高考英語(yǔ)寫作輔導(dǎo)-句子結(jié)構(gòu)[課件]

1、句子種類兩種分類法按句子的用途可分四種：按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句陳述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. 2）疑問句疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class 4）感嘆句感嘆句：How clever the boy is!按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1) 簡(jiǎn)單句：簡(jiǎn)單句：2) 復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句：3) 并列句：并列句： 主

2、語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 （ S + Vi ） 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) ( S + Vt + O) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) (S + LV + predicative) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) There + be / stand/ lie / live.簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句型動(dòng)詞用作謂語(yǔ)1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, s

3、ound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, grow;give 、 tell 、bring 、 send 、 hand 、 pass 、 lend 、leave 、 promise 、make 、 buy、 pay 、advise 、allow、 ask 、beg 、encourage、expect 、force 、 order 、permit 、 persuade 、prefer聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞雙賓動(dòng)詞賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞She came/ My hea

4、d aches.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)She likes English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)She is happy主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 雙賓動(dòng)詞雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例D

5、eep water stays still.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.Quite a few changes have taken place.Every afternoon a lot of students co

6、me to the library to borrow books.We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.Mother promises to give me a present.They have carried out the plan successfully.He did not know what to say.Would you please pass me the dictionary?I consider it possible to work out the problem in anothe

7、r way. She is listening to someone telling stories.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.John gave Mary many books，which are full of pictures(主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）簡(jiǎn)單句的擴(kuò)展成份簡(jiǎn)單句的擴(kuò)展成份I bought a rain coat with a flower.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bri

8、ght little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.Seen from the top, the city is amazing.但不管如何變，但不管如何變，都都只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 I shall go there if it doesnt rain.(復(fù)合句) 1.Having finished his hom

9、ework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子整個(gè)句子) (復(fù)合句復(fù)合句含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。從句包括含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。從句包括（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）和和等。等。指出下列各從句的類型指出下列各從句的類型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was read

10、ing a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句句We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a chair in this room, isnt there?He was fond of drawing when he was still a child.My brother and I

11、go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.Neither has he changed his

12、 mind, nor will he do so.簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 并列句并列句 并列句并列句 并列句并列句需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞并列連詞連接連接起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。表示表示因果因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, 等。等。Hurry up, or youll miss the train.John and Jack are good friends.

13、Neither he nor I will go to that school.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.表示連接表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念兩個(gè)同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。等連接。表示表示選擇選擇，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, while, when等。等。He made a promise, but He didnt

14、keep itHe was tired, so he went to bed.(Yes)(no) (no)u1.There have been many people smoke.u2.He wins the first prize is known to all.u3.Trying your best or you will lose the game.u4.She won the first prize in the speech contest and which surprised us.u5.There are many books here, many of which writt

15、en in English.u6.Many organizations form aiming to protect wildlife.u7.Who do you think the doctor will have examine first, John or Kate?u8.Having been asked several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer .u9.Giving help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and bet

16、ter. u 10.If reading the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.1.Cutting the apples in half, so we both can eat it.2.Making up beautiful is the important thing for the most of girls.3.He points to the house which behind the big tree.4.I couldnt get through to you, so I was not g

17、o to the party.5.There are so many food in the table that made she forget her promise.6.Pointing out your suggestions to the teacher, Please.7.Since his parents dead, he became silent. 8.I find it is very difficulty to solve the question 并列句的分類1、表示連接、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念兩個(gè)同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neit

18、hernor, then等連接。等連接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示、表示選擇選擇，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示、表示轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, while, when等。等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange

19、way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示、表示因果因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, 等。等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Exercise:請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to

20、 bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.附屬成分附屬成分基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵夯境煞值男揎椪Z(yǔ)。可以是： 定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句 狀語(yǔ)：

21、即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。短語(yǔ)或從句。定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.nou

22、nadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(直直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivenounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhene

23、ver he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Examples:Oh！What is that?。@嘆詞）?。@嘆詞）He has，alas，fai

24、led againCome here，John（呼語(yǔ)）（呼語(yǔ)）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語(yǔ)法的關(guān)系。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語(yǔ)法的關(guān)系。獨(dú)立成分獨(dú)立成分（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. (

25、 I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說(shuō)出來(lái)，卻在句中表示句中被省略的成分，雖然未說(shuō)出來(lái)，卻在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分連接成分實(shí)際上是一個(gè)連詞，用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)平行的連接成分實(shí)際上是一個(gè)連詞，用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)平行的詞、短語(yǔ)和分句。這種連詞叫做詞、短語(yǔ)和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子、且一個(gè)句子從屬于另一類連接成分是用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子、且一個(gè)句子從屬于另一個(gè)句

26、子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫另一個(gè)句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞從屬連詞。從。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個(gè)完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含一個(gè)完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個(gè)到個(gè)到4個(gè)基本成個(gè)基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個(gè)或更多其他分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個(gè)或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。連接成分連接成分簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。作用中的一種。 作一種陳述作一種陳述

27、提出一個(gè)問題提出一個(gè)問題 發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)求發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)求 表示一種感嘆表示一種感嘆Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!簡(jiǎn)單句的基本詞序簡(jiǎn)單句的基本詞序主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分動(dòng)詞部分賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)） 方式方式

28、 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間時(shí)間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以連詞兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut al

29、so等連詞連接組等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but

30、 not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、

31、賓語(yǔ)的合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語(yǔ)可由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語(yǔ)可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane n

32、or her husband.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并并列句并列句常用并列連詞常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and the

33、nbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor并列句并列句并列句的詞序：并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡(jiǎn)單句并列句基本上保留了簡(jiǎn)單句的詞序。的詞序。主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 連詞連詞 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡(jiǎn)單句型可用五種簡(jiǎn)單句型可用并列連詞并列連詞連接起來(lái)組成并列句。連接起來(lái)組成并列句。 主主 謂謂 狀（方式）狀（方式） 連連 主主 謂謂 表表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an ar

34、chitect.主主 謂謂 賓賓 連連 主主 謂謂 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 連連 主主 謂謂 賓賓They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用廣泛。構(gòu)成的句子。在英語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個(gè)完整的句子主句是一個(gè)完整的句子,它可以獨(dú)立存在。它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)它必須和一個(gè)主句連用

35、，不能獨(dú)立存在。主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起構(gòu)成在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由從屬連詞從屬連詞引引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = 主句主句 + 從句從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是在簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)復(fù)合句是在簡(jiǎn)單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用

36、。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句：句： 1. 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句3. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 4. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句5. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 6. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句1. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句2. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 3. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)how much he was pre

37、pared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句I dont know him.

38、He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.復(fù)合句與

39、簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句That is the fact.表表 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked