中學(xué)英語語法分類復(fù)習(xí)代詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載代詞一、代詞的定義是用來代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語的詞。二、代詞的分類按意義、特征及語法功能可分為 九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身 代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代 詞。人稱 數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞-一一單memymi nemyself復(fù)weusouroursourselves-二二單youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)youyouyouryoursyourselves三 三三單hehimhishishimself單sheherherhersherself單itititsitsitself復(fù)theythemt

2、heirtheirsthemselves每個人稱代詞，不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都有5種形式：1)作主語，要用主格形式：I saw her.She saw me It astonished them2)作賓語，要用賓格形式：She saw me I saw .her.They looked atjt.3)表示所有，要用形容詞性物主代詞：This is my house. Mary brought her umbrella.The dog waggedjts tail .在這種代詞后可加own來加以強調(diào)，表示某人自己的，而非任何別人 的。This is my own(=my,and not any o

3、thers house.Mary brought her own umbrella.4)如果形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞剛剛提到過，可以用其名詞性物主代詞，以避免重復(fù)前面的名詞，它的意思等于“形容詞性物主代詞+前面剛提過的名詞”That is Marys house, and this is mine( =my house).I left my umbrella at home,but Mary brought hers(=herumbrella)with her.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載5)如果賓語和主語表示同一人或物，就要用反身代詞：I hate myself. She looks at her

4、self in the mirrorThe matter speaks for itself(本身就可說明問題)這種自身代詞也可用來強調(diào)前面的名詞或代詞：I myself(=I, and nobody els will do it.Mary herself madethe dressConfucius himself(=Even Confucius)was not without faults.I have n ever see n my father himself代詞的用法1.人稱代詞人稱代詞指“我”“你” “他”等詞，有人稱、數(shù)、格、性的變化：1)人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作

5、賓語。在正式場合中，作 表語的代詞通常米用主格形式，但在現(xiàn)代英語中，尤其在口語中，也可 用賓格形式。I have an En glish book.She is in Dalia n.It has two legs.He gave me three books.If I were her, I would take the advice.Who is it? Its me.1在復(fù)合句中，若主句和從句的主語相同，從句的主語一般用代詞，主 句的主語用名詞。When he arrived, Joh n went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。2電話用語中常用主格作

6、表語。-I wish to speak to Mary.我想和瑪麗通話。-This is she(speaking)我就是瑪麗。3人稱代詞作同位語時，要根據(jù)所同位的名詞詞組在句中的成分選擇主 格或賓格。We, Tom and I, prepared a meal for her.注意在強調(diào)句式中，強調(diào)主語用主格，強調(diào)賓語用賓格，如：It was he that / who did it.It is her that we are talk ing about.2）在think.to be, suppose.to be, look upon.as等后也多用賓格。人稱代 詞單獨使用時，一般用賓格：

7、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載People supposed the best sin ger to be him.人們認為最好的歌手是他。He looked upon me as he他把我當成了她。Whos sta ndi ng there? Me誰在那邊站著？我。3）she和he可用于擬人，she可指月亮、土地、國家、船只、黨派、貓、 鳥等柔美、可愛的東西，he可指雄性動物或強壯兇猛的動物，如：The moon has risen. She is round and bright.月亮升起了，她又圓又亮。Give the cat some meat. Maybe she is hun gry.The

8、 dog waved his tail whe n he saw his master.4）在比較狀語從句中，than和as后的人稱代詞的主格和賓格在不引起歧 義時，主格可用賓格替換（特別是口語中）。如：He is older than I / me他比我年齡大。He is as old as I / me他 和我一樣大。His wife likes the dog better than he （likes it）.他妻子比他更愛狗。His wife likes the dog better tha n （she likes） him.他妻子愛狗勝過愛他。5）人稱代詞的排序：幾個人稱代詞同時

9、作主語或賓語時，排列順序通常為：1）單數(shù)人稱代詞并列：按“二三一”人稱順序排列，尊重對方與第三方，自己謙讓放在后。You and I were fated to meet你我注定要相遇。He and I decided to have the expe nses on our trip.我和他決定均攤旅行費用。I did nt know you and she were on such in timate terms.我不知道你和她關(guān)系這么密切。You, she and I should work together and play together.我、你和她應(yīng)當一起工作、一起玩。三人稱單數(shù)

