八年級英語上冊 三單元語法及所需掌握短語教案北師大版

1、北師大版英語八年級上冊一單元語法及所需掌握短語Unit 3 Countries and Cities語 法一、 形容詞的原來形式在相比較概念中稱做原級，與之比較，“更的”稱作比較級，“最的”稱作最高級。形容詞變成比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則1. 一般單音節(jié)形容詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞變成比較級，最高級，分別在詞尾加er, est.情況變法例詞一般情況加er, esttalltallertallest以e結尾時加r, stlargelargerlargest以“輔音+y”結尾時變y為i，加er, esthappyhappierhappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加e

2、r,estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest對少數(shù)的雙音節(jié)形容詞，變比較級和最高級時也是如此。e.g. narrow narrower narrowest  simplesimpler simplest   clevercleverer cleverest2. 一般雙音節(jié)及多音節(jié)的形容詞變比較級和最高級時，都要在前面加more, most.e.g. usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult3. 特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠) good/

3、well many/much bad/ill little old far原級比較級最高級many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbadworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest  4. 其他用法。（1）形容詞的同級比較。表示兩者一樣時，用asas，不及時，用 not soas, not asase.g. He is as tall as his elder sister.    I read

4、 lesson 2 as many times as lesson 1.    In winter it is not so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.（2）形容詞比較級的單獨用法。    Are you feeling better now?    Be more careful.    Eat less meat and more vegetable.    He has less money.（3）more

5、 and more 越來越    After March, the weather is getting warmer and warmer.    Now our country is getting stronger and stronger.The garden is becoming more and more beautiful.（4）the more the more 越是就越The more angry she became, the more they laughed at her.The harder you wor

6、k, the better you will do.二、 不定代詞的用法不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞，且這些代詞都作單數(shù)看待，在句中做主語，賓語或表語。做主語時，句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。做主語使用：Someone wants to see you.做賓語使用：I know nothing about it.做表語使用：Money isnt everything.1. 由every構成的everybody/everyone, everything都含有概括的意思，表示一切人或事物。e.g. Everybody/Everyone has a book.

7、每人（大家）都有一本書。2. someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 均表示某人，something, anything均表示某物，someone/somebody, something 一般用于肯定句，anybody/anyone, anything一般用于否定句或疑問句。e.g. There is someone / somebody in the room.There isnt anybody/anyone in the room.Is there anybody/anyone in the room?3. 和some一樣，somebody/someone, s

8、omething有時也用于疑問句中，含有肯定的意思（表示請求，建議或反問）。e.g. Why not ask somebody to help us?    Is someone coming this morning?4. anybody/anyone, anything 也可以用來表示任何人，任何事e.g. You can do anything you want.5. 形容詞可以修飾不定代詞，但必須放在不定代詞的后面。e.g. I found nothing interesting in todays newspaper.注意：1.不定代詞做主語，謂語動詞用

9、單數(shù)。2.有修飾語時，須放在不定代詞的后面。3. something, anything, nothing可用it代替，someone, somebody, everyone等做主語時可用he/she或they代替，做賓語時可用him/her或them代替。 三、used to do    used to do sth.意思是“過去常常做某事”，表示過去經(jīng)常做或一直做而現(xiàn)在不做，它只用于過去時態(tài)。   (一)肯定句式：主語used to動詞原形例如：I used to go to the cinema,but I never

10、 have time now.我過去經(jīng)常去看電影，但現(xiàn)在沒有時間了。He used to listen to pop music but now he likes rock music.他過去總聽流行音樂，但現(xiàn)在喜歡搖滾了。(二)否定句式：A)主語did not use to動詞原形B)主語used not to動詞原形第一種否定句型，就是把used當做實義動詞來看，所以變否定句要用助動詞did；第二種否定句是把used當做情態(tài)動詞，變否定句直接在used后面加not即可，used not可以縮寫成usedn't或usen't。美式英語通常用A種形式，英式英語常用B種形式。例如

