主謂一致專題

1、專題十二 主謂一致1. 單數(shù)名詞 （代詞 ），不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞（代詞 ）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Tom' s.這張桌子是湯姆的。Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2. many a+ 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多” ，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。3. more than one+ 單數(shù)

2、名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整 體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isn ' t so heavy. Ten miles isn' t a long distance.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。2 0 英鎊并不太重。1 0 英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Five minus four is one.5減4等于

3、 1。5. 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and（each/every）+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye e

4、xercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 因此在實(shí)際操練中要指導(dǎo)學(xué)法， 掌握基本用法， 注意變化就 能突破?！局R(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】主謂一致用法在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。 尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則：語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形 式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the

5、farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What I bought were three English books.

6、 / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由連接詞and或both . and連接起來的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如口： Lucy andLily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。女口：The writer

7、and artist has come.; /由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有 no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 女口： Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than,

8、besides, including 等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如： Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都 作單數(shù)看待。如： Each

9、 of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有"of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也 可用復(fù)數(shù)。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.5、 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

10、數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù) 一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.注意： He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就 用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a

11、monitor.注意： people, police, cattle 等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are looking for the lost child.7、 由"a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lotof people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderf

12、ul. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of" 許多 "，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)； the number of". 的數(shù)量 "，主語(yǔ) 是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 如： There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.(二) 邏輯意義一致原則： 邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)

13、必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù))。1、what, who, which, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、 表示 "時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值 "等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是 由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如： Thirty minutes is enough f

14、or the work.3、若英語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： "The Arabian Nights"is an interesting story-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ) "one and a half" 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式 （也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 如： One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.5、 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如口： Twelve plus eight is tw

15、enty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics 結(jié)尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等，都屬于 形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)， 但如果這些名詞前有 a

16、（the） pair of 等量詞修飾時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如： My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、"定冠詞 the + 形容詞或分詞 "，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由 either . or, neither . nor, whether . or ., not only . but also 連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如： Either the teacher or t

17、he students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、 there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意： Here 引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。（四）主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：A）名詞作主語(yǔ)1）某些集體名詞 （如 family ， team 等）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂

18、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The whole family are watching TV?His family is going to have a long journey 這類名詞有： audience， class， club， committee， company， crew， crowd， enemy， government， group， party， public， team， etc.名詞 population 一詞的使用情況跟上述類似。例如： ：The population in China is very large ， an

19、d eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.“a group（crowd）of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體， 后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。2 ）某些集體名詞 （如 people， police， cattle， militia 等）只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：The police are searching for him 3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A sheep is over there,Some sheep are over ther

20、e4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場(chǎng)、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單 數(shù)。例如：My Uncle's is not far from here The doctor's is on the side of the street常見的省略名詞有： the baker's， the barber's， the carpenter's， the Zhang's， etc, 表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Richardson's have a lot of leather goods

21、 to sell 5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一 致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago Three years has passed6）不定代詞 each， every ， no 所修飾的名詞即使以 and 或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍 用單數(shù)形式。例如：Each boy and each girl wants to se

22、rve the people in the future 7）如果主語(yǔ)有 more than one.或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍 用單數(shù)形式。例如：Many a ship has been damaged in the stormMore than one student has seen the film ，是，在"more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one''結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：More members than one are against your plan 8）一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具主語(yǔ)時(shí)；謂

23、語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses shoes trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主語(yǔ)由 “a kind of ，a pair of, a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：A pair of shoes was on the desk .9）this kind of book=a book of this kind（ 這種書），其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ) this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men（ 口語(yǔ)）（這一類人），但 this kin

24、d of men 的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kinds of men的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如：Men of this kind are dangerous This kind of men is dangerous10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。例如：The （This） glass works was set up in l970

25、 （這家玻璃廠建于 1970 年。 ）The（These）glass works are near the railway station （ 這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 ）當(dāng)它們前面有 a，such a，this，that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有 all， such，these, those修飾時(shí)，謂 語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但"means"，"no means"，“the means"等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可作單數(shù)，也可 用作復(fù)數(shù)。注： work 作“工作”解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，作“著作”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all， mos

26、t； half， rest， part 等詞語(yǔ)，表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。例如：All of the water is gone 。All of my classmates work hard 12) 在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture B) 由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)13) 用and或both.and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Walking and riding are good exercises Plastics and rubber never

27、rot 但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的，是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式，這時(shí)， and 后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如：A knife and fork is on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy 。14) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 as well as， as much as， no less than, along w

28、ith ， with, like ， rather than， together with ， but， except ， besides， including ， in addition to 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按 主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：The room with its furniture was rented The teacher as well as the students was excited15) 以or, either., neither.nor, notonlybut also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù) 數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。例如：

29、Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about itEither you or he is to go Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room C) 代詞作主語(yǔ).16) 名詞型物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞,既可以用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是 復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ours(Our Party) is a great party our shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown 17) such, the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其

30、所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Such are his wordsSuch is our plan8)關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which 等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一 致。例如：Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun Those who want to go please you ' re your names here19) 疑問代詞 who,： what, which 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：What produce(s)he

31、at?Which is (are) your book(s)?Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu 20) 不定代詞 any, either, neither, none, all some, more 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有以下兩種情況： 單讀用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：All are present let's begin the meeting Now all has been changed either ， neither 單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

32、語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。 后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞， 動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。例如：None of them has(have)seen the film Do(es) any of you know his address?D) 分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)21) 某數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但是當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值 而是數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The billion is a large number Twelve were boys. 英語(yǔ)中算術(shù)式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若是減法或

33、除法算術(shù)式，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Three times five is/are fifteen Two and (plus) two is/are four.Twelve divided by four is three Three taken from eight leaves five 在提問加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時(shí)，如用how much，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式；如用 how many,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：How many are two times five?How much is eight divided by two?22) .

34、"分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +of+ 名詞”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，以及由 “ some, a lot of，lots of，pienty of，a(1arge)quantityof，the rest of, a heap of, heaps of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)，其名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),采取就近一致的原則,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中of后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如：A quantity of blouses were on sale A large quantity of beer was sold Plenty of En

35、glish books are on the shelfLots of damage was caused by fire Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water 23) A(great)number of , many； a few 修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a little , much, a great deal of, a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)

36、時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：；A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time A great deal of trouble lies before us .A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest 24) (large)quantities of 修飾可數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge 25) The number+ 可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞， the amount of+ 不可數(shù)名詞， the quantity of+ 可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可 數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如：The amount of money is great.The quantity of heat in the office has not bee