10、兩性并用，常遵循先男后女的規(guī)律。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載He and she are classmate他和她是同班同學(xué)。2）復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞并列：按“一二三”人稱順序排列。We and you both have a long way to go.我們和你們都有很長一段路要走。You and they must un dertake the resp on sibility.你們和他們都得承擔(dān)責(zé)任。We, you and they are all Chi nese我們、你們、他們都是中國人。3）但上司或長者對下屬說話按“一二”人稱排列 （以示地位、尊嚴）；承認錯誤、承擔(dān)責(zé)任或檢討工作失誤等時用“一三二

11、”人稱排列（以示主動承擔(dān)責(zé)任）。land you try to finish it.我和你去弄好它。It was I and Peter that made the teacher an gry.是我和彼得惹老師生氣了。We and the childre n broke the vase.我們和孩子們把花瓶打碎了。I, he and you will be punished by the teacher.4）有不定代詞時為“人稱代詞+不定代詞”，如：I and one or two others visited the Great Wall.探代詞的活用代詞有時可當名詞用，使句子不僅簡單而且

12、更形象。Is the new baby a he or she?新生兒是男的還是女的？I noticed that，as usua，there were more shes than hes in this room我 注意到，這屋子里同往常一樣，女人多于男人。That me you saw is in fact somebody else.你所看到的那個我實際上是別人。But silly we，like foolish children，rest well pleased with coloured vellum,leaves of gold.只有愚蠢的我們，如同愚蠢的孩子那樣，才沉醉于彩色

13、仿羊皮紙和 金箔之中。The person she loves is the other hin她愛的是另一個他。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載2.物主代詞物主代詞是用來表示所有關(guān)系的。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和 名詞性物主代詞兩種。形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，僅在名詞前作 定語；名詞性物主代詞功能相當于名詞（等于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞; 避免了名詞的重復(fù)），可作主語，表語和賓語。（名詞性物主代詞是在形容 詞性物主代詞基礎(chǔ)上變的，規(guī)律是無S結(jié)尾的加S,有S結(jié)尾的不變，只 有mine特殊）。例如：（1）This is my school.（作定語）這是我的學(xué)校。（2）Her name is Kate

14、.（作定語）她的名字叫Kate.（3）This isnt my shirt. Mi ne is over there.（名詞性物主代詞作主語）這不是我的襯衫，我的在那邊。（4）Those new books are not yours, but theirs.（作表語）那些新書不是你們的，而是他們的。（5）Shes an old friend of mine.（作介賓）她是我的老朋友。（6）My bike is broke n. May I use yours?（作賓語）我的自行車壞了，可以用你的嗎？注意1）ts與its的區(qū)別：這兩個詞讀音相同，但its是形容詞性和名詞性的物 主代詞，而its

15、是it is或it has的縮寫。Its a room.這是一個房間。its room它的房間Its rained all morni ng.雨下了一上午。2） “形容詞性物主代詞+ own +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表強調(diào)，另外還可以在own前 加very表示進一步的強調(diào)，如：Its nice if a man can have his own pla ne.一個人要是能擁有自己的飛機就好了。I want to have my very own computer.我想擁有完全屬于我自己的計算機。3）.“a （an,學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載some, any）+名詞+ of ones own”該結(jié)構(gòu)表示 “某人自

16、己的.”名詞前還可用this, that, these, four, those, several, another, no, whic等修 飾，但不能用the。女口：a car of my own我自己的汽車Stude nts n eed those stories of their own.學(xué)生們需要哪些他們自己的小說。4）介詞+the+身體部位詞。 這里的定冠詞不能用形容詞性物主代詞 （參見 冠詞部分） 。如：The teacher caught him by the arm老 師抓住了他的胳膊。I patted him on the shoulder我 拍了拍他的肩膀。He looke

