經典：高中英語必修五-Unit-4-grammar

1、2021/8/61Unit 4 Making the newsInversion倒裝句倒裝句2021/8/62Inversion 一般來說，句子按照一般來說，句子按照“主語主語+ +謂語謂語”的順序排列，的順序排列，叫做自然語序。有時為了強調突出某一部分或保持句子叫做自然語序。有時為了強調突出某一部分或保持句子的平衡結構，從而使句子語序變?yōu)榈寡b語序。倒裝語序的平衡結構，從而使句子語序變?yōu)榈寡b語序。倒裝語序又分為又分為完全倒裝完全倒裝（整個謂語在前），或（整個謂語在前），或部分倒裝部分倒裝（情態(tài)（情態(tài)動詞如動詞如can, maycan, may等，助動詞等，助動詞do/does/did/have

2、/has/haddo/does/did/have/has/had等，連系動詞等，連系動詞bebe等在前，其次是主語等在前，其次是主語+ +謂語的其他部分謂語的其他部分) )。Out rushed all the students.Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.完全倒裝完全倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝2021/8/63一完全倒裝一完全倒裝 以以now, then, here, there, thus, so等副詞開頭的句子等副詞開頭的句子2. 以以out, in, up, down, away, off, on, high,

3、 low, back, over等等表表示方向或位移的副詞（短語）開頭的句子示方向或位移的副詞（短語）開頭的句子Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.Down came the rain. Now comes your turn.Away went our teacher.Out rushed the boys the instant the bell rang.Summer begins in June. Then follow July and August.High flies the bird. Off went the ship.Charac

4、teristics: 1.主語：主語：2.動詞動詞:3.時態(tài)：時態(tài)： 名詞名詞 注意：如果主語是代詞注意：如果主語是代詞,主謂不倒裝。主謂不倒裝。be, come, go, follow, rush，run 等表位移的詞等表位移的詞只用于一般現在時和一般過去時態(tài)只用于一般現在時和一般過去時態(tài)In he came. Away they went. Look ! Here she comes.2021/8/641. _and caught the mouse. A.Up the cat jumped B.The cat up jumped C.Up jumped the cat D.Jumped

5、up the cat2. -Where is your father? -Oh,_. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he3. _the plane. A. Down flying B. Down was flying C. Down flew D. Flew down4.At the sight of the policeman, _ from behind the door.A.did the boy rush out B.the boy was rushing outC.out ru

6、shed the boy D.rushing out the boy2021/8/653.3.地點狀語放在句首地點狀語放在句首, ,主語為名詞時，用全部倒裝主語為名詞時，用全部倒裝. . (To the) North of the city lies the school. On the top of the hill stands a temple. In front of the house sat a small boy. Beyond the mountain live an old couple . Along the passage came a group of represen

7、tatives.主語為代詞時不倒裝主語為代詞時不倒裝2021/8/661.Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man2.On the wall _ two large portraits. A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs3.At the foot of the mountain_. A.lie a beautiful lake B.does a beautiful lake

8、 lieC.lies a beautiful lake D.do a beautiful lake lie2021/8/67a. a.形容詞作表語系動詞主語形容詞作表語系動詞主語1._(出席會議的出席會議的) was Tom.b. 過去分詞系動詞主語過去分詞系動詞主語2.Gone for ever _(be) the days when we had not enough food to eat.c. c. 現在分詞系動詞主語現在分詞系動詞主語3.Growing on the path _ some flowers.arePresent at the meeting are4. 有時候為了有時

9、候為了強調表語強調表語，把表語置于句首，使用全部把表語置于句首，使用全部倒裝，倒裝結構為：倒裝，倒裝結構為：“表語系動詞主語表語系動詞主語”1.Tom was present at the meeting.2.The days when we had not enough food to eat are gone.3.Some flowers are growing on the path.2021/8/68_ a great scientist with a simple life.（這就是愛因斯坦）（這就是愛因斯坦）“What does the total bill come to?” _

