2019版高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解讀課時(shí)提能練20Unit14Careers(

1、Unit 14 Careers（B）（對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第 287 頁(yè)）I閱讀理解（2017 甘肅省蘭州市高考診斷考試）We can achieve knowledge either actively orpassively.We achieve it actively by direct experienee， by testing and proving anidea， or by reasoning.We achieve kno wledge passively by being told by some one else. Most of the learning that takespla

2、ce in the classroom and the kind that happe ns whe n we watch TV or read n ewspapers or magazines is passive.C on diti oned as we are to passive learning ， its not surpris ing that we depe nd on itin our everyday com muni cati on with friends and co-workers.Unfortunately， passive learning has a seri

3、ous problem.Itmakes us tend to acceptwhat we are told even when it is little more than hearsay（傳聞）and rumor.Did you ever play the gameRumo？ It begins when one person writes down a message but doesnt show it to anyon e.The n the pers on whispers it ， word for word，to ano ther person.That person，in tu

4、rn，whispers it to still another，and so on，through allthe people playi ng the game.The last pers on writes dow n the message word for word as he or shehears it.Then the two written statements are compared.Typically， theorigi nal message has cha nged.Thats what happe ns in daily life.The simple fact t

5、hat people repeat a storyin their own words changes the story. Then，too， most people listenimperfectly.Andmany enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story， trying to improve on it，stamp ing it with their own pers onal style.Yet those who hear it thi nk they know.This process is also found among

6、 scholars and authors : A statement of opinions by one writermay be restated as the fact by ano ther, who may in turn be quoted by yet ano ther ； and this processmay con ti nue ，uni ess it occurs to some one to questi on the facts on which the original writer basedhis opinion or to challenge the in

7、terpretati on he placed upon those facts.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)所產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面作用，即引發(fā)謠言。1. According to the passage , active learning may occur in_ .2A. reading scientific journalsB. listening to the teacher in classC. doing a chemical experimentD. watching news programmes on TVC考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 根據(jù)第一段第二句“We achieve it acti

8、vely by direct experienee , by testing andproving an idea, or by reasoning ”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，做化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)屬于主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，故選Co2.What does the underlined word“it ” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. classroomB. newspaperC. active learningD. passive learningD 考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的整體內(nèi)容，尤其是關(guān)鍵詞 passively 可推知，本段主 要講的是被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)；再結(jié)合第二段最后一句可推知，it 指的是本段的核

9、心話(huà)題 passivelearning ，故選 D。3.The gameRumoris mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers that _A. playing games can make people more activeB. people tend to like telling lies when playing gamesC. a message may be changed when being passed onD. people may have problems with their sense of hearin

10、gC考查推理判斷。 根據(jù)第五段第二句The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own wordschanges the story ”可推知，第四段講述謠言游戲是為了告訴人 們信息在傳遞的過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)生改變，初始信息與最終信息甚至有時(shí)候會(huì)差異很大，于是謠言就產(chǎn)生了。干擾項(xiàng)分析A 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在玩游戲會(huì)讓人們更積極，文章中并沒(méi)有提到；B 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在人們?cè)谕嬗螒驎r(shí)喜歡撒謊，第四段講的不是撒謊，而是信息在傳遞中發(fā)生了改變；D 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在人們聽(tīng)覺(jué)有問(wèn)題，人們?cè)诼?tīng)的過(guò)程中有了自己的理解，并不是聽(tīng)力障礙，故排除。4.What can be inferred fr

11、om the text?A. Scholars and authors cant be trusted.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. People like spreading rumor in daily life.3D. Active learning is more important than passive learning.B 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二句It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it islittle more than hearsay（傳聞

12、）and rumor ” 和最后幾段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)可能不是那么可靠，以至于有了傳聞或謠言的產(chǎn)生，故選B。n.閱讀七選五（2017 豫南六校評(píng)估）You may have grown up living with sisters and brothersor this may be your first time shari ng your liv ing space with some one else. 1_However, it can also be a great part of your college experienee.Follow these tips to ma

13、ke sure you andyour roommate keep things pleasa nt and supportive throughout the year.Be clear from the begi nning.Maybe you hate it whe n some one in terrupts you whe n you are sleep ing everymornin g.Maybe you n eed ten minu tes to yourself before talk ing to anyone after youwake up. 2 Its not fai

14、r to expect him or her to pick up on them right away,and com muni cati ng what you n eed is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they becomeproblems.3This may seem simple , but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experieneeconflicts.Dontyou think hell mind if you borr

15、ow his shoes for a quicksoccer game ? For all you know , you just stepped over the line.Dont borrow, use ,or take anything without getting permission first.Be ope n to cha nge.You should expect to lear n and grow and cha nge duri ng your time at school. 4_As the term progresses , realize things will

16、 change for both of you.Be comfortablesettling things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules , and being flexibleto your cha nging environment.Follow the golde n rule.5 No matter what your relati on ship is at the end of the year, you can takecomfort in knowing you acted like anadult and treat

17、ed your roommate with respect.A. Respect your roommates things.B. Let your roommate know about your preferences.4C. Treat your roommate like youd like to be treated.D. Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing.E. Having a roommate surely has its challenges.F. You should correct your bad hab

18、its first.G.And the same should happen to yourroommate, if all goes well.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了如何和大學(xué)室友保持良好的關(guān)系。1. E 設(shè)空前提到這可能是你第一次和別人分享自己的生活空間，空后的However 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，提到這可能也是你大學(xué)經(jīng)歷中很棒的一部分，因此，E 項(xiàng)（有一個(gè)室友一定會(huì)有挑戰(zhàn)）符合語(yǔ)境。2.B 根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題 Be clear from thebeginning.（從一開(kāi)始就要說(shuō)清楚）及設(shè)空后的com muni cat ing what you n eed is one of the best ways可

19、知，與室友交流你的需求是處理問(wèn)題的最好方式，故B 項(xiàng)（讓室友了解你的偏好）符合語(yǔ)境。3. A 根據(jù)設(shè)空下的 borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game以及 Dont borrow ,use , or take anything without getting permission first.可判斷出，使用室友的東西前要得到允許。故A 項(xiàng)（尊重室友的東西）符合語(yǔ)境。4. G 根據(jù)此段的標(biāo)題 Be open to change.可知，要樂(lè)于接受改變；再根據(jù)設(shè)空后的 thingswill cha nge for both of you可知，同樣的情況也會(huì)發(fā)生在

20、你室友身上。故G 項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。5. C 根據(jù)設(shè)空后的 .you can take comfort inknowing.and treated your roommatewith respect.可知，如果你能像一個(gè)成年人一樣，尊重室友，你會(huì)感到欣慰。故 C 項(xiàng)（像你想被對(duì)待的那樣去對(duì)待你的室友）符合語(yǔ)境。川.語(yǔ)法填空(2017 河北衡水中學(xué)大聯(lián)考 )How do native speakers trulyfeel when speaking withnon-nativeEnglish speakers ?It seems that1(break)E nglishannoysthem.Howev

21、er, they keep being really ni ce whe n speak ing with non-n ativespeakers .Iwon der how they really feel whe n doing so.I think it would depend 2 thenative English speakers.Some people are just3 (easy)a nnoyed.Pers on ally , I study Spani sh.Whe n I hear some one 4 (attempt)E nglish, I am5patient wi

22、th them because I know 5_ difficult it is to talk in a non-nativeton gue .I also know En glish is very difficult 6 (lear n) _ , and that in creases myrespect for their efforts .Im a patie nt pers on by n ature.The situationmatters too.If I were waiting 7 (table)ona super crowded dayand really 8 (nee