17、d me in the face他正視著我。He pulled me by the sleeve.他楸住了我的衣袖。5） 在短語中，常用ones代表形容詞性物主代詞。to on es joy, lose on es way, earn on es livi ng, try on es best, take on estime, make up on es mi nd等。6） 書信的結(jié)尾套語中常用到名詞性物主代詞yours結(jié)尾，指寫信人的謙 稱，相當于中文書信信末的“xxx敬上”。結(jié)尾套語一般從正文下方2到3行從中間偏右處開始書寫。結(jié)尾語措辭的變化依據(jù)情況而定，常有以下 幾種：1寫給單位或不相識

18、的人的信和貿(mào)易關(guān)系信件常用Yours truly,Trulyyours, Yours sincerely Sincerely yours,Yours faithfully,Faithfully yours等。2寫給尊長、上司的信常用Y ours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yoursgratefully, Gratefully yours, Yours appreciatively, Appreciatively yours等。3寫給熟人或朋友的信常用Y ours, Yours eve,Ever yours,Yours cordially,Cordial

19、ly yours,Yours devotedly, Devotedly yours等。4寫給親戚或密友的信可用Y ours, Yours ever, Ever yours, Yours affecti onately, Affecti on ately yours, Lovely yours, Yours lovely等。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載3反身代詞反身代詞又叫自身代詞。有些動詞需要用反身代詞作賓語，表示主語 和賓語是同一人或一些人。反身代詞在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語，以及用在習(xí)慣用語 中，如：Her father and herself will tell you the secre

20、t作主語。He is teachi ng himself En glish作 賓語。The man admitted that the thief was himsel作表語。She is old eno ugh to look after hersell作介賓。The preside nt himself will atte nd the meet ing作同位語。Y oud better ask the stude nt himsel作 同位語。帶有反身代詞的慣用語say to on eself心里想by on eself親自（獨自地）talk to on eself自言自語to on e

21、self暗自make on eself at home像 在家一樣別客氣of on eself f自動地amuse on eself自娛devote on eself to致力于for on eself為自己in on eself本質(zhì)上callon eself自稱為 teach on eself自學(xué)dress on eself自己穿學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載find on eself in不知不覺處于enjoyon eself過得愉快help yourself to請吃 ；自取abse nt on eselffrom缺席devote on eself to專心于 ； 獻身于 en gage on es

22、elf in丿忙于find on eself發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不知不覺occupy on eself i n丿忙于behave on esel規(guī)規(guī)矩矩；表現(xiàn)得有禮貌con gratulate on eself慶幸自己dress on eself (in)自己穿( )express on eself表 達自己的意思help on eself to隨便吃 make on eself un derstooc使 別人理解seat on eself坐注意下面介詞與反身代詞的搭配：above on eself趾高氣揚；自高自大by on eself獨自地beside on eself(情緒上)失去自制力in on

23、eself本身of on eself自動地come to on eself蘇醒among ourselves我 們之間betwee n ourselves秘密地； 私下地in spite of on eself不由自主地在不強調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱 代詞賓格均可。No one but myself(me)is hurt.除了我以外沒有人受傷。注意1反身代詞放在連系動詞后可以表達“處于正常狀態(tài)”的含義：Im n otmyself today我 今天不舒服。2反身代詞作同位語，以加強名詞或代詞的語氣，一般表示“親自；本 身”。3反身代詞通常不能單獨

24、作主語，但在非正式語體中，在and, or,norexcuse on eself自 我辯解lose on eself迷路buy on eself自己買學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載連接的并列主語中，第二或第三主語可用反身代詞，尤其是myself.My colleague or myself will atte nd to the work.我的同事或者我自己會關(guān)注這項工作。Neither Fred nor yourself had any thi ng to do with it.弗瑞德和你自己都與此事無關(guān)。Jims elder brother and himself go to school at 7:

25、00 every day.Jim的哥哥和Jim自己每天7:00上學(xué)。4祈使句中第二人稱作賓語，通常要用反身代詞。Dont trouble yourself about that.你不要為這費事了。4指示代詞表示“這個”、“那個”、“這些”、“那些”等意思的代詞叫指示代詞， 這類詞有this（這個），that（那個），these這些），those（那些）。1）this, that, these, those的用法1this和these一般指時間或空間上較近的事物that和those一般指時間或空間上較遠的事物，如：This is a book and that is a car.（指空間）這是一

26、本書，那是一輛小汽車。I have bee n busy this morning.（指現(xiàn)在時間）今天上午我一直忙著。I was busy that morning.（指過去時間）那天上午我很忙。2this和these常指后面將要講到的事物，that和those多指前面講過的 事物， 如：I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.我將對你說這一點：他是一個可憐的人。He was ill. Thats why he did nt come.他病了，那就是他沒來的原因。3在打電話時，this表示自己一方，that表示電話另一方：A:Hello! This

27、is Mike. Whos that?喂！我是Mike.你是哪位？B: Hello! This is John.喂！我是John.4that和those可代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)，如：學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載The story is more interesting than that you read a few days ago.這部小說比你前幾天讀的那部小說更有趣。The computers made in China are as good as those made in the USA.中國產(chǎn)的計算機同美國產(chǎn)的計算機一樣好。注意that和those與one和ones代替名詞時的區(qū)別

28、that表特指，代替帶定冠詞或限定詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；one表泛指，代替帶有不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，不能代替不可數(shù)名詞；theone指代同類事物中特定的某一個，前面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，可用one代替該學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載復(fù)數(shù)名詞中的一個；one或ones可代替帶形容詞的可數(shù)名詞，如：My watch does nt work. I want to buy a new one.我的手表壞了，我想買一塊新的。（one代替a watch）The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Dalian in winter.冬季哈爾濱的天氣要比大連冷。（that

29、指代不可數(shù)名詞the weathe）The story he told is different from the one you told.他講的故事與你講的不同。（the one指代the story）There are many new bikes in the shop. He wants to buy one.商店里有許多新自行車，他想買一輛。（one指代bikes中的一輛）5this和that還可作副詞用，表示程度，相當于so。I ca nt speak this well.我 說不這么好。Sometimes it was a bit bor ing to work here be

30、cause there was nt alwaysthat much to do.有時在這里工作有點沒意思，因為總是沒有那么多工作要做。6that和those可作定語從句的先行詞。在作先行詞時，只有those可指 人。He admired that which looked beautiful.他欣賞外表漂亮的東西。Those who were prese nt were give n a prese nt.凡是出席的人都得到了一份禮物7指示代詞可用于一些慣用法中。with this（that）緊接著；隨即5相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞，有each other和one another

31、ffi組,eachthis spri ng今年春天and all that等等that morning那天早晨bythis means用這種方法inthose years那 些年里thatis to say那就是說for this once就這一次in thiscase既然這樣to this day直至U今天that is也就是Thats that就這樣決定了。forall this(that)盡管如此學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載othe哆指兩者，one an other用于兩者以上的人或物之間，這種區(qū)別 在現(xiàn)代英語中已不明顯。相互代詞一般在句中作賓語，用其所有格形式（each others或onean

32、others作定語，如：We are all Chi nese. We should help one ano ther.（作賓語）我們都是中國人，我們應(yīng)互相幫助。Bill and Tom are good frien ds. They ofte n help each other in their studies.Bill和Tom是好朋友，他們經(jīng)常在學(xué)習(xí)上互相幫助。The stude nts poin ted out each others weak poin ts.（作定語） 學(xué)生們相互指出弱點。6疑問代詞主要用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，一般放在句首，在句中充當一定的成分，共有五個:who,who

33、m,whose,what禾口which。1）who和whom的用法who是主格，作主語和表語，口語中也可作賓語。whom是賓格，作 賓語。提問時，將whom置于句首是正式用法，但現(xiàn)代英語以who開頭 較普遍。Whom/Who did you see？你看到了誰？whom作介詞的賓語，提問時，正式文體是以“介詞+whom”開頭， 普通用法是以who開頭，而將介詞置于句末，但表達被動語態(tài)的by whom不宜拆開。如：Who went to the Great Wall yesterday?（作主語）昨天誰去長城了？Who is the girl?（作表語）這個女孩是誰？Whom will you

34、meet this after noon?（作賓語）今天下午你要去接誰？Whom/Who did you give it to?（作介賓）你把它給誰了？By whom was the wi ndow broke n? （作介賓）窗戶是被誰打破的？2）whose的用法whose是所有格，和物主代詞一樣，可分成形容詞性的和名詞性的。 是 形容詞性時，放在名詞前作定語，是名詞性時就單獨使用，在句中作主語、表語等。如：學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Whose umbrella is this?（作定語）這是誰的傘？Whose is this bike?（作表語）這輛自行車是誰的？3）what的用法可用來詢問姓名、

35、職業(yè)、年齡、時間、尺寸大小、日期、天氣、溫 度、顏色、價格、人物外貌及動作的對象、目的等，可作主語、賓語、 定語和表語。1）what單獨使用，構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。Whats your name?你叫什么名字？What are those in En glish?那些用英語怎么說？Whats four and five?四加五等于幾？Whats on the wall墻上有什么？Whats your age?你多大了？Whats the time?現(xiàn)在幾點鐘？Whats the date today?今天幾號？What is your father?你父親是干什么的？Whats the price

36、of these apples?這些蘋果多少錢？What makes that noise?什么發(fā)出的噪音？What else did they say?他們還說了些什么？What did he die of?他死于什么?。縒hat can I do for you?我能為你做些什么？What happe ned after that ?那件事后發(fā)生了什么？2）what放在名詞前，構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。What class are you in?你在哪個班？What grade are you in?你在幾年級？What number is your cell pho ne?你的手機號碼是多少？Wh

37、at time is it by your watch?你的表幾點了？What colour is your computer?你的電腦是什么顏色？What day is it today?今天星期幾？學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載What size do you want?你要多大尺寸的？What sport do you like best?你最喜歡什么運動？What tree is the one in full blossom?開滿花的那棵樹叫什么樹？What country do you come from?你是哪國人？what與how用于有關(guān)度量等的提問中的區(qū)別：what主要與名詞age, s

38、ize, depth, height, length, width等連用，口語中“how + old/big/deep/high/tall/lo ng/wide”更為普遍：What age are you? = What is your age? = How old are you?What height is he? = What is his height? = How tall is he?What size is it? = What is the size of it? = How big is it?what構(gòu)成一些句型或結(jié)構(gòu)：1詢問“某人或某物怎樣”用What about.？提出

39、委婉建議時也可用What/How about.?2詢問某人怎么了或某物有何毛病時，用Whats wron g/the matter with.?3詢問對某物的看法時，用What.think of.?意為“認為怎么樣？”What do you thi nk of Ch ina?你認為中國怎么樣？4詢問外表如何，用Whatlook like?-What does she look like?她長什么樣？-She looks like her mother; tall and graceful,like a film star.她長得像她的母親，個子高高的，而且舉止文雅，看上去像個電影明星。5詢問氣

40、候等情況時，用What is/was/.like?What was the weather like?天氣怎么樣？6詢問做某事的目的時，用What.for?What did you do that for?你為什么做那件事？7表示“假如怎么辦”用What if?What if we should fail aga in?假設(shè)我們再失敗，那該怎么辦？8作插人語的whats more,表示“而且”。whats worse表示“更糟糕的She learns quickly, and whats more she remembers what she has learnt.她學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)得很快

41、，而且所學(xué)的全都記得。9表示“等等”，用and what not。In her handbag I found a mirror, a lipstick, napkins, and what not.我在她的包里找到鏡子、口紅、紙巾等東西。10用what is called表示“所謂的”。This is what is called Gulf War Syndrome.這就是所謂的海灣戰(zhàn)爭綜合癥。（11）用在一些常用的口語中。So what?那又怎么樣？Whats up?怎么回事？What next?還有什么？Or what?還是別的什么？What if?若，那又會咋樣？4）which的用法w

42、hich提出兩種或兩種以上可供選擇的人或物， 在句中作主語、 定語 和賓語， 如：Which is better, the red one or the green one（作主語）哪個更好，紅的還是綠的？Which book is more interesting?（作定語）哪本書更有趣？Which will you choose?（作賓語）你選擇哪一個？1）which, what的區(qū)別3二者均可與名詞連用，但二者有所不同。當選擇余地不大時，一般用which，當選擇余地較大而到底有多少種可能性還不清楚時，常用what。如：Which pate nt is more importa nt in

