allows , to6. I do _ in physics of all the subjects.A. badly B. most badly C. worse D. worst7. Which dress do you prefer, the blue one or the p

25、ink one?The pink one. It feels _.A. comfortable B. as comfortable C. more comfortable D. most comfortable8. We brought some flowers _ a comfortable house.A. create B. created C. to create D. creating9. Your invention is not _. It is not useful for people.A. funny B. comfortable C. popular D. practic

26、al10. Thank you so much for the book you sent me._.A. No, thanks B. Im glad you like it.C. Please dont say so. D. No, it is not so.二、語(yǔ)法選擇 There are popular programs about the work of the police on TV. People like them because they are _1_ and useful. In London theres a TV program _2_ Police Five. It

27、 last for five months _3_ a week. A TV reporter talks about crime (犯罪) in London. He asked people _4_ information.During the program the TV reporter shows pictures of _5_ paintings, lost cars, lost bikes, lost wallets and _6_ lost things. When people see pictures of _7_ things on TV, they may recall

28、 (回想起) something. If they see someone _8_ something bad, they can tell the police about it. With their _9_, the police may catch more thieves.Sometimes the police finds _10_ car or something expensive that has been lost, and the TV reporter shows it on TV. Then the public may see it and can get it b

29、ack.( )1.A.interest B.interests C.interested D.interesting( )2. A.call B. calls C.called D.calling( )3. A. one B.once C. one time D.first( )4. A.to B.on C.of D.for( )5. A. lost B. losing C. lose D.to lose( )6. A.some B.another C.other D.others( )7. A.so B.such C.such a D.so a( )8. A.do B.to do C.doe

30、s D.did( )9. A.help B.helps C.helping D.helpings( )10. A.an B.a C.the D./三、 寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用第一節(jié) 單詞拼寫(xiě)1. Can you tell me who i_ the telephone?2. The l_ was set on my desk for me to study at night.3. We have quite a long d_ to walk.4. Did you make a t_ to him yeaterday?5. Miss White placed an _ in the local newspa

31、per,第二節(jié) 完成句子6. 我怎樣才能和你保持聯(lián)系？How can I _ _ _ _ you.7. 他們一邊工作一邊學(xué)習(xí)。They work and study _ _ _ _.8. 在20世紀(jì)初，汽車(chē)變得流行起來(lái)。_ _ _ _ _, cars became popular.9. 你可以想象得到?jīng)]有電的生活嗎？Can you _ _ _ electricity.10. 讓孩子遠(yuǎn)離火。否則， 太危險(xiǎn)了。_ the children _ fire. Or, it will be too dangerous.四、 閱讀理解ALong long ago, there were only a fe

32、w thousand people in the world. These people moved from place to place over the land, hunting animals for food. No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives changed. They did not have to look for food any more. They could stay in one place and grow

33、 it.People began to live near one another. And so the first village grew. Many people came to work in the villages. These villages grew very big. When machines appeared, life in the villages changed again. Factories were built. More and more people lived near the factories. The villages grew vey big

34、. And cities came into being.Today some people are moving back to small towns. Can you tell why?1. The best title of the passage should be _.A. Cities or Villages B. Back to TownC. How Cities Grew D. People and Animals2. The underline word “They” in the second paragraph refers to (指的是) _.A. villages

35、 B. animals C. cities D. people3. When factories were built, _A. more people lived near the factories B. people began to live in the factoriesC. many people began to work in villages D. many machines appeared in big factories4. We can learn from the passage that _A. people like to work only in big c

36、ities B. some people dont like to live in big citiesC. there will be no small towns in the future D. it is better to live in cities than in village5. In what order did people do the following things?a. Worked in villages. b. Lived near the factories. c. Learned to grow food.c. Built factories. d. Be

37、gan to live near each other.A. d, b, a, e, c B. e, a, c, d, b C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, c, d, e, bB The first robots were invented in the 1920s. Robots have been in many American films. In some films, they are strong, faster and cleverer than people. In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. T

38、hey do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.Robots also helped disabled people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide(向?qū)? dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs. One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever