新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)-英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

1、精品文檔新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講 +練習(xí)Unit1 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。be going to do（動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如： It is going to rain.will do結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1. 表示預(yù)見Do you think it will rain?You will feel bette

2、r after a good rest.2. 表示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：（1）will+ 主語 +do ? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?（2）there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句： Will there + be?Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句構(gòu)成： will + not（ wont

3、）+doSarah wontcome to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞 will主語？ What will Sarah do next Sunday?練一練根據(jù)例句，用 will改寫下列各句例： I don tfeel well today.（be better tomorrow）I ll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）_2.I m tired now.（sleep later）_3.My parents need a ne

4、w car.（ buy one soon ）_4.We can tleave right now.（ leave a little later）_5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）_答案： 1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight.2. I ll sleep later.3. They ll buy one soon.4. We ll leave a little later.5. Maybe it ll be better tomorrow.。1歡迎下載Unit2 should的用法：sh

5、ould用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should 后邊加 not.eg：I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesa lotand she seldom walks.So I thinkshe should walk a lot.精品文檔Unit3過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成及用法：1、構(gòu)成：主語 +was / were +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(其中 am,is was; are were )2、用法：表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). 也可用來表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。她經(jīng)常開車，

6、很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students shouldntspend too much time playing computer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：（1）I think you should( 常與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有 ：then,this yesterday evening, the whole morning,all night The barber was cutting my hair at that time.we were sleeping at 8:00 yesterday morning.She wa

7、s writing a letter the whole morning.time yesterday,atthattime,at9:00等)（2）Well, you could（3）Maybe you should（4）Why dontyou ? =why not do 、？（5）What about doing sth.?（6）Youd better do sth. 練一練用 should 或 shouldn t 填空1. I can tsleep the night before exams.You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2.

8、 Good friends _ argue each other.3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some.4. They didn tinvite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier.5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day.（二） when和 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。意思是“當(dāng)、時(shí)”when 是 at that time的意思，表示做某種動(dòng)作的時(shí)間或瞬間。其謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性

9、的，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)連用。eg：Whenwinter comes, the weather gets colder and colder.WhenLinda saw Davy, he was playing basketball.I was reading a bookwhen she came into my room。Whenhe was a child he was always trying out new ideas.while是 during the time的意思，表示略長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。其謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。Eg：Tom was rea

10、ding a newspaperwhile he was waiting for a bus.I am doing my homeworkwhilemy mother is cooking.練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _（read ）books.。2歡迎下載精品文檔2.At 9 o clock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party.3.WhenI（come）into the classroom, she _（ read ）a storybook.4.She _ _（play ）computer gam

11、eswhileher mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon.5.I _ _ （have）a shower when you _ （call）me yesterday.主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think ，believe ，imagine ，suppose，consider ，expect ，fancy ，guess 等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。例如:Idon'tthinkhe willcometo myparty. 而不能說成 I think he won't come

12、 to my party.Unit4賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that ，that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。例句： He told us（that ）they would help us through the whole work.2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞 if 或 whether ，表示 “是否 ”。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。例句： I don't know if there will be a bus any more

13、.3. 從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇 what，when，where， which ，who， how等的疑問代詞、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。例句： He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以為各種時(shí)態(tài)。2. 主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)。（注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，從句時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。）例句： He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect .爸爸告訴我熟能生

14、巧。（客觀）三、賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序陳述句語序，就是主語在前，謂語動(dòng)詞在后。錯(cuò)誤： He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正確： He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.She said I _（be）hard-working.2.Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday.3.She said she _（ go）swimming last Sunda

15、y.4.Bobby said he _（may） call me later.5.Antonio told me he _（ read ） a book then.答案： 1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading（五） if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連接詞主要有：if （如果）、 unless （除非）在意思上等于if not. 或 as long as（只要）等。一、條件狀語從句用法1、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if ，由 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如：If you ask him, he will

16、 help you.If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.2、unless = if not. 除非，若不，除非在 的時(shí)候例如： Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.。3歡迎下載Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，比賽將照常進(jìn)行。3、so/as long as只要例句； You may borrow my

17、 book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持書的清 潔，你就可以把我的書借去。So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.只要你高興，你做什么都沒有關(guān)系。二、時(shí)態(tài)問題在條件狀語從句中， 要注意 “主將從現(xiàn) ”的規(guī)定， 即主句用一般將來時(shí)， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。eg: I will come to see you if I have time.我有時(shí)間，我就來看你。 練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1. 如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過得很開心。If you _ the party

18、, you _.2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it _ tomorrow, we _. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1.If you _ to the party, youll have a great time.A. will goB. wentC. goD. going2.I _ her the answer if she _me.A. can tell,will askB.willtell,will ask C. would tell, askD. willtell, asks3.What are you going to do tomorrow?-Well go to the library tomorrowif it _.A. isn trainB. rainC. won trainD. doesn train5.I ll give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday.A. will com