定語從句難點(diǎn)突破

1、定語從句難點(diǎn)突破定語從句是學(xué)生解題的難點(diǎn)，下面就定語從句的難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，從而讓學(xué)生深刻地領(lǐng)悟理解定語從句，進(jìn)而掌握解題技巧。1. 先判斷先行詞是人還是物。2. 確定關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分。3. 還原定語從句，檢驗先行詞在定語從句充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。在處理綜合試卷的過程中，遇到這樣的一道題：He didnt put the things _ they belonged, for reason he got his punishment.（D）A. which; that B. what; this C. that; whose D. where; which學(xué)生答錯

2、率較高?！八麤]有把那些東西放回到他們本該在(原來)的地方，為此他受到了懲罰。” 第一空語境分析，東西應(yīng)放在什么地方。Where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時意為“在的地方”；結(jié)構(gòu)分析，belong 為不及物動詞，常用固定搭配belong to。They belonged句從結(jié)構(gòu)上說選出的詞只能用來做狀語；如句子為they belonged to則要補(bǔ)足賓語。第二空reason 前的限定詞為that/this，故應(yīng)用which來連接相當(dāng)于and for this/that reason。類似的用法有in which case、during which time相當(dāng)于and in that/this case、

3、during that time。1. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. （05重慶） AA. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time2. They stayed with me for two weeks, _ they drank all the beer i ha

4、d . CA. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which3. I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone. CA. in whose case B. in which C. in which case D. in that case一、Suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句與suchas引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別：Suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的是一個完整的句子；而suchas引導(dǎo)的定語從句，as在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。如：His plan was such

5、a good one _ we all agreed to accept.中，應(yīng)用as，因為we all agreed to accept 缺少賓語，完整的句子為we all agreed to accept it.如為 His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it,則應(yīng)用that, 因為we all agreed to accept it 是一個完整的句子。1. I don't like such books _ he recommended. AA. as B. that C. so D. after which

6、2. Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect him. AA. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as3. Such a book _ you lent me is too difficult to understand. CA. that B. which C. as D. like二、一些特殊的先行詞如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析。這些詞基本上都是表示時間、地點(diǎn)的

7、詞，做具體題目時，要判斷他們在定語從句充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥頉Q定關(guān)聯(lián)詞。主語、賓語和表語用that/which，狀語用where/when/介詞+which。如：There is one point_ we must insist on.Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.第一句定語從句可還原為：we must insist on the point,所以先行詞point在定語從句中作賓語，故用that或省略。第二句定語從句可還原為：at the point both sides w

8、ill sit down together and talk, 故先行詞point在定語從句中作狀語，所以關(guān)系詞用where/介詞+which。1. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.（D）A. when B. whose C. which D. where2. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparat

9、ion for all of the situations _ appear in the working world. CA. Where B. when C. that D. what3. (08上海卷 38) We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. C A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which4. (08山東卷 26)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend

10、a day with my kids. DA. who B. which C. why D. when5. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001上海) AA. where B. which C. while D. why6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn'

11、;t write a good essay. (2003上海卷)D A. why B. which C. as D. where7. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. （05廣東）A A. in which B. by which C. which D. that8. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides wil

12、l sit down together and talk. (山東卷)AA. where B. that C. when D. which9. - Do you have anything to say for yourselves?- Yes，theres one point _we must insist on (江西卷) D Awhy Bwhere Chow D/10. After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do. 2007年江西卷 D A. that B. what

13、 C. which D. where三、先行詞為地點(diǎn)、時間及reason和way的定語從句。表示時間、地點(diǎn)先行詞以及先行詞為reason、way在定語從句中作狀語時，相應(yīng)的用: 表示時間的先行詞：when/介詞+which；表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞：where/介詞+which；reason為先行詞：why/for which/that/; way為先行詞：in which/that/但解題關(guān)鍵要判斷先行詞在定語從句中作狀語還是作主語、賓語和表語。作狀語，則適用上面得語法規(guī)則，如作主語、賓語和表語，則仍需用that/which（作賓語that/which可省略）。This is the reason

14、_ he gave me.This is the reason _ he didnt come to school today.第一句定語從句可還原為：he gave me the reason, 先行詞reason在定語從句中作賓語，故關(guān)系詞用that/which或省略；第二句定語從句可還原為：for the reason he didnt come to school today, 故關(guān)系詞用why/for which/that或省略。1. The place _ I visited last summer is just the place _ I spent my childhood.

