2019屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)書面表達(dá)專項練習(xí)(13)概要寫作一

1、概要寫作一1、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。We all have daily problems with technology, but how many of us can fix them?Mya Le Thai, a scientist from the University of California, Irvine recently discovered a process that might result in batteries that could last forever.Thai said she was frustrated that the

2、 batteries for her wireless devicesdegraded. Over time, they failed to charge fully. Thai did not like to keep herwireless laptop connected to an electrical outlet. She decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as t

3、hey experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion （ 鋰離子 ）batteries to last forever. Lithium-ion batteries power mostwireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Oneof the reasons why lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires （納米線

4、 ） to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. They are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries. But their thinnessalso makes them weak. Nanowires break over time," she said. “ That s why they lose capacity. But, Thai had a theory: The nanowires

5、 might last longer if covered with agel. She and the team tested her theory. “ It was a long process and a lot of work,"Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. The nanowires were coatedwith a gel, PMMA, and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The gel showed noevidence of dama

6、ge. The results suggested that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.Thai said 200,000 cycles amount to about three months on just one device.Thai hopes to continue her research to see if any other gel could work better.Thai tells VOA she is enjoying the publicity about her di

7、scovery. She saidshe never expected her research to getmedia coverage. “ It s kind of cool, ” she said. “ I m really glad people are showing interest in my work not just in thework itself, but also in technology and energy.2、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。You might think that whether you choose a blue

8、shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects and even our health.The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be ma

9、king themost of it in our lives. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize.It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood andstate of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Somepeople even believe that the blind can benefit from th

10、e“ vi brations（ 震動 ） ” that color givesoff.Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their products.For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for co

11、mpanies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination.Companies have found certain colors “ speak” to specific age grou ps. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as i

12、t is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, t

13、hen wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants t

14、his effect.So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are awonderful tool. Are you making the right impression on yourself and on others?3、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。A new, first-of-its-kind study examines the connection between teacher burnout and students stress levels.

15、Researchers from the University of BritishColumbia collected saliva（ 唾液 ） samples from over 400 elementary school children,grades four to seven,at 17 public schools. Cortisol（皮質(zhì)醇 ） levels werethen assessed from the samples as the hormone is commonly used as a biological indicator of stress. Correspo

16、ndingly, teacher burnout was determined through survey results.Investigators found that in classrooms where teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students cortisol levels wereelevated （ 提升 ）. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to l

17、earning difficulties as well as mental health problems. The study appears in the journal Social Science & Medicine. "This suggests that stress contagion might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers," said Eva Oberle, PhD, the study s lead author.Indeed, the

18、relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. "It is unknown what came first, elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom. ” Oberle said a stressful classroom cli

19、mate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers,which may impact teachers ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students' needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alte

20、rnatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety,behavioral problems,or special needs. In this case,teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout."Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing tea

21、chers and educatorsItas classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut, said Oberle. is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the moststressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs i n order to battle burnout an

22、d relieve stress in the classroom,” saidthe University of British Columbia education professor Kimberly Schonert Reichl, PhD, the study s co - author. “ If we do not support teachers, we risk the damage of students. ”4、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。While contact between adolescents (between the ages o

23、f fifteen and nineteen) and their peers( 同齡人 ) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segr

24、egation( 隔離 ) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduc

25、tion in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that m

26、ay have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of grow

27、th in size as well as in terms of its impact on society's other cultures ( adults, younger children).Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adol escents daily activities and found that they spend more time

28、talking to their friends than engaging in anyother activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults （ excluding parents） account for only 25 percent

29、 of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous（自治的 ） function. Whilechildhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents,adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and u

30、sually succeed in doing so.5、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours you don t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource

31、, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower is by rest, food or entertainment.But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found

32、th at people s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise.“ If you think ofwillpower as something that's limited, you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task," said Prof. Veronika Job. “ But if you think o

33、f willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.”The researchers designed four experiments to test students' beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentra

34、tion tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation （誘惑

35、）.According to Mr. Job, the theory that willpower is a limited resource isinteresting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, andthey need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower a

36、s a non-limitedresourcemakes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.6、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其

37、內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Uploading countless selfies( 自拍照 ), writing personal status updates,and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modemdaily life, right? These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communic

38、ate with one another.According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use and what s known as “ grandiose narcissis m( 浮夸的自戀) ”.So, when does social media use become a pr

39、oblem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the following questions : How long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update status? How many friends or followers do they have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it l

40、ikely sends signals about your personality.All of these online actions have one thing in common : They are all ways inwhich we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, it9s how you usethe platformthat counts.Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didn't measure.

