多媒體課件_資產(chǎn)評估學(xué)(雙語)_本_第5周

1、AssetAppraisalChapter3Costapproach2（1）ThetheoreticalbasisofcostmethodValueofCostproductiontheory:Thevalueoftheassetsdependsonthepurchaseofthecost(2)Evaluationonthecostapproach1、ThebasicprincipleofcostapproachPhysicalfunctionaleconomicDevaluationsValue=Replacementcost-3（3）payattentiontotheproblemsa.T

2、herealityofthehistoricaldatab.ThecostformationoftheassetsvalueisnecessaryThe premise1Evaluatedassetsareinthecontinuedusestatusorassumedinthecontinuedusestatus.Onlyonthishypothesis,alltheexpenditureforretaketheassetscanconstitutethevaluecontent.2Theexpectedreturnfortheassetscouldsupportitsresetandinv

3、estmentvalue.42、BasiccalculationformulaandtheindicatorsofthecostmethodThebasicformula:TheassetsevaluatedvalueReplacementcostPhysicaldevaluation實(shí)體性貶值Functionaldevaluation功能性貶值Economicdevaluation經(jīng)濟(jì)性貶值TheassetsevaluatedvalueReplacementcost重置成本綜合成新率Integratednewnessrate5（1）Replacementcostanditsmeasureme

4、ntRestore(復(fù)原)andUpdate（更新）Comparison:Same：Usingthecurrentpriceandcosttocalculate.Difference：thereisadifferencebetweenthematerials,standardsanddesign.Butthebasicfunctionsdidnotbechanged.更新重置成本復(fù)原重置成本再取得成本資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)行重置成本6Thereasonwhywechoose“update”toconstructreplacementcostinsteadof“restore”oncertainconditi

5、ons?because：A.UpdateischeaperthanRestore(noextrainvestmentcost)itcanusenewtechnology,improvedproductivity,newcraftsmanship&newdesign.B.Updatemayhaveloweroperatingexpenses.(noextraoperatingcost)n【單選題】運(yùn)用成本法評估一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)時(shí)，若分別選用復(fù)原重置成本和更新重置成本，則應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮不同重置成本情況下，具有不同的（）。A.功能性貶值 B.經(jīng)濟(jì)性貶值C.收益性貶值 D.實(shí)體性貶值 n【單選題】由于資產(chǎn)以

6、外的外部環(huán)境因素變化導(dǎo)致資產(chǎn)價(jià)值的降低稱為（）A.實(shí)體性貶值 B.功能性貶值C.經(jīng)濟(jì)性貶值 D.無形損耗n【單選題】復(fù)原重置成本與更新重置成本的相同之處表現(xiàn)為（）。A.技術(shù)水平相同 B.制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同 C.價(jià)格水平相同 D.材料消耗相同n【多選題】復(fù)原重置成本與更新重置成本的差異在于（）。A.功能不同 B.成本構(gòu)成不同C.價(jià)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同 D.材料、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)等不同n【多選題】造成資產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)性貶值的主要原因有（）A.該技術(shù)落后了B.該項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品需求減少了C.社會(huì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高D.自然力作用加劇E.政府公布淘汰該類資產(chǎn)的時(shí)間表12(2) Replacementcostcalculationmeth

7、od重置核算法重置核算法Accordingtothecostoftheasset,thecurrentmarketpriceasthestandard,Replacementcostdirectcost+indirectcostDirectcostsinclude:purchaseexpenditure,transportationcosts,installationcosts.Indirectcostmainlyreferstotheenterprisemanagementfees,trainingfees.13Thismethodcanbeusedin:Ifitisabletoobtain

8、thecurrentpriceofanassetinthe“brandnew”condition.Thismethodcanbeusedinboth“restore”&“update”.nPracticeConsiderthefollowingproperty:nCurrentmarketpriceof50,000Yuaneach;nTransportfees1,000Yuan;nDirectinstallationcosts800Yuanincludingrawmaterials300Yuan,laborcosts500Yuan;nIndirectcostsofinstallatio

9、ncostis0.8withthelaborcost;Howmuchisthereplacementcostoftheequipment.Considerthefollowingproperty:nAnenterprisehadanexistingmachineequipment,thepriceofthesimilarproductsinthemarketis60,000RMB,transportingfees1,000Yuan,directinstallationcosts900Yuan,whichincludingrawmaterial400andlaborcost500.Theinst

10、allationtakes50hours.nAccordingtothestatisticalanalysis,intheinstallationcost,theratioofindirectcosttodirectcostis50%.Inthecontinuetouseconditions,whatisthereplacementcostoftheequipment?15ANSWERn purchasing price 60,000n transporting fees 1,000n installation costs 900nDirect cost 61,900nIndirect cos

11、t 450nReplacement cost 6235016n【單選題】運(yùn)用重置核算法確定的重置成本可以是（）。A.復(fù)原重置成本 B.更新重置成本C.復(fù)原重置成本或更新重置成本 D.兩者都不是18Ifwecannotgetthecurrentpriceofanassetinbrandnewstatus，Wecanonlylookforthecurrentmarketpriceoftheassetswhichissimilartotheevaluationassetsasareference,byadjustingfunctionaldifference,obtainedthereplaceme

