2016考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案(完整文字版)解析【最新】

1、凱程考研集訓(xùn)營(yíng)，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！2016 考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案（完整文字版）解析緊張的 2016 英語(yǔ)初試結(jié)束了，凱程教育的電話瞬間變成了熱線，同學(xué)們興奮地匯報(bào)自己的答題情況， 幾乎所有內(nèi)容都在凱程考研集訓(xùn)營(yíng)系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練過(guò)，英語(yǔ)專業(yè)課難度與往年相當(dāng)， 答題的時(shí)候非常順手，英語(yǔ)題型今年是選擇題，閱讀題、作文題， 相信凱程的學(xué)員們對(duì)此非常熟悉， 預(yù)祝親愛(ài)的同學(xué)們復(fù)試順利。英語(yǔ)分筆試、 面試， 如果沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備， 或者準(zhǔn)備不充分， 很容易被掛掉。如果需要復(fù)試的幫助，同學(xué)們可以聯(lián)系凱程老師輔導(dǎo)。下面凱程英語(yǔ)老師把英語(yǔ)的真題全面展示給大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017 年考英語(yǔ)的同學(xué)使用，本試題凱程

2、首發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)載注明出處。2016 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 真題及答案（完整版）（注：以下選項(xiàng)標(biāo)紅加粗為正確答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodiathe choice of a spouse is acomplex one for theyoung male. It mayi

3、nvolvenotonlyhisparentsand hisfriends, thoseof theyoungwomen,but alsoa matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 ,

4、 a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 bythe 1980s it more commonly lasted a day an

5、d a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand8 prayersofblessing.Partsofthe ceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9 cotton threadssoakedin holywateraroundthe bride'sandgroom'swrists,and10 a candle arounda circleof happilymarriedand respectedcouplesto blessthe 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move

6、 in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 theycan build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18

7、equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice9第頁(yè) 共 1 頁(yè)19 up .Thedivorced male doesn't have awaiting periodbefore hecan remarry 20the woman must wait the months.1. A by way ofB as well asC on behalf ofD with regard to2. A adapt toB provide forCcompete withD decide on3. A closeB re

8、newCarrangeD postpone4. A In theoryB Above allC In timeD For example5. A AlthoughB LestC AfterD Unless6. A intoB withinC fromD through7. A sineB orC butD so8. A testBcopyCreciteD create9. A foldingB pilingC wrappingD tying10. A lightingB passingC hidingD serving11. A meetingB associationC collection

9、Dunion12. A growB partC dealDlive13. A whereasB untilC forD if14. A obtainB followC challengeDavoid15. A isolatedB persuadedC viewedD exposed16. AwhereverB howeverC wheneverDwhatever17. A changedB broughtC shapedD pushed18. A dividedB investedC donatedD withdrawn19. AclearsB warmsC showsD breaks20.

10、AwhileB so whatConceD in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has dec

11、ided its fashionindustry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness"

12、bypromoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban onultra-thinmodelsseemsto go beyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth -as some have done.

13、 It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they shouldnot let others

14、be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still

15、regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.Thefashionindustryknowsit hasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.In De

16、nmark,the UnitedStates,anda few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there relymore on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrastto France'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthon rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other c

17、haracteristics of models .The newlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on youngpeople.Thecharter'smaintollofenforcementis todenyaccessfordesignersand modeling agencies to Copenhagen.

18、Fashion week, which is men by the Danish FashionInstitute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the mat

19、erial standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefinedB New runways would be constructedC Websites about dieting would thriveD The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para

20、2) is closest in meaning toA heightening the value ofB indicating the state ofC losing faith inD doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industryA The French measures have already failedB New standards are being set in DenmarkC Models are no longer under peer pressureD Its inh

21、erent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forA setting perfect physical conditionsB caring too much about models' characterC showing little concern for health factorsD pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best titl

22、e of the text?A A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body IdealsB A Dilemma for the starving models in FranceC Just Another Round of struggle for beautyD The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain th

23、is has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside theroyalfamily.Shakespeareandthe National HealthService(NHS)as whatmakethemproudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to resc

24、ue stylish housesbut to save"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever".It wasspecificallyto provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air".Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don'

25、;t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityover conservation,even authorizing &

26、quot;off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantsto discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democratsare silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading fo

27、r a more consideredapproachto usinggreenland.Its campaignto protectRuralEnglandstruckterrorinto many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureis inplace. TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyed recently ide

28、ntified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with nointrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The ideathat "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses

29、but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best w

30、here building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe'smost crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to

31、retainan enviableruralcoherence,whilestill permittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereis no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepolitical spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about

32、the countrysideA is not well reflected in politicsB is fully backed by the royal familyC didn't start fill the Shakespearean ageD has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2， the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA largely overshadowedB properly protectedC effec

33、tively reinforcedD gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3A Labour is under attack for opposing developmentB The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" buildingC Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationD The Liberal Democrats are losing poli

34、tical influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preferenceA shows his disregard for the character of rural areaB stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisC highlights his firm stand against lobby pressureD reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragra

35、ph the author show his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in BritainD the political life in today's Britain Text 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman,

36、 aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"Thatis, to useits resourcesand engagein activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regardcorporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely cle

37、ar-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a yearon CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to thei

38、r businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that acompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuya company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third,through a more diffuse "halo effec

39、t" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects becauseconsumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American'

40、s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（ FCPA ）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations ， they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that ， among prosecuted firms ， those with the most comprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtoge

41、tmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthe possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accountedfor the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the studyconcludesthat whereasprosecutorsshou

42、ldonly evaluatea casebased on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than

43、the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionathowmuchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they co

44、mpanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR withAuncertainty BskepticismCapproval Dtolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by Aguarding it against malpractice

45、sBprotecting it from consumers Cwinning trust from consumers. Draising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to Aless controversialBmore lasting Cmore effective Dless severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR

46、record Acomes across as reliable evidenceBhas an impact on their decision Cincreases the chance of being penalized Dconstitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknownB Companies&

47、#39; financial capacity for it has been overestimatedC Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked DIt has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasesto publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of d

48、ebate. "Sometime in thefuture," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't jus

49、t expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from printanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and c

50、irculation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print editionwould be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transitionw

51、ould make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. &q

52、uot;It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still g

53、et the product they favor, the idea goes, andthey'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So ifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid."Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to gene

54、rate additional revenue."In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digita

55、l- only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that wherewe havethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthe marketchangesan

56、d theworld changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due toA the increasing online and salesB the pressure from its investorsC the complaints from its readersD the high cos

57、t of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times shouldA make strategic adjustmentsB end the print sedition for goodC seek new sources of leadershipD aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"A helps restore the glory of former timesB is meant for the most loyal customersC will have the cost of prin