41、 However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms becoming necessary in your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling of excitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are constantly engaged with social media on a daily basi

42、s, it could bea sign that you have a negative relationship with it.Therefore, it s how you use the platform that matters. Social media itselfmeans no harm. Instead, more benefitscan be got if you use it carefully and wisely.7、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。American English began in the 17th century. At

43、 the beginning of the 17thcentury, the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England.They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English,the languageused by Shakespeare.In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and

44、 from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolina,Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a commonlanguage used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America.As time went by, the Engl

45、ish language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade.Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.Following American Independence, famous people like Tho

46、mas Jefferson, thePresident, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own.Noah Webster compiled （ 編撰 ） three elementary books on English. Later, he expressedthe idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own inlanguage as well as in government. Af

47、ter the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the lifeand the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise ofthe United States to

48、a position of world importance, American English has beendeveloping and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich theEnglish language greatly. With the rapid development of modem mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and politicalexchanges, American English will b

49、e more widely used in the world than British English.8、閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Life doesn t always turn out the way we d like. When situations take an unfriendly turn, we become upset, frustrated, and angry. When others don't agree with us, live their lives the way we think they should not,

50、or act in a manner we find disturbing, anger is a typical reaction. It seems that we feel anger gives us the momentary feelingof power in a situation where we feel we have lost authority.However,in fact,withthe exception of a few cases,an angry reaction rarely improvesthe situation. It only makes th

51、e situation worse. Thoughtful consideration of what feelings and replies are most advantageous actually restores real power. So consider the following alternatives to anger.One is compassion, which consists of both understanding and empathy. If we view an individual whose behavior we find unacceptab

52、le, we should think each person has a right to live life according to their beliefs, dreams, needs and so on. Even if someone is acting improperly, you should understand them rather than get bent out of shape. If they are struggling, lost, or in pain, you should choose to feel empathy for their suff

53、ering,hoping that they will soon pass through their currentchallenge to a more joyful place. If you do so, your anger will disappear.Humor is another powerful tool for stopping anger because it can help you stay calm when things get bad. Sometimes we take life far too seriously. That is bad for us a

54、nd anger is easy to happen. We need to use humor to turn any serious situation into a light one. Humor acts as a protective barrier to emotional pain.Therefore, when others behave badly, find it in your heart to forgive them for their unwise behavior rather than complain. When life hands you the exa

55、ct opposite of what you requested, take no notice of it instead of gettingangry. Afterall, the bad situation is only temporary. So choose these alternativereactions tosoften our heart and prevent anger from happening so that we can enjoy our life to the fullest.答案1 答案：Do you look forward to one day

56、when batteries are durable? Mya LeThai and her team have realized our dream and would like to share their invention with the public.（ 要點 1） Watching carefully, they discovered what might fail batteries and advanced the relative energy-saving technology.（ 要點 2） Knowledge is a treasure, but practice i

57、s the key to it.（要點 3）Naturally, it took them a longtime to make the invention over and over again.（要點 4）（71 words）2 答案：Colors, whose power can be greater than expected, are believed to affect our mood, career and health.（ 要點 1） They re increasingly used to influence our state of mind and treat illn

58、ess.（ 要點 2） So companies employ colors to promote sales, considering the image they convey and age groups they attract.（要點 3） As colorsof clothes can affect people's feelings, deciding what to wear matters in making the right impression.（ 要點 4）（64 words）3 答案：A new research shows that student str

59、ain often coexists with teacherexhaustion.（ 要點 1） Students,who find their requirements unsatisfied as a result of teachers9 low-level management over class, may feel overwhelmingly stressed.（ 要 點 2） Conversely, teachers, who encounter great teaching challenge from students, tend to be burned out.（ 要點 3 ） Therefore, more sufficient re