張同德大學英語語法培訓：五、不完全及物動詞(第二版)

1、2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學五、不完全及物動詞五、不完全及物動詞通用句型為：通用句型為： 主語主語+不完全及物動詞不完全及物動詞+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語 這個句型中有時用這個句型中有時用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓作形式賓語，把真正的賓語放在后面，構(gòu)成復合賓語，賓語也可以是不語放在后面，構(gòu)成復合賓語，賓語也可以是不定式或從句。定式或從句。 “賓語補足語賓語補足語”的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié)o 賓語補足語賓語補足語是對賓語成分的信息補充，是對賓語成分的信息補充，進一步說明進一步說明賓語所表示的人或物所實施賓語所表示的人或物所實施的動作行為，或者說明賓語的狀態(tài)特征的動作行為

2、，或者說明賓語的狀態(tài)特征等。也可以把等。也可以把賓語和賓語補足語理解為賓語和賓語補足語理解為及物動詞的及物動詞的復合賓語。復合賓語。o 賓語補足語多由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定賓語補足語多由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式，動名詞和分詞充當。式，動名詞和分詞充當。o 請觀摩下列例句：請觀摩下列例句：2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 1. They made Jackie Chen spokesman of their product. (名詞短語作賓補名詞短語作賓補)o 2. I find it difficult to raise the money.（不定式）（不定式）o 3

3、. Ill ask her out tomorrow evening.（副詞作賓補副詞作賓補）o 4. Through the window, I could see the rain coming down in sheets.（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補）（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補）o 5. Really good advertising persuades people to behave in certain ways.o 6. She is going to have the novel translated.o 7. His speech left the president in an awkward

4、 situation.（介詞短語作賓補）（介詞短語作賓補）o 8. He pushed the door open.(形容詞作賓補形容詞作賓補)2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學補充：以補充：以as連接形容詞、名詞作賓補連接形容詞、名詞作賓補o 這類動詞有這類動詞有regard, think of, see, describe, treat, elect, appoint, nominate(提名提名)。例：。例：o We regarded him as a friend.o We regarded him as frien

5、dly.o They appointed him as chairman.o We saw this accident as a tragedy.o He treated me as a stranger.o I selected English as a minor.在閱讀中學習該句型在閱讀中學習該句型o Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scient

6、ific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.o Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends of environment changes may be spotted before they show up

7、 to the north. 2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學通?？梢詭зe語補足語的動詞通?？梢詭зe語補足語的動詞o 一、感官動詞一、感官動詞o 這類動詞所接的賓語補足語有兩種形式，即現(xiàn)這類動詞所接的賓語補足語有兩種形式，即現(xiàn)在分詞或動詞原形。在分詞或動詞原形。o I saw him _ (cross) the road.o 但當這些詞用于但當這些詞用于被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)時，不定式要帶時，不定式要帶too He was seen _ (cross) the road.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學cross/crossingto cross/ cross

8、ing2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 二、使役動詞二、使役動詞o 常用的有常用的有l(wèi)et, have, get, makeo I have had my bike _ (repair), and Im going to have my brother _ (repair) my radio tomorrow.o We made him our monitor. 比較下面兩個句子比較下面兩個句子o They have made me president of the university.o They have made me a nice chair.repairedr

9、epair直接賓語直接賓語2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 三、含命名或選舉意義的動詞三、含命名或選舉意義的動詞（call, name, elect, appoint, choose, consider），），所接的賓補一般是所接的賓補一般是名詞，并且充當賓語補足語的名詞如果表示正式名詞，并且充當賓語補足語的名詞如果表示正式的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠詞。詞。o They elected John chairman of the committee.o He called his website Lovely Lil

10、y.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語時，與賓語有著邏輯上的現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語時，與賓語有著邏輯上的主主謂關(guān)系謂關(guān)系，賓語補足語一般為賓語所做的動作；過去，賓語補足語一般為賓語所做的動作；過去分詞做賓語補足語時，與賓語有著分詞做賓語補足語時，與賓語有著動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系，賓語，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，比較：是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，比較：o He saw an old man getting on the bus.o I once heard this song sung in Japanese.o I dont want the c

11、hildren taken out in such weather.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，賓語補足語就成賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，賓語補足語就成了主語補足語，如：了主語補足語，如：o We were kept waiting for quite a long time.o She was never heard singing that song again.o One of the glasses was found broken. o We left the meeting convinced that the proje

12、ct was feasible.o He entered the office still annoyed by the way she had spoken to him.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學The Usage of “FIND”o “Find+賓語賓語+賓補賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓補可以是是名詞、形賓補可以是是名詞、形容詞、分詞，且賓語常放在主語的位置使整個結(jié)構(gòu)容詞、分詞，且賓語常放在主語的位置使整個結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。如變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。如:o A whale was found washed up on the shore.o 當賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)太長時往往用形式賓