10、（Mr White問道）問道）注意：如果主句的主語是代詞，則不用倒裝。注意：如果主句的主語是代詞，則不用倒裝。6. 直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，且主句的主語直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，且主句的主語 為為名詞名詞，主句可以用全部倒裝，主句可以用全部倒裝， 也可以不倒裝也可以不倒裝“Im very sorry,” he said.“Im very sorry,” said he.7. There be 句型句型 There is a desk.8. 祈愿，表語，口號祈愿，表語，口號 Long live Chairman Mao!5. such 放在句首放在句首(就是這樣的就是這樣的)時

11、，經常用全部倒裝時，經常用全部倒裝Such was Albert Einsteinasked Mr White/ Mr White asked.X2021/8/69部分倒裝部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分謂語的一部分如如bebe動詞，動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前2021/8/6101.Only + 狀語狀語( 副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)位于句首位于句首時時,主句部分倒裝主句部分倒裝。Only then did we realize that the man was blind.Only in this way_(我們才

12、能解決這個問題我們才能解決這個問題). can we work out/ solve the problem.Only when you realize the importance of English _ work hard at it.只有你意識到英語的重要性了只有你意識到英語的重要性了, ,你才會努力去學習它。你才會努力去學習它。只有他才知道事情的真相。只有他才知道事情的真相。Only he knows the truth.Attention: only修飾主語時不倒裝修飾主語時不倒裝will you2021/8/6111.Only when the war was over _ to

13、 his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return2. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize3. _ c

14、an you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard2021/8/6122.so 用在句首用在句首，表示一種肯定的事實也適合于一個人，表示一種肯定的事實也適合于一個人，neither 或或nor放在句首放在句首，表示一種，表示一種否定的事實也適合于另一個人時，否定的事實也適合于另一個人時，用部分倒裝用部分倒裝 I like reading. My students like reading, too.I l

15、ike reading . So do my students.I should make good use of time. _you.She is a teacher. _I.I havent been to Beijing. _ he.He seldom goes to the cinema. _ I. So shouldSo amNeither/ Nor has They wont leave today. We wont leave, either._.They wont leave today. Neither/ Nor will we.部分倒裝部分倒裝注意注意 so/ neith

16、er ( nor)以及助動詞的確定以及助動詞的確定Neither/ Nor do2021/8/613 1.Tom is a senior student and studies hard. His sister is also a senior student and studies hard. _ _. 2.John used to be a teacher but now he is a successful businessman. (His friend Tim 也一樣。也一樣。)* 若主語帶有兩個不同形式的謂語（既有若主語帶有兩個不同形式的謂語（既有be, 又有又有do，既有肯定又有

17、否定，既有過去時又有現在時），應用既有肯定又有否定，既有過去時又有現在時），應用so it is with sb 或或 it is the same with sb.Tom is a senior student and studies hard.So it is with his sister./It is the same with his sister. So it is with his friend Tim./ It is the same with his friend Tim.2021/8/614He is honest. _(他的確是他的確是) 注意：若主語注意：若主語指同一人

18、同一事物時指同一人同一事物時，即單純重復上即單純重復上文的意思或對上文加以證實文的意思或對上文加以證實( “的確的確”)時，用時，用so 加加正常語序正常語序 So he is.2021/8/6151.I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. - _. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 2. You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good heavens, _. A. so d

19、id I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did3. David has made great progress recently. - _, and _. A. So he has, so you have B. So he has, so have you C. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have2021/8/6163. 句首為否定，半否定詞或詞語時，如句首為否定，半否定詞或詞語時，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time(任何時候都

20、任何時候都不應該，從來沒有不應該，從來沒有), by no means, in no case, in no way等時，等時，主句部分倒裝主句部分倒裝 By no means/ In no case _(允許抽煙允許抽煙) in the classroom. is smoking allowedNot once did we make the same mistake.Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.Never before had she carried out a brain operation.Litt

21、le did he know he was in great danger.At no time did I tell you that you could use my car.2021/8/617*否定詞提前的特殊句型：否定詞提前的特殊句型：直到已經看不到她了，她父親才離開。直到已經看不到她了，她父親才離開。Not until1. not until引導從句，從句不倒裝，引導從句，從句不倒裝，主句要倒裝。主句要倒裝。.Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the problem of pollution was. A.