43、 the first year of life?（選擇余地不大）What colour are the flowers?（選擇余地較大）如果與指人的名詞連用，即使選擇余地較大，有時我們也寧愿用which,如：Which writers do you like?你喜歡哪些作家？二者作代詞時區(qū)別同上。如：學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Which would you like - banana or apple?What would you like to eat?只有which后才能跟of短語，如：Which of you wa nts to stay home?你們中誰想呆在家里？2) who, what,

44、 which后加上后綴-ever,構(gòu)成其強調(diào)形式。Whoever wants the book may have it.無論是誰想要這書都可以擁有它。Whatever I have is yours我所有的一切都是你的。Take whichever you wish隨便拿哪一個都行。7.不定代詞用來修飾或代替不定數(shù)字或不定范圍的人或事物詞叫不定代詞。 不定 代詞有名詞性和形容詞性之分，并有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的區(qū)別，常見的不定 代詞有all, both, each,either, neither, (a)little, (a) few, much, many, another, other, some

45、, any, such,the same, or等，以及由some-, no-, any與thing, body, one合成的復(fù)合不定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, an ybody, n obody, someone, anyone, every one, none, no o等e現(xiàn)將不定代詞的用法分述如下：1) one的用法one泛指任何人或物，可以在形容詞和that,this等詞后代替剛提過的 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語等。其所有格形式 為on es,反身代詞為on eself,復(fù)數(shù)形式為o

46、n es.1泛指人One should be strict with on eself.(作主語、賓語)人應(yīng)該嚴格要求自己。2表示“一個人或物”Chin ese is one of the most useful la nguages in the world.(作表語)漢語是世界上最有用的語言之一。3代替上文已出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞，相當于a+該可數(shù)名詞r ve lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.(作賓語)我的鋼筆丟了，我想買一支新的。4作同位語學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載That is the child, the one that you referred to

47、just now.那就是你剛才提到的那個小孩。5one和it的區(qū)別one和ones是泛指，表示同類中的任何一個或幾個，it是特指，指代上 文出現(xiàn)過的某一物，如：This book is a good one. May I borrow it?（it代this book，one代替book）這本書是一本好書，我可以借嗎？6the one和the ones表示特定的人或物，如：No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的電影最好。Stude nts who do well in exam in ati ons are the ones wh

48、o ask questi ons inclass考試成績好的都是上課愛提問的學(xué)生。7one前可以有形容詞修飾，這時它需帶冠詞或受形容詞性物主代詞修飾，如：I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my han（我（我有兩個球，舊的在地板上，新的在我手里。He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broke n.昨天他買了一支新鋼筆，他那支舊的壞了。8one可用this, that, any, some, each, the next, every, whic

49、等修飾，如：Hereare two umbrellas, which one is yours? This one or that one?這兒有兩把傘，哪一把是你的？這把還是那把？one或ones帶后置定語時，前面要加定冠詞，如：Is this the one you wa nt?這是你想要的那個嗎？2） some和any的用法1some和any均表示一些，既修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞；some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問句、 否定句和條件句中，some和any可用作代詞 （作主語和賓語），也可用作形容詞（作定語），如：Some of the stude nts will go

50、to Qi ng Dao tomorrow.（作主語）明天有些學(xué)生將去青島。Is there any left?（作主語）還有剩下的嗎？If you have food, please take some with you.（作賓語）學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載如果你有食物，請帶一些。There isnt any time left.（作定語）沒有時間了。2some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前（二（二a certain）,表示“某一（個）”女口：Ive read the story in some book我在某書中讀過這個故事。Some girl is wait ing for you at the schoo

51、l gate.有個女孩在校門口等你。3some與數(shù)字連用，意為“大概”，“大約”如：The country has exported some two millio n bikes this year.這個國家今年已出口了大約二百萬輛自行車。4some用于疑問句，表說話人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示請求、建議、邀請等。如：May I have some water?（請求，期待給予肯定回答）我可以喝些水嗎？Would you like some apple&（邀請）想吃些蘋果嗎？5any可用于肯定句，表“任何的”，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：You may choose any stude n

52、你可以選擇任何學(xué)生。6可用作狀語，表程度，如：I cant stay here any Ion ger我 不能再呆在這丿兒了。Do you feel any better now?感覺好些了嗎？3）each和every的用法1each“每個，各，各自的”強調(diào)個體，在句中充當定語、主語、賓語和 同位語,every強調(diào)整體，“每個都”，在句中只能做定語，如：Each room can seat at least fifty people.（作定語）每個房間至少能坐50人。Every one has str ong and weak poin ts.（作定語）每個人都有優(yōu)缺點。Each of the

53、 stude nts will get a new book.（作主語）每個學(xué)生將得到一本新書。Each child will find his own personal road to success.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載（作定語）每個孩子將會找到他個人的成功之路。The headmaster shook hands with each of us in turn after the game作賓語）比賽后，校長同我們每個人一一握手。We each have our own attitude to teachi ng stude nts.（作同位語）在教學(xué)生問題上，我們每個人有各自的看法。2e

54、ach指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的每一個，every指三者或三者以 上的人或事物中的每一個。There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一邊都遮布樹和花。Every stude nt has read a poen每個學(xué)生都讀了一首詩。3every可以表示“每隔”，構(gòu)成“every+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，“every+few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，every+other+單數(shù)名詞”或“every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”。each無這種用法。如：every three days/every third day每隔2天，每3天every o

55、ther hour/every sec ond hou每隔1小時every few days每隔幾天4）both和all的用法both“兩者都”，all指“三者或三者以上都”，“全體”。在句中可作主 語、賓語、定語和同位語。all或both作主語的同位語時，需放在be動 詞、第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前 ，如：Both of the stude nts are fiftee n.（作主語）這兩名學(xué)生都是15歲。All but one are prese nt.（作主語）除一人外，其他的人都到了。She asked both of them to leave the city.（作賓

56、語）她讓他們兩人都離開這座城市。I have forgotten all about it.（作賓語）我忘記了所有有關(guān)它的事情。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Both plans are good.（作定語）兩個計劃都是好的。All men are equal.（作定語）所有的人都是平等的。You are both too you ng.（作同位語）你們兩個都太年輕。They all agree to stay here.作同位語）他們都同意呆在此。all除指人外還可指籠統(tǒng)的環(huán)境等，表“所有、一切”，作主語時謂語 動詞用單數(shù)，如：All is over with him.（指情況）他一切都完了。All g

57、oes well.一切順利。All is quiet.萬籟俱寂。2all還可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如：All hope has gone所有的希望都破滅了。3both和all同否定詞連用表部分否定，表全部否定要用neither, none,no body, no thi ng, no one女口：Both of them are not singers.（部分否定）他們倆不都是歌手。Neither of them is a sin ger.（全部否定）他們倆都不是歌手。Not all books are good.=All books are not good.=Not every book is

58、 good.（部分否定）不是所有的書都是好書。None of the books are good.（全部否定）這些書都非好書。5 ） much禾口many的用法這兩個詞都有“許多”的意思，much表示或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，many表示或修飾可數(shù)名詞。口語中，much或many多用于疑問句或否定句，在肯定句中它們常用a lot of, lots of , ple nty of, a large qua ntity of, qua ntities of等等代替。much和many在句中可作主語、賓語或定語。many作主語時謂語動詞 用復(fù)數(shù)，much作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Many of the st

59、udents did well this time.（作主語）這次許多學(xué)生做得好。Much of the time is free.（作主語）許多時間是空閑的。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載I have much to say.（作賓語）我有許多話要說。I dont have much to do today.（作賓語）今天我沒太多的事要做。Many people wan ted to stay here.（作定語）許多人想呆在這兒。Theres much water in the bottle.（作定語）瓶里有許多水。注意1much可用作副詞，作狀語，修飾比較級，表程度，如：The city is mu

60、ch larger tha n that one.2be not much意為“不怎么樣”，如:Ive visited the country and it is not much.我拜訪過那個國家，并不怎么樣。3much還可與too連用，構(gòu)成“too much+不可數(shù)名詞”短語，意為“太 多的或“much too形容詞或副詞”短語，意為太非?！薄案痹~詞組， 修飾形容詞或副詞，不修飾動詞。There is too much noise in the classroom.rm much too busy to see visitors.4many a +單數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。