英語賓語補(bǔ)足語用法詳解(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Contents英語賓語補(bǔ)足語用法詳解一、概念分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語其實是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說，主動態(tài)句子中的賓語補(bǔ)足語就是被動態(tài)句子中的主語補(bǔ)足語。先了解賓語補(bǔ)足語，則很容易了解主語補(bǔ)足語。賓語補(bǔ)足語：在英語中，某些及物動詞不僅需要賓語，而且還要求某個詞或詞組來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，即表示賓語代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個詞或短語稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。有些語法書把賓語和補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。句型：及物動詞+賓語(n./pron.)+賓語補(bǔ)足語(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介詞短語共7種表示法)該句型若變成被動語態(tài)，即將

2、賓語提到句首作主語，原主動語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語此時在被動語態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說明主語的作用，所以改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主語he的補(bǔ)足語，所以稱為主語補(bǔ)足語。二、何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞作主語(賓語)補(bǔ)足語分詞作主語(賓語)補(bǔ)足語時，若主語(賓語)與分詞之間是主動關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；如果主語(賓語)與分詞之間是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞表示被動。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He

3、was singing.主語he與補(bǔ)足語“唱歌”之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞singing。One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主語one of the glasses與補(bǔ)足語“打破”之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞broken。Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.The water is running.賓語the water與補(bǔ)足語“淌”之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞running。三、可以用分詞作主語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞要會使

4、用分詞作補(bǔ)足語，必須記住哪些動詞可以接分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。1.感官動詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at(一感二聽五看)及find等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。如：If you wave your book in front of your face，you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face，if you wave your book in front of your fac

5、e.The next morning she found the man lying in bed，dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed，dead.2.表示“致使”動詞get，have，leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。-Good morning. Can I help you？-Id like to have the package weighed，madam.3.表示“意欲；命令”的動詞如like，want，wish，order等常接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。如：You must tell us exact

6、ly what you would like done.你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們該做什么。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快將此事做完。注意：set，start，catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，make常跟過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Set sb.thinking，start sb.coughing，He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenge

7、r.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.典例精析：1.I smell something_in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt答案：A。解析：smell something burning“聞著什么東西在燃燒而發(fā)出糊味”強(qiáng)調(diào)這個動作正在進(jìn)行。burning作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Something burnt“燒焦了的東西”表示一種狀態(tài)。所以選A。2.After

8、 a knock at the door，the child heard his mothers voice_him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案：A。解析：hear sb.doing sth.意為“聽到某人在做某事”。動詞+ing表示主動，the child heard his mothersvoice calling him表示“孩子聽見他母親喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“聽見某事被做了”。所以選A。3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have

9、her written English_in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve答案：A。解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved“使她的書面英語得到提高”。動詞+ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動。Have sb.doing sth.意為“使某人一直在做某事”表主動。Have sb.do sth.意為“使某人做某事”表主動，do前必須省略to。所以選A。4.-Did Peter fix the computer himself？-He_，because he doesnt know much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had i