12、ntcostofassets.Functionalcoefficientmethod,namelyaccordingtothefunctionrelationbetweenfunctionandcost,determinethereplacementcost.(3). Functionalcoefficientmethod功能系數(shù)法功能系數(shù)法19AFunctionalvaluemethod功能價(jià)值法Ifthereisalinearrelationshipbetweenfunctionandcost,calculationformula:BTheeconomicscaleindexmethod規(guī)

13、模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指數(shù)法Ifthecostfunctionswithanexponentialrelationship,calculationformula:Thismethodisgenerallycalculatein“update”replacementcost.x參照物生產(chǎn)能力被估資產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)能力重置成本參照物重置成本被估資產(chǎn)的參照物生產(chǎn)能力被估資產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)能力重置成本參照物重置成本被估資產(chǎn)的n【單選題】被評估資產(chǎn)甲生產(chǎn)能力為60 000件/年，參照資產(chǎn)乙的重置成本為5 000元，生產(chǎn)能力為30 000件/年，設(shè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指數(shù)x取值0.7，被評估資產(chǎn)的重置成本最接近于（）元。A.7 300 B.6

14、500 C.7 212D.8 123 Considerthefollowingproperty:nThereferenceisabrandnewone;nPerformsthesamefunctionwiththeevaluatedasset;nCurrentmarketpriceis50,000Yuan;nTheannualoutputis5,000pieces;nTheannualoutputoftheevaluatedassetis4,000piecesTrytocalculatereplacementcostfortheevaluatedasset.Considerthefollowi

15、ngproperty:nReplacementcostforreferenceassetis100,000Yuan;nTheannualoutputis300,000pieces;nTheannualoutputoftheevaluatedassetis600,000pieces;nn=0.7Trytocalculatereplacementcostfortheevaluatedasset.23(4).PriceindexmethodIfthecurrentmarketvalueofthesimilarassetsisnotavailable,thepriceindexmethod.Canbe

16、used.（1）Fixedbasepriceindex定基物價(jià)指數(shù)（2）Chainpriceindex環(huán)比物價(jià)指數(shù)Thecalculationofthepriceindexmethodcanbeusedin“restore”replacementcost.資產(chǎn)購建時(shí)物價(jià)指數(shù)資產(chǎn)評估時(shí)物價(jià)指數(shù)歷史成本資產(chǎn)的重置成本被估資產(chǎn)niia1%)1 (資產(chǎn)歷史成本被估資產(chǎn)重置成本Considerthefollowingproperty:nTheassetisconstructedin2007;nThebookvalueis50,000Yuan;nTheassetsPriceindexwhenconstru

17、ctingwas95%nTheassetsPriceindexwhenevaluatingis160%Howmuchisthereplacementcostoftheasset.【單選題】一般來說，科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步較快的資產(chǎn)，采用價(jià)格指數(shù)法估算的重置成本往往會(huì)（）。A.偏低B.正常反映其重置成本水平 C.偏高D.不確定4. StatisticalanalysisWhenassetshasalowunitprice&largequantity,inordertoreducetheevaluationcost,thismethodcanbeapplied.Steps:（1）Classifica

18、tionofassetswillbeevaluatedaccordingtocertainstandards.（2）Sampleselectionofrepresentativeasset,andchoosethepropermethodtocalculatethereplacementcost.（3）CalculatetheadjustmentcoefficientK.（4）AccordingtothecalculationofKvaluewasestimatedassetsreplacementcost.AssetsreplacementcostTheoriginalcostofasset

19、sKConsiderthefollowingproperty:nToappraiseacategoryofequipmentinanenterprise,drew5typicalequipmentssamples;nThetotalreplacementcostforthe5typicalequipmentsis300,000Yuan;nThetotalhistoricalcostforthe5typicalequipmentsis200,000Yuan;nThetotalbookvalueforthiscategoryequipmentsis5,000,000Yuan;Trytocalcul

20、atereplacementcostforthiscategoryequipments.【單選題】下列計(jì)算重置成本的方法中，計(jì)算結(jié)果必然屬于復(fù)原重置成本的是（）A.重置核算法 B.物價(jià)指數(shù)法C.功能價(jià)值法 D.規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指數(shù)法 Considerthefollowingproperty:nPurchased3yearsbefore;nNosubstitutionsforthisequipment;nThebookvalueoftheequipmentisRMB100,000includingpurchasingpriceRMB80,000;transportfeesRMB4,000;insta

21、llationcosts(includingmaterial)RMB10,000;debuggingfeeRMB6,000.nAfterinvestigation,thecurrentpriceoftheequipmentisRMB95,000,transportationfees,installationcostanddebuggingfeesrespectivelyraisedby40%,30%,20%.Trytocalculatereplacementcostfortheequipment.Replacementcost=95,000+4,000*（1+40%）+10,000*（1+30

22、%）+6,000*（1+20%）=120,80030 3. Tangiblelossanditsmeasurement(physicaldevaluation)Themeasurementmethod:(1). observation觀察法觀察法Tangiblelossofevaluationassetsreplacementcost（1Newnessrate）(2). Useful-lifemethod使用年限法使用年限法ActualservicelifenominalservicelifeAssetuserateFortherenewedassets,weneedtocalculatetheweightedaveragehasbeenusedforyears.Tangiblelossrate更新成本加權(quán)更新成本加權(quán)平均已使用年限實(shí)際已使用年限總使用年限殘值重置成本被評估資產(chǎn)的有形損耗【計(jì)算】某資產(chǎn)于1985年2月購進(jìn)，1995年2月評估時(shí)，名義已使用年限是10年