15、 BA. that; that B. that; where C. where; where D. where; that2. Is there a department store around _ I can get a birthday present for my brother? BA. Which B. where C. on which D. that 3. Is this the house _Shakespeare was born? （1988全國） C A. at where B. which C. in which D. at which 4. Is this the

16、reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春) A A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained5. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05江蘇）C A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which

17、; where D. which; in which6. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （06上海） CA. where B. when C. which D. what四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。它們的常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1). 介詞+which/whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.(2). 名詞+of+ which/whomPlease pass me the boo

18、k the cover of which is blue.(3). 數(shù)詞+of+ which/whomShes got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.(4). 代詞+of +which/whom In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. (5). 最高級+of + which/whomChina has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.介詞的選擇根據(jù)介詞與定語從句中動詞的搭配關(guān)

19、系；根據(jù)介詞與前面的名詞先行詞的搭配關(guān)系；同時考慮與動詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。1. John, _ money is no problem, still leads a simple life.（D）A. for whose B. of whose C. of whom D. for whom2. (08上海春卷 38)37. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry，_ there wont be much work DA. where B. that C. by which D. without which 3. (08湖南卷31)The gr

20、owing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. BA. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 4. (08陜西卷13) The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. DA. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the

21、hands of which5. (08福建卷31) By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. D A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 6. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows , most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.

22、 （1990全國） DA. these B. those C. that D. which7. n the dark street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help. (1992全國) D A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 8. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. (2000上海春) BA. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom9. There

23、 are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high . (04湖北) DAthe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 10. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad . (04遼寧) AAof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 11. Luckily, we'd br

24、ought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. (04北京春招) D12. A. it B. that C. this D. which13. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.（05山東） A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this14. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. （05全國II）D Aof them B

25、from which Cwho of Dof whom15. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.（05江西）C Ain thatBfor thatCin whichDfor which16. -why does she always ask you for help? （05北京） -There is no one else _, is there? B A. who to turn to B. she can tu

26、rn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn17. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (浙江卷) B A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which18. She was educated at Beijing University, _she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (陜西卷) AA. after which B. from which C. from that D

27、. after that19. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南卷) BA. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which20. The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great charges. 2007年山東卷 DAwhen Bduring whic

28、h Csince then Dsince when21. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 2007年四川卷 D Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which22. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy 2007年北京卷 DA. that B. which C. what D. whom23.

29、Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007年安徽卷 D A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom24. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. 2008年陜西卷 DA. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the ha

30、nds of which五、As 與which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句的區(qū)別。(1). As 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前或之后，一般用逗號與主句隔開；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。(2). As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常與主句意義一致，常譯為“正如”、“就像”；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常與主句有因果關(guān)系。(3). As 常與一些詞連用形成的定語從句，已形成了固定的說法，如：As is known to all; as has been said before; as is often the case; as often happens, as has be

31、en pointed out等。1. Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much. (1999全國) DA. it B. that C. when D. which2. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. (1991全國) CA. it B. that C. which D. he3. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expec

32、ted. (2000上海春) B A. like B. as C . that D. which4. _ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. (2003上海春)B A. That B. As C. It D. What六、As is known (to us all),與it is known (to us all) that或what is known (to us all)is that的區(qū)別。As is known (to us all),引導(dǎo)的為非限制性定語從句；it is known (to us

33、 all)that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句；what is known (to us all) is that為主語從句+表語從句。As is known to us all, the earth is round.=It is known to us all that the earth is round.=What is known to us all is that the earth is round.1. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001全國)B A. It B.