22、 the villagers did realize B. the villagers realized C. did the villagers realize D. didnt the villagers realizeher father lost sight of her did he leave.2021/8/6182.Not only but （also）連接兩個并列分句時，）連接兩個并列分句時， 前倒后不倒前倒后不倒.1. After the earthquake not only _ no electricity, but also _ no water in the vill

23、age.He not only smoked, but also drank._did he smoke, but also he drank.Not only地震發(fā)生后，村里既沒有電也沒有水。地震發(fā)生后，村里既沒有電也沒有水。2. After the earthquake neither _ any electricity nor _ any water in the village.3. neithernor連接兩個并列分句時，連接兩個并列分句時，前后都要倒前后都要倒裝裝.was therethere waswas therewas there2021/8/619_ snacks and

24、drink, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring2. Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is,

25、 all his students are B. the teacher himself is, are all his students C. is the teacher himself, are all his students D. is the teacher himself, all his students are 前倒前倒后不倒后不倒2021/8/620 No sooner _.Hardly + had sb done when sb didNo sooner+ had sb. done than sb. did前倒前倒后不倒后不倒4. 講述某過去事情的講述某過去事情的 “一一

26、就就”的特殊句型的特殊句型As soon as we entered the room, the bell rang.Hardly _when_._.had we entered the room the bell rangNo sooner had we entered the room than the bell rang.他一到達就開始工作了。他一到達就開始工作了。 Hardly _.had he arrived than he began to work.had he arrived when he began to work.2021/8/6214. 以以sothat,suchtha

27、t表示表示“如此如此以至于以至于”引導的結果狀語從句，引導的結果狀語從句，so, such 提前，常引導倒裝。提前，常引導倒裝。如果謂語是單個系動詞如果謂語是單個系動詞be, 全部倒裝，否則為部分倒裝。全部倒裝，否則為部分倒裝。 _ that I couldnt catch up with him.1). He was such a good runner that I couldnt catch up with him._ that he couldnt sleep at night. 2) He worried so much about his disease that he could

28、nt sleep at night. Such a good runner was he So much did he worry about his disease2021/8/6221.雖然他很年輕，但他知道得很多。雖然他很年輕，但他知道得很多。2.盡管他是總統(tǒng)，但他并不快樂。盡管他是總統(tǒng)，但他并不快樂。3.盡管我很喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。盡管我很喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。4.他雖然成功，但不驕傲。他雖然成功，但不驕傲。1.Though/Although he is young, he knows a lot.2.Though/Although he is a president,

29、he is not happy. 3.Though/Although I like Paris much, I cant live there.4.Though/Altough he is successful, he is not proud.若表語是單數名詞則省略不定冠詞若表語是單數名詞則省略不定冠詞a/ an.5. as/though 引導的讓步狀語從句須將引導的讓步狀語從句須將表語或狀語表語或狀語提前提前.1._, he knows a lot.2._, he is not happy.3._, I cant live there.4._, he is not proud.Young

30、as/though he is President as/though he is Much as/though I like Paris Successful as/though he is 2021/8/623盡管這花很漂亮，但是盡管這花很漂亮，但是1.Although the flower is beautiful.2.Beautiful although the flower is3.Though the flower is beautiful4.Beautiful though the flower is5.As the flower is beautiful6.Beautiful

31、as the flower is7.Beautiful as is the flower.8.Beautiful though is the flower.引導讓步狀語從句時引導讓步狀語從句時although不能倒裝不能倒裝as必須倒裝必須倒裝though可倒可不倒可倒可不倒2021/8/6246. 作為狀語的頻度副詞作為狀語的頻度副詞(often, always, now and then, every other day等）放在句首時，等）放在句首時，可以可以使用倒裝使用倒裝但但sometimes放句首肯定不倒裝放句首肯定不倒裝 Always _ questions like that. Often _ the same mistake.他他總是總是那樣子問問題。那樣子問問題。他他經常經常犯同樣的錯誤。犯同樣的錯誤。 does he ask does he make 2021/8/6257. 虛擬語氣中，把從句虛擬語氣中，把從句if 省略，將省略，將were, had 或或should置于主語之前，構成部分倒裝置于主語之前，構成部分倒裝If I we