高中英語必修一unit4教案加練習(xí)

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes語言要點(diǎn)（模塊）單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）詞匯部分詞語辨析1. congratulate / celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm3. rise / raise / lift4. hurt / injure / wound詞形變化1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦頭s

2、uffering  n.  苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者重點(diǎn)單詞1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)）3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救4. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計(jì)重點(diǎn)詞組1. right away 立刻，馬上2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)3. instead of 代替，而不4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計(jì)的重點(diǎn)句子1. Mice ran out of the f

3、ields looking for places to hide.2. All hope was not lost.重點(diǎn)語法定語從句 （見語法部分）I詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. congratulate / celebrate 【解釋】congratulate 對他人祝賀為目的，側(cè)重以言語表示祝賀。celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ our success

4、. 答案: 1). congratulate2). celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm【解釋】destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。 ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無價(jià)值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結(jié)果。 harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等?！?/p>

5、練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). You may get _ in that shop.2). He cant _ her. She sees through him every time.答案:1). cheated2). fool3. rise / raise / lift【解釋】rise 普通用詞，指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動。raise 及物動詞，多指把某物從低處升到高處。lift 語氣比raise強(qiáng)，指用體力或機(jī)械的力舉起或抬起某物?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). She _ her eyes from her work.2). _ me up, m

6、ummy-I cant see.3). The plane was then able to _ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise4. hurt / injure / wound【解釋】hurt 一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害.wound 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The soldier was _ in th

7、e arm in the war.2). She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3). I was very much _ at his words.答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurtII詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦頭suffe

8、ring  n.  苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (nation)2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation)3） _ children were calling for their mothers. (frighten)4） The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)5） It

9、is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer)8) There is so much _ in this world. (suffer)答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened 5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering 重點(diǎn)詞匯

10、 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂典例 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個(gè)紅色的氣球突然爆了。2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一聽到這則消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy則突然大哭起來。4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the e

11、nding of the song. 歌聲結(jié)束后響起了一陣掌聲。重點(diǎn)用法burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭練習(xí) 中譯英1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常凍裂。_2). 太陽突然從云端里露出來。_答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.2). The sun burst through the clouds.2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救典例 1). The police came to

12、his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 營救隊(duì)在這次地震期間進(jìn)行了無數(shù)次救援。3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起來。重點(diǎn)用法rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救

13、援隊(duì)a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員練習(xí) 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計(jì)典例 1). His father

14、used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。3). The blind cant judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。4). Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。重點(diǎn)用法judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為judging from 從來看， 根據(jù)判斷練習(xí) 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空1). _his appearance, he must be a rich man.2).

15、_ , he must be from the south.答案: 1). Judging2). In her judgment4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)）典例 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風(fēng)使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。重點(diǎn)用法be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自

16、我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅練習(xí) 中譯英1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘?jiān)2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。_答案: 1). The building is in ruins. 2). The church has fallen into ruin. 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. right away 立刻，馬上典例1).Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。短語

17、歸納“立刻，馬上”的表達(dá)方式：right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time練習(xí) 中譯英1). 請立刻把它打印出來。答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finished）典例1). The war was finally at an end. 戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束了。短語歸納與end搭配的常用短語 at the end of 在末尾by the end of 在末為止in the end 最后，終于at a loose end 無所事事，處于雜亂狀態(tài)ma

18、ke ends meet 收支相抵練習(xí) 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。1). How many English words have you learned _ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor _.3). My uncle will fly to China _ this year.答案: 1). by the end of2). in the end3). at the end of3. instead of 代替，而不是典例1). The Chinese use chop

19、sticks instead of knives and forks. 中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。短語歸納instead 是副詞，單獨(dú)使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“代替；相反”。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，其后面的動作，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也

20、是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對乙作否定的意思，有時(shí)意為“不”。take the place of 作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。練習(xí) 單項(xiàng)選擇。1). Tractors _ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing _ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the p

21、lace of C. instead D. instead of答案:1). B2). D4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計(jì)的典例 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.短語歸納hundreds of數(shù)百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of數(shù)千的millions of數(shù)百萬的dozens of許多； 大量scores of 許多； 大量練習(xí) 選擇填空1).

22、 Every year _ foreign visitors come to China.A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands ofC. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands2). There were _ people in the hall.A. two scores of B. scores ofC. two and score D. two scores答案: 1). A2). BV重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. Mice ran out of the fields loo

23、king for places to hide.老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。 解釋 這句話中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴隨狀況，這是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的一個(gè)用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。Seeing those pictures, she remem

24、bered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂罚也荒馨堰@本書送給他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因?yàn)榉浅＜?，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。 （3）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。

25、 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 （4）現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly

26、. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。（5）現(xiàn)在分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如： A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語。（6）“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示

27、伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。 練習(xí) 中譯英1). 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?，我不能把這本書送給他。_2). 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。_答案:1). Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped

28、 through the window.2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。解釋All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個(gè)問題。I dont know all of them. 我并不認(rèn)識他們所有的人。表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用

29、時(shí)表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Everyone doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)故事。Nobody likes the story. 沒人喜歡這個(gè)故事。Both of the students dont like the story. 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。練習(xí) 中譯英1). 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。_2). 這兩個(gè)

30、學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。_答案:1). Both of the students dont like the story.2). Neither of the students likes the story.課文要點(diǎn)（模塊）1課文詞匯等填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve).

31、At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (廢墟), and the number of people 5 (受傷的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all

32、 hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.答案：1. smelly2. nervous3. an4. ruins5. injured6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe2課文大意概括 （旨在訓(xùn)練用30個(gè)單詞概括大意的能力）閱讀課文，試著用30個(gè)單詞概括課文大意或翻譯下面的短文，再比較答案 這篇文章

33、描述了地震前的征兆和地震的過程和唐山地震造成的后果。它顯示出地震后的駭人的情景和告訴我們怎樣才能把地震的危害降到最低。 The article describes _答案：The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the d

34、amage by an earthquake. 3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和寫作能力）1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。模仿要點(diǎn) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句【模仿1】李宇春現(xiàn)象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認(rèn)她的聲音是非常弱的。_答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon,

35、however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak【模仿2】據(jù)報(bào)道，心臟病和癌癥成了中年人的頭號殺手，這給我們敲響了警鐘。_答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming. 2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of it

36、s factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的師內(nèi)醫(yī)院，75%的工廠和建筑物，90%的家園都消失了。模仿要點(diǎn) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)字+of which/whom 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句【模仿1】從七月上旬開始, 20天的干旱和高溫 襲擊了重慶的人們, 其中50% 的人們處于嚴(yán)重缺水狀態(tài)。 _答案：More than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of

37、whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.【模仿2】參加奧運(yùn)會吉祥物競選的參與者有662人，其中611人來自中國大陸，12人來自香港，澳門和臺灣，39人來自國外。_答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.單元自測 （模塊）1完形填空 閱讀下

38、面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。字?jǐn)?shù)：192完成時(shí)間：14分鐘難度：* The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動售貨機(jī)) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify ag

39、e by studying facial features. By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company s

40、pokesman said. "With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said. But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial iden

41、tification method has yet to be 7 . Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.1. A. system B. machineC.

42、 program D. monitor2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. sprea

43、d8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer答案：1. A 從第二段及最后一段第一句可以判斷：一家日本公司研制出一套年齡識別體系。2. B attach to 所附的，“附在機(jī)器上的數(shù)碼相機(jī)”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合語境。3. D compare . to . “系統(tǒng)將面部特征與十萬多人的面部數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)動詞盡管可以和介詞to連用，但不符合語

44、境。4. C features 特征，structure 構(gòu)造，recognition 識別，expression表情，選項(xiàng)C符合語境。5. D從文章第一句及最后一句可以判斷。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸煙的合法年齡是20歲，自動售貨機(jī)要確保購買者不是未成年人。6. A 年齡識別系統(tǒng)可以避免未成年人借用身份證購買香煙的問題。clarify澄清。7. B 因涉及到準(zhǔn)確性問題，這套面部識別方法還有待批準(zhǔn)。8. B 該系統(tǒng)能正確識別出約90%的使用者。9. D 從第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判斷，該系統(tǒng)識別的是使用自動售貨機(jī)購買香煙者。故選users。1

45、0. A 從baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的長相顯老的未成年人和娃娃臉的成年人進(jìn)入“灰色地帶”。2語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。字?jǐn)?shù)：202完成時(shí)間：10分鐘難度：* Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father

46、decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4. By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She lov

47、ed to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of paintin

48、g 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others. At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washingt

49、on D.C. and many other cities around the world.答案： 1Seeing，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when her father saw this， 2and，表并列關(guān)系： 3were shown，考查動詞的被動語態(tài)用法： 4had made， 由前文By the age of six可知, 此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 5Although/ though，“雖然，盡管”表讓步關(guān)系： 6Instead，“相反，而是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折： 7In，in this way是固定搭配，“用這種方法”： 8with，介詞“用，有”： 9one，one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表

50、“之一”： 10personal，person的形容詞，“個(gè)人的”：3 信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）請閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請?jiān)诖痤}卡上將對應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)字母涂黑。以下是請求幫助者的資料：A. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to s

51、how kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.B. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.