11、：You didn't use to drink.你過去不喝酒。The shop usedn't to open on Sundays. 過去這家商店星期天不營業(yè)。(三)一般疑問句式：A)Did主語use to動詞原形？B)Used主語to動詞原形？美式英語通常用A種形式，英式英語用B種形式。例如：Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?你小時候經(jīng)常在河里游泳嗎？Used he go to school by bike?他過去騎車上學嗎？Used you play basketball?你過去常打籃

12、球嗎？Yes, I used to.(No,I usedn't.)是的，經(jīng)常打。(不，不常打。)I don't write to him now, but I used to.我現(xiàn)在不給他寫信了，但過去經(jīng)常寫。     be used to doing  “習慣于”，可用become和get代替。    e.g. Im used to living in the north.He gets used to getting up early.    be used to do 表示

13、被用做    e.g. Wood is used to make paper.造句1. such as2. of course3. prefer to do sth. 4. notany more(=no more) 5. no longer (=notany longer) 6.for a long time7.no water at all8.be good for9.at the side of10.at first 11.both of them他（它）們倆都12.different from與不同13.on the other hand詞匯造句1. su

14、ch as 1）比如，例如2）像這樣的，諸如這類There is a lot of fruit in the shop, such as oranges, bananas, etc.店中有多種水果出售，比如橘子、香蕉等等。They visited several cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Qingdao.他們游覽了幾個城市，如北京、上海、青島。Animals such as dogs and cats are called pets. 像狗、貓這類動物叫做寵物。2. of course當然，自然；當然可以Of course hell help

15、me. 他當然會幫助我?！癆re you going to see Mr. Green with us?” “Of course!”“你和我們一起去看望格林先生嗎？”“當然！”“May I use your telephone?” “Yes, of course.”“我可以借您的電話用一用嗎?” “當然可以?！癉o you want to go back?” “Of course not!”“你想回去嗎？”“當然不想!”3. prefer to do sth.寧愿做（某事）；更喜歡He prefers to live among the young people. 他更喜歡和年輕人住在一起。I

16、 would prefer not to go out today. 我今天寧愿不出去。He offered to drive us to the theatre, but we preferred to walk.他愿意開車送我們去劇場，但我們愿意走著去。4. notany more(=no more)不再，沒有再We did not see him any more. 我們沒有再見到他。Tom isnt a boy any more. 湯姆不再是個孩子了。You must not worry about it any more. 你千萬別再為這件事?lián)牧恕?. no longer (=no

17、tany longer)不再She no longer lives here.(=She doesnt live here any longer.)她已經(jīng)不住在這里了。He found that Mr. Smith was no longer working there.他發(fā)現(xiàn)史密斯先生已不在那里工作了。I can wait no longer. 我不能再等了。6.for a long time長時間，很久He stood there for a long time. 他在那里站了很長時間（站了半天）。I didnt know what to say for a long time. 我好長時

18、間不知說什么好。7.no water at all一點兒（水）也沒有There is no hope at all. 一點兒希望也沒有?！癐m sorry to give you so much trouble.” “Oh, its no trouble at all.”“對不起，給您添了這么多麻煩?！薄鞍?，一點兒不麻煩?！盜t will do you no harm at all. 那對你毫無害處。8.be good for對有好處；適合Milk is good for children. 牛奶對兒童有好處。Vegetables are good for our health. 蔬菜有利于身

19、體健康。The terrible English climate is not good for swimming.這種糟糕的英國氣候不適合游泳。9.at the side of在的旁邊，在的一側There is a big garden at the side of our house. 在我家房子旁邊有一個大花園。The child stood at the side of his mother. 這個孩子站在他母親的身旁。10.at first起初，開始時At first they didnt agree with us. 起初他們不同意我們的意見。I can hardly believe my ears at first. 最初我簡直認為我聽錯了。There was a littl