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1、U7 語法一、祈使句( imperatives)1.祈使句的定義及句式特征:定義:祈使句是用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告或祝愿等的句子。它的特點(diǎn)是通常省略主語you,以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,末尾可用句號或感嘆號。祈使句沒有疑問句的形式,一般只有肯定和否定兩種形式。Go and wash your hands. (表命令 )Be quite, please. ( Please be quiet.)(表請求)Be kind to your sister. (表勸告)Watch your steps. (表警告)No parking. ( 表禁止 )2.肯定形式 (動(dòng)詞原形開頭)1)以系動(dòng)詞be 開頭

2、的祈使句,這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu):be+形容詞 / 名詞Be quiet / quick!Be a good student!Be careful when crossing the street.2)以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞開頭的祈使句,這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:動(dòng)詞原形+賓語( +其他)。Come in, please !Please open your books!Put them away!3)let 型( Let+ 賓語 +動(dòng)詞原形 +其他)Let him do it by himself.Let me help you.Let s go tohet park.3.否定形式 (一般在動(dòng)詞上否定,也可以

3、用否定副詞(never)來表示)1) be 型【 Don t be 其+他成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語)】Don t be careless!Never be late again next time!【注意】:在這種句型中,be 不能省略否定副詞not 不可置于be 之后2) do 型( Don t 動(dòng)+詞原形 +其他)Don t believe him!Don t worry!Never do it again!3) Let 引起的祈使句有兩種否定形式a) . Let+ 賓語 +not+ 動(dòng)詞原形 +其他Let her not do that.Let s not think about i

4、t. It s only a waste of time.b). Don t+ let+賓語 +動(dòng)詞原形 +其他Don t let Jim do that.Don t let us go, please.4) 在公共場合的提示語中,否定祈使句常用“ No名詞 / V-ing 形式 ”結(jié)構(gòu),表示 “禁止做某事 ”。例如:NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!No parking!1/12【注意】:1). 在表達(dá)請求或勸告時(shí),有時(shí)為了表示委婉的語氣,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please 加在句末,應(yīng)用逗號將其與前面的部分隔開。Sit down, please.Please look afte

5、r the twins.2). 在意思比較明顯的情況下,可以把謂語動(dòng)詞省略。This way, please.3). 有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣,可以在動(dòng)詞前使用do.Do be careful !一定要小心!4). 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對方,也可加上主語you,人名或everybody, anybody 等不定代詞。You sweep the floor and I clean the window.Stand up, everybody.5).有時(shí)為了明確向誰提出請求或發(fā)出命令,可加稱呼語,但稱呼語要與句子用逗號隔開。Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.4.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反

6、意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分,通常有以下三種形式:1).祈使句為肯定句式,其反意疑問句表示請求時(shí),通常用willyou ;表示邀請、勸說時(shí),用won tyou。Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont 今you?晚來和我們一起吃飯,好嗎?2).祈使句為否定句式,其反意疑問句通常只用will you 。例如:Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會議室抽煙,好嗎?3). Let 開

7、頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí),除Let s用 shall we 外,其它均用will you 。例如:Let the boy go first, will you?讓個(gè)那男孩先走,好嗎?Let s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉?,好嗎?.祈使句的回答祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以回答祈使句時(shí),一般用will 或 wont。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí),要注意兩點(diǎn):1) 形式一致 (即 Yes 與 will 保持一致; No 與 wont保持一致 )2) 意思相反 (即 Yes 是 “不 ”的意思; No 是 “是 ”的意思

8、)。在回答時(shí),要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如:- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside請.不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去機(jī)場接我弟弟。6. 祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時(shí),須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時(shí),要用并列連詞and 來連接;如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時(shí),要用并列連詞or 來連接。例如:Leave it with me and I will see w

9、hat I can do.把它留給我吧,我想想有沒有辦法。2/12Hurry up, or well be late.快點(diǎn),否則我們要遲到了。二、感嘆句( exclamations)(一)、 感嘆句 是表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句句末通常用感嘆號,讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。(二) 、感嘆句的基本句型【句型一】 What + (a / an) +形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!What a clever boy he is! ( 他是個(gè) )多么聰明的男孩?。hat an interesting story it is! ( 這是個(gè) )多么有趣的故事?。hat fine weather i

10、t is!多好的天氣??!What beautiful flowers they are! ( 它們是 )多么漂亮的花?。 菊f明】在感嘆句中, What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用an。 what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞,如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch等,當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用what a / an ,如:What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨?。hat a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇??!What a ri