23、d)to do about a dozen different things, I might become upsetat havi ng to wait for some one to struggle while orderi ng his meal.There also exists the 9 (possible)that what is con sidered as annoyance isnot true annoyancemight frown(皺眉)while listening to a non-native speaker,10that would be because

24、I am concen trat ing and liste ning hard to un dersta nd him.Itwouldnt mean Im at all annoyed.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 當(dāng)一個(gè)母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的人聽(tīng)到一個(gè)人說(shuō)著蹩腳的英語(yǔ)時(shí)是什么感受？厭煩還是 耐心傾聽(tīng)？本文就此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了討論。1 broken 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：似乎蹩腳的英語(yǔ)讓他們感到厭煩。修飾名詞用形容詞，故填動(dòng)詞 break 的形容詞形式 broken ，意為“蹩腳的；不流利的”。 2 on/upon考查介詞。句意：我認(rèn)為這要取決于英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人。 depend on/upon 是固定搭配，意為“依賴(lài)；取決于”

25、。故填 on/upon 。 3easily 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：有些人就是容易生氣。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞，要用副詞，故填 easily 。 4attempting 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 句意： 當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到有人努力說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)， 我很耐心是因?yàn)槲抑烙梅悄刚Z(yǔ)交流是多么不容易。此處為“ hear 賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)， attempt 與賓語(yǔ) 之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處指聽(tīng)到有人正在努力說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 故填 attempting 。 5how 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。 句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。 此處為感嘆句用作賓語(yǔ)從句， 用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 設(shè)空處修飾形容詞 difficult ，故填 how。 6to learn 考查

26、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我也知道英語(yǔ)很難學(xué)，那增加了我對(duì)他們的努力的尊重。在“ it is adj. to do. ”句型中， it 是形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式 （ 短語(yǔ)） 作真 正的主語(yǔ)，故填 to learn 。 7tables 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：如果我正在人超級(jí)多的一天招待顧客，且真的需要做很多件不同的事情，我可能會(huì)因不得不等待在點(diǎn)餐時(shí)糾結(jié)不已的人而感到心煩意亂。wait tables 是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“招待顧客”。故填 tables 。 8needed 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。根據(jù)并列連詞 and 可知，前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該 一致，故填過(guò)去式 needed。 9 possibility 考

27、查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：也存在這樣的可能性，有些煩惱不是真的煩惱。6定冠詞 the 后接名詞形式， 且根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 exists 可知， 應(yīng)填形容詞 possible 的名詞 形式 possibility。 10but/yet 考查連詞。句意：聽(tīng)非母語(yǔ)的講話(huà)者說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，我可能緊皺著眉頭，但那是因?yàn)槲以诰劬珪?huì)神地努力去聽(tīng)懂他。根據(jù)句意可知，前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填 but/yet 。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220184 】IV.短文改錯(cuò)（2017 湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬 兒 ast summer, I got a part -time job as a waiter worked hard andvery helpfu

28、l.Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer likedme.One day, a foreign couple in their fiftiesentered into the restaurant.lwas happyto have a chanee to practice their spoken English.Iwent up to greet them warm.AfterI took their order , I told them their food will be served quickly bec

29、ause we Chinese respect theelderly.After heard mywords , a look of displeasure appeared on the wifes face.Seeingmyconfusing look , her husband explainedto me the Westerners dislikedthe description“old ”. I apologized to them but realized the importanee of knowingcultural differe nces.【答案】ALast summe

30、r , I got a part-time job as a waiter.I worked hard andwas veryacustomerhelpful.Every one in -restaura nt in cludi ng some regular-liked me. Onethecustomersday, a foreign couple in their fifties enteredinto the restaura nt.l was happy tohave a chanee to practicetheirwarmmy spoken English.1went up to greet them.AfterwarmlyI took their order , Itoldwillthem their food - wouldbe served quickly because we Chineserespect the elderly.Afterheardhearing my words , a lookOTdisp