34、 As C. That D. What2. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04北京) BA. It B. As C. That D. What3. _ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. AA. It B. As C. That D. What4. _ is known to everybody is that t

35、he moon travels round the earth once every month. C A. It B. As C. That D. What七、Where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別。He found the books where he had put.He found the books in the place where he had put them.第一個句子為where 引導(dǎo)的句子為狀語從句，where意為“在 地方”，從句前無表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。第二個句子為定語從句，where引導(dǎo)從句修飾the place，主句為he found the b

36、ooks in the place,定語從句可還原為he had put them in the place,先行詞place在定語從句中作狀語，故關(guān)聯(lián)詞用where/介詞+which。1. The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. 2007年福建卷D A. when B. which C. that 2. Plants grow best _ it is warm and wet. CA. which B. in which C. where D. that3. After the war, a n

37、ew school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. DA. that B. when C which D where4. Now he works in a factory _ his father used to work. AA. where B. when C. that D. /5. You should let your children play _ you can see them. AA. where B when C. in which D. that八、名詞fact、hope、idea、news、pr

38、oblem、suggestion等后面跟同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句是形容詞從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，是用來修飾前面的名詞或代詞的；同位語從句是名詞從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞，是對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋的。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，可作主語、賓語、狀語等；而同位語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何句子成分。同位語從句與其所修飾的名詞之間是一種同位關(guān)系，二者之間存在邏輯上的系表關(guān)系，可用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。例如： 1 We heard the news that he had told her. 我們聽到他對她說的消息。 2 We heard the ne

39、ws that he had won the game. 我們聽到消息他贏得了比賽。 九、one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞和the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動詞He is one of the students who pass the exam.He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.第一句先行詞為students，故定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；第二句先行詞為the only one,故定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1. Beihai Park is one of the most beau

40、tiful parks _ built 300 years ago. DA. which was B. which were C. that was D. that were十、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉it is/was that結(jié)構(gòu)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整；定語從句去掉it is/wasthat, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，意思也不完整。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是副詞、介詞短語或從句；定語從句中先行詞一般是名詞、代詞和名詞短語。Was it the place where the party was held?Was it in the place that the party was held?

41、It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm we worked. 2007年山東卷 DAthat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 十一、其他1. The financial crisis and the suffering _ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.(C)A. they B. which

42、C. it D. what2. Is this factory_ you visited last year? AA. the one B. that C. which D. where3. Is this the factory_ you visited last year? BA. the one B. that C. who D. where4. China is no longer the country _ it used to be. BA. which B. that C. what D. /5. The driver and his car _ fell into the ri

43、ver have not yet been discover. CA. which B. who C. that D. both of which6. This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday. DA. that B. which C. as D. Both A and C“where”是高考熱點(diǎn)之一，命題中主要考查其在定語從句、名詞從句和狀語從句這三大從句中的使用。例如：(1)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more t

44、han hearing.句中where是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做狀語；(2)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.句中where是連接副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞從句做表語，而本身在從句中做狀語；(3)If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.句中where是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。在回答有關(guān)where的題目時，往往會遇到這樣兩個難點(diǎn)：

45、一、定語從句中，“感覺不到”的where一提到where，我們往往都借其詞義，想到“哪里”，無論是在工廠，在學(xué)校，在街道等等，都看得見，摸得著，例如：They will fly to Washington,they plan to stay for two or three days.A. where B. thereC. which D. when答案A，這似乎是顯而易見?！八麄円w往華盛頓，他們打算在那(華盛頓)待上兩三天?！薄霸谌A盛頓”，使用where，有具體的地點(diǎn)。不過再看一看下面的三個題目：(1)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. whenC. who D. which(2)After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she