11、ch breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐??!【句型二】 How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!How well you look!你氣色真好 !How kind you are!你心腸真好 !How beautifully you sing!你唱得真好聽 !Strawberries! How nice!草莓 ! 多好呀 !How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明??!How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!【說明】 how 還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,但動(dòng)詞不提前。如:How I want to be a doctor!我多么想成為一

12、名醫(yī)生?。ow she dances! 她跳得多好?。「袊@句型總結(jié)How + 形容詞 + a + 名詞 +其他成分!How+ 形容詞或副詞 +其他成分!What + 名詞 +其他成分!What +a+ 形容詞 +名詞 +其他成分!3/12What + 形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +其他成分!What + 形容詞 +不可數(shù)名詞 +其他成分!請看以下例子: It s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。 What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊! It s wonderful weather天.氣很好。 What wonderful

13、 weather! 天氣真好! He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。 How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)??! Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過得很快。 How quickly timepassed! 時(shí)間過得真快【難點(diǎn) 1】what 類感嘆句省略形容詞1. 當(dāng)其中的名詞帶有形容詞的意味時(shí)【重點(diǎn)】What luck! 真幸運(yùn) !What fools! 真是些笨蛋 !What a surprise! 真是意想不到 !What fun we could have!我們玩得多開心啊2. 當(dāng)進(jìn)行批評時(shí)What

14、 nonsense! 一派胡言 !What a shame! 多可恥 (惜 )!What a mess! 多么臟亂啊 !3. 當(dāng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或夸張時(shí)Oh, what a lie! 啊,多大的謊言!What a night! 多糟糕的一個(gè)晚上!4. 當(dāng)表示蔑視時(shí)What a man he is! 那家伙算什么 !注:有時(shí)在沒有上下文,意思可能不確定。如:What a day! 看這天氣 ! ( 是褒是貶,視具體情況而定)【難點(diǎn) 2】how 在感嘆句中修飾動(dòng)詞4/12感嘆句有時(shí)可用“ how+主語 +動(dòng)詞 ”構(gòu)成,此是how 直接用于修飾動(dòng)詞。如:How I missed you. 我多么想念你啊。H

15、ow you ve grown!你都長這么大啦!How you ve changed!你的變化真大!How he wished for a drink!他多希望能有點(diǎn)東西喝!How things get around! Everyone must know you are in town.消息傳得多快! 人們一定知道你到城里來了。(三)、注意( 1)要修飾名詞的形容詞不能是表數(shù)量的many, much, little , few ,遇此情況要用how,即使它們后面跟有名詞:How many books he has ! 他的書真多!How much money he gave her ! 他給

16、了她好多錢呀!How little money I have ! 我的錢多么少呀!How few friends he has ! 他的朋友真少!比較: What a little box it is ! 多小巧的盒子呀?。ㄔ搇ittle 不表示數(shù)量)( 2)有時(shí)句中的主語和謂語可以省略:How fast ! 多快呀!How nice ! 多好呀!How beautiful ! 多美呀!How nice of you to come ! 你來了真好!一、單項(xiàng)選擇:1.Please _, they re having a meeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.must

17、n t talkD.nospeaking2._ to meet me at the station. I ll be waiting there.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.Forget notD.Don tforget3.It s a fine day. Let s go fishing, _?A.won tweB.willyouC.don t weD.shallwe4.Don t smoke in the meeting-room, _?A.doyouB.willyouC. canyouD.couldyou5._ me go. It is very importan

18、t for me.A. Do letB. Let doC. Doing letD. To do let6.He is not honest. _ believe him.A. NotB. Don tC. To notD. Not to7._ up early tomorrow, or you can t catch the train.A. GettingB. GetC. To getD. Got8._ in the street. It s dangerous.A. Not playB. Not to playC. Don t playD. Don t to play9.Lucy,_thed

19、oororsomeonewillcomein.A. closeB. closesC. not closeD. is closing10. _ and play football in the street after lunch.5/12A.Let s nottogoB.Let s notgoC.Let s don t goD.Notlet sgo11. A sign with the words“ _ ” is often found in a bus.A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking12. _ Chinese in you Eng

20、lish class.A. Not speakB. Don t speakC. Speak notD. Don t speaking13 . _ the boxes. You may use them later.A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keepD. Kept14. Never come late again, _?A. will youB. won t youC. do youD. does he15. The TV is too loud. Please_.A. turn it downB. to turn it downC. turn down itD. to tu

21、rn down it16. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.A. NotB. Won'tC. Doesn'tD. Don't17. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing18. _ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell二 . 用括號內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1. It s

22、an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years

23、 and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Let s _ (not, say) anything about it.U7 句型1.Water has no taste.睡根本沒有味道。2.Now, he is sitting in his favourite chairtiredlaugh or to play.現(xiàn)在,他正坐在他最喜歡的椅子上,太累了,笑不動(dòng),也玩不動(dòng)。3.Soon hell g