13、語當賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)太長時往往用形式賓語it來替代。來替代。o You may find it hard to accept her death.o I find it amazing that theyre still together despite their wide divergence in politics.o 句型句型 “only to find”置于主句后面表置于主句后面表“意外結(jié)果意外結(jié)果”2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學Find in sb. “在中得到”o I found a friend in a supposed enemy.o 我原先假定的敵人成了我

14、的朋友。我原先假定的敵人成了我的朋友。o Columbus found a warm supporter in Queen Isabella.o 哥倫布得到了伊薩貝拉的熱心贊助。哥倫布得到了伊薩貝拉的熱心贊助。o Haden finds brothers in thieves and murderers.o 黑登把小偷和殺人犯視為兄弟。黑登把小偷和殺人犯視為兄弟。o We find victory in defeat.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學Find oneself+Find oneself+賓補賓補( (分詞分詞/ /介詞短語介詞短語) )o 這個句型表達的意思是

15、主語在不知不覺中認識到自這個句型表達的意思是主語在不知不覺中認識到自己發(fā)現(xiàn)處在一種怎樣的狀態(tài)。己發(fā)現(xiàn)處在一種怎樣的狀態(tài)。Find在這個句型中不在這個句型中不是是“發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思而是的意思而是“覺得，意識到覺得，意識到”的意思。的意思。o When she came to, she found herself in a hospital.o The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves reading it with fresh eyes.o When he turned the c

16、orner, he found himself tailed by a man in black.o Once or twice I found myself doubting my own judgment.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學More exampleso She returned to England to find herself famous.o 回到英國，她意識到自己成名了。回到英國，她意識到自己成名了。o She found herself a mother at fifteen.o 她十五歲就當媽媽了。她十五歲就當媽媽了。o How could a

17、nyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?（感受到）（感受到）o I was too tired and frightened to find comfort in that familiar promise.（感受到）（感受到）2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學識記：與識記：與findfind搭配的短語搭配的短語o Find ones way to/into（自然而然地）進入，浸（自然而然地）進入，浸入，滲入入，滲入o Rivers find their way into sea.

18、河流入海。河流入海。o Most of the money raised will find its way to the people in need.o A winding road finds its way to a shabby house.o Negative attitude towards life may find its way into your physical health.o 對生活的悲觀態(tài)度會影響到一個人的身體健康。對生活的悲觀態(tài)度會影響到一個人的身體健康。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o Find fault with sb. /sth.評

19、頭論足評頭論足o Learners generally perceive the learning on the system effective, and they find fault with the learning system in that it lacks precise and sufficient feedback and is in need of providing more opportunity for interaction. o 學習者普遍認為使用學習系統(tǒng)的學習是有效學習者普遍認為使用學習系統(tǒng)的學習是有效的的,但是認為學習系統(tǒng)也存在諸如反饋不充但是認為學習系統(tǒng)也

20、存在諸如反饋不充分、不準確以及缺乏交流機會等問題分、不準確以及缺乏交流機會等問題 。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o Find用在法律語境下表示用在法律語境下表示“裁決，判決裁決，判決”之意。之意。o The jury found him guilty of manslaughter.o 陪審團裁定他殺人罪名成立。陪審團裁定他殺人罪名成立。o The court found in her favor.o 法庭判決對她有利。法庭判決對她有利。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學Exerciseso 他感到很

21、難滿足他們的需求。他感到很難滿足他們的需求。o He found it difficult to satisfy their needs.o 她被當選為模范工人。她被當選為模范工人。o She was elected/chosen a model worker.o 他把書擺放整齊。他把書擺放整齊。o He put his books in order.o 他極力勸告他的妻子不要去參加那個聚會。他極力勸告他的妻子不要去參加那個聚會。o He tried to talk her wife out of attending that party.o 本句有個句型需要掌握：動詞本句有個句型需要掌握：動

22、詞+賓語賓語+into doing sth.句型：動詞句型：動詞+賓語賓語+into doing sth.o 一、表示一、表示“說服說服”、“勸說勸說”、“激勵激勵”、“激起激起”、“激怒激怒”意義的動詞，如意義的動詞，如talk/argue/persuade/reason/ sting/urge/prod/provokeo They argued him into tolerating his complaint.o Let me try to reason him into joining us.o How can we persuade him into taking risks?o Her persistent questions finally goaded him into replying angrily.o He urged me into taking actions against conflicts.o Their taunts stung him into quarrelling.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學o 二、表示二、表示“恐嚇恐嚇”、“威脅威脅”、“強迫強迫”等含義等含