24、o to. 不久他就會去睡覺。4.Then I see him, on the building. 之后,我在建筑工地上看到他在工作。5.Hesin the clouds higher than a kite. 他高高地站在云中,比風(fēng)箏還高。6.Hes working on apiece of wood notthe height.6/12他正走在一塊狹窄的木板上,并不擔(dān)心它的高度。7.Hesat the newspaper stand,the bus stop, and hes.他坐在報(bào)攤前,就在車站旁,他微笑著。8.A bus stops, and the people公車停了,人們魚貫而

25、出。9.Theyreto work. 他們趕去上班。10.Aof people, all very busy,tired faces. 一群人,都非常忙碌,面帶倦容。11.Or will youit two?還是你愿意成為第二個(gè)?12.dawndusk, I never stop. 從破曉到黃昏,我從不停止。13.We drivethe streetnight to stopand those who fight .我們沿著街道徹夜行駛,攔截小偷,阻止斗毆。翻譯下列句子1是誰告訴你那件事的?我根本就不認(rèn)識艾迪 ( not . at all )_2很多人都喜歡起床后洗個(gè)澡( have a bat

26、h )_3這個(gè)箱子太重了,我扛不動(dòng)( too.to )_4我太矮了,夠不到那本書( too.to)_5你通常幾點(diǎn)去睡覺?( go to bed )_6我昨晚睡不著,所以今天我有點(diǎn)不舒服( go to sleep, a bit )_7春天里,你可以看到很多蝴蝶和蜜蜂在花園里飛舞(see.doing something )_8公交車停了,很多人沖了出來 ( rush out )_9- 你今天早上為什么急匆匆趕去學(xué)校?-因?yàn)槲覀冮_校運(yùn)會_10 我昨天晚上在那棵樹下看到一群螞蟻(a crowd of )_綜合能力【把下列句子改為感嘆句】7/121. It s a quite a nice presen

27、t._ _ nice present it is!2. We have fine weather today._ _ weather we have today !3. It s sunny today._ _ sunny day it is today !4. The children are working hard._ _ the children are working!5. She played basketball wonderfully._ _ she played basketball !6. He is good at singing._ _ he sings !7. The

28、 fish is very lovely._ _ the fish is !8. They live a happy life today._ _ _ life they live today !感嘆句巧解五法1、 一找 ·二斷·三辨 ·四確定 :構(gòu)成感嘆句的感嘆詞有兩個(gè):what 和 how,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:1) What 名詞陳述肯定式:2) How 形容詞(或副詞)陳述肯定式很多初學(xué)者常常對該用what 還是該用 how 弄不清楚。如:_cold water this is ! A HowB What_cold it is !AWhatB How【如果我們采取

29、“一找 ·二斷 ·三辨 ·四確定 ”的方法很快就能確定該選哪個(gè)感嘆詞?!耙徽?”即先找出句中的主語。 “二斷 ”就是在句中的名詞(形容詞、副詞等)與代詞(或名詞)之間斷開。例如上面第一句應(yīng)在water與 this 中斷開(因this 是指示代詞),斷開后辨別斷線前面的詞的詞性,也就是所謂“三辨 ”,句 中斷線前的詞是 water,而 water 是名詞。第四步,就可迅速確定如果是名詞就選what 。所以第一例句就選B。用這個(gè)方法我們會對上面第二個(gè)例句作出如下判斷:_cold it is!斷開線其前cold 是形容詞,故應(yīng)填How 。上面兩個(gè)例句是最基本最簡單的填空

30、題形式。但只要掌握這個(gè)方法,即使再復(fù)雜的填空題也會迎刃而解?!坎贿^還要注意,如果斷開后,斷線前的那個(gè)中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,千萬別忘了在感嘆詞與名詞間加冠詞a(an)。例如:8/12_nice present it is !A HowB WhatC HowD What a用上述方法,從present 與 it 之間斷開,斷線前present 是名詞,且為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,nice 又以輔音開頭,故選 D 。斷找去添改 五步法2、“ ”:若把一個(gè)陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句,可以采取這“五步法 ”。如: The picture is very beautiful 斷:在陳述句中的謂語動(dòng)詞后將句子斷開:The pi

31、cture is very beautiful 找:劃出斷線后的中心詞是何詞類。去:中心詞是形容詞或副詞時(shí),要把修飾該形容詞或副詞的詞去掉。(比如本句中心詞beautiful 是形容詞,修飾該詞的是very ,變時(shí)應(yīng)去掉very。但須注意,線后如果是名詞,名詞前的修飾語是萬萬不能去掉的。添:就是添上感嘆詞。如果線后的中心詞是名詞,就添What ;是形容詞或副詞就添How 。改:將陳述句句前的大寫改為小寫,將變?yōu)楦袊@句的感嘆詞及其修飾的名詞部分放在句首,感嘆詞首寫字母改為大寫。同時(shí)句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)由陳述句的句號改為感嘆句的感嘆號。據(jù)此,上句就變成了:How beautiful the picture

32、is !再如:要把“ Heis a good student ”變成感嘆句,可如上法炮制:He is a good student中心詞是名詞student, a good 為修飾student 的修飾語,不能去掉,故變成感嘆句應(yīng)選感嘆詞what ,變成: What a goodstudent he is!3、一斷 二加 三換位· ·:例: 1) This is a beautiful flower·2) This flower is beautiful “一斷 ”:在謂語動(dòng)詞后將此句劃斷。1) This is a beautiful flower 2) This

33、 flower is beautiful “二加 ”:在第二部分前加引起感嘆句的“ What或 How”;中心詞為名詞時(shí)加“ What;”是形容詞、副詞加“ How”。1) What a beautiful flower2) How beauti ful 9/12“三換位 ”:將第一部分與第二部分對換位置。1) What a beautiful flower this is !2) How beautiful this flower is!4、 句型記憶法 :因 how 和 what 的詞性及其在句中的功能不同,由它們引起的感嘆句句型可歸納為7 種。如果記住這7 種句套子,做任何感嘆句題都易如

34、反掌。例:從題前A 、B 、 C、 D 所表示的詞或短語中選擇正確答案,完成下列各句:A=WhatB=What aC=What anD=How _pleasant surprise you gave me!_good news we have got !_good a TV set we ye bought!_unpleasant experience you had last year!答案依次為 BADC 。5、 歌訣記憶法 :感嘆句中what 和 how 的選用,關(guān)鍵看形容詞后面是否有名詞。如果有,用what( a, an);如果沒有,用how(至于副詞,其前永遠(yuǎn)用how)。記住下面歌訣

35、更方便。what ,how 如何選? 先在后面把名詞找,若有名詞用 what , 若無名詞必用 how。what ,how 提句首, 其它緊跟別忘了。主謂一起挪最后 , 常??梢员皇〉?。一、【感嘆句專練】1._ a nice watch it is!A. How B. What C. What aD. How a2._ bright girls they are!A. What B. What a C. HowD. how a3._ interesting the film is!A. What B. What anC. HowD. How an4._ sunny day! Let s go

36、out for a walk.A. How a B. How C. What aD. What5._ hard work it is!A. How B. What C. What aD. What an10/126. _ day it is! It s rainy again.A. How badB. What a badC. How fineD. What a fine7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What8. _ expensive trousers!A. WhatB. What aC. H

37、owD. What an9. _ girl she is!A. What bright aB. How a brightC. How bright aD. What bright10._ weather we have today!A. A fineB. What a fineC. How a fineD. What fine11._ careless he is!A. WhatB. How C. So much D. How much12.Oh, John, _ you gave us!A. How a pleasant surpriseB. How pleasant surprise C.

38、 What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise13._ useful work they have done!A. WhatB. How C. What aD. What an14._ nice picture you gave me!A. HowB. What C. What aD. What an15、 The little boy saved his classmates in the earthquake. _brave he was!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an二、單選題(課本基礎(chǔ)知識)1 W

39、hich do you prefer, tea or coffee?_.I d like some water.A Both.B EitherC Neither.D None.2Do you think people will take pills _meal in the future?A as B ofC inD for3I hope people will not _the earth. It will be a good place to live in/A enjoyB makeC keepD pollute4We_ about the plan next week, so you

40、must prepare for it.A have talkB will talkC would talkD talked5Please _your name and address on this piece of paper.A sealB signC writeD hope6I hope there will be _food for everyone, so people can live a good life.A some B anyC enoughD little7_is happy, because New Year is coming.A NobodyB AnybodyC

41、SomebodyD Everybody8Close the box and seal it _tape.A by B with C inD for9It makes me feel disappointed, so you _do that again.A can twonB tC needn tD could三、適當(dāng)形式填空11/121They are _about the computer in the future.(talk)2They are from _(difference) countries.3The air _is terrible.(pollute)4There will

42、 be many _(city) under the sea in the future.5What will happen in ten _(year) time?6Write down your name,_ _?( 反義疑問句 )7There will be summer and winter in the future.( 改為否定句 )There _ be summer_ winter in the future.8There will be enough food for everyone in the future.( 畫線部分提問 )_ _ _ _there be for everyone in the

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