大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)提綱式作文寫作

1、 Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Outline: 1、有人贊成個(gè)人買車。 2、也有人持相反觀點(diǎn)。 3、你的看法。 Should People Own Cars or Not? Should People

2、 own Cars or not? Now having a car is more and more popular, so many familys want to buy a car. They think its useful. Some youngs think its cool, and many people think its convenent when they have a private car. They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time. Its save the tim

3、e. And they also can drive the car go wherever they want to . A family can have a travel togethter. Its comfortable. In a word, they can improve the quality of their life with a car. Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic. It can lead the development of many industries. It

4、s good for our countrys developing.作文評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作文評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)14分分 漂漂亮亮：切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連漂漂亮亮：切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，連貫性好，基本上語(yǔ)言貫，連貫性好，基本上語(yǔ)言無(wú)誤無(wú)誤。11分分清清楚楚：切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連清清楚楚：切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。8分分馬馬虎虎：基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)思想馬馬虎虎：基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，相當(dāng)多，其中一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤其中一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。5分分糊里糊涂：基本切題，表達(dá)思想不

5、清楚，糊里糊涂：基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有連貫性差，有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。2分分一塌糊涂：條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支一塌糊涂：條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎，或大部分句子離破碎，或大部分句子都有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)都有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤重錯(cuò)誤。 Praise, An Important Gift Some people think that critism can change ones view of life. However, many people argue that praise is more important. In my opinion, p

6、raise is more profitable than critism. Praise is like fresh air, without it, our life will become uninteresting and inhappy. Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot, but, the receiver can learn much. There are many people who succeed at last with a praise, Take myself for example. Though it happ

7、ened a long time ago, I remember it clearly. It was a sports meeting and I attend it. At first, I was very confident and thought I was the best of them, so I had no training. The truth was, during the race, many students left me behind. Then I want to give up and was frustrated. Fortunately, my PE t

8、eacher came and patted on my back:” As long as you stick to continue, success will belong to you. I believe you, come on!” He said with a smile. You know, I improved dramatically and won the prize. So, praise is an important gift.試評(píng)分！寫作對(duì)策寫作對(duì)策 內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，涵蓋提示要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，涵蓋提示要點(diǎn) 作文結(jié)構(gòu)層次是否清晰作文結(jié)構(gòu)層次是否清晰 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是

9、否流暢，有無(wú)重大語(yǔ)病，有無(wú)邏語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是否流暢，有無(wú)重大語(yǔ)病，有無(wú)邏輯錯(cuò)誤輯錯(cuò)誤 是否能恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂眠^(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)是否能恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂眠^(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ) 作文字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到要求作文字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到要求 卷面是否整潔，書(shū)寫是否漂亮卷面是否整潔，書(shū)寫是否漂亮寫作體裁 議論文議論文 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文 記敘文記敘文議論文開(kāi)頭開(kāi)頭常用句式 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of bene

10、fits but has created some serious problems as well. Nowadays, has become a problem we have to face. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that Many people insist that With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that A lot of people seem to think that 議

11、論文結(jié)尾結(jié)尾常用句式 Taking all these factors into consideration, we finally come to the conclusion that Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that Hence / Therefore, wed better arrive at the conclusion that There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as we

12、ll as merits. All in all, we cannot live withoutBut at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 寫作類型寫作類型 原因類原因類 （現(xiàn)象解釋型）（現(xiàn)象解釋型） 觀點(diǎn)類對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)類對(duì)立觀點(diǎn) （對(duì)比選擇型）（對(duì)比選擇型） 辦法類辦法類 （問(wèn)題解決型）（問(wèn)題解決型） 提問(wèn)類提問(wèn)類 （視情況而定）（視情況而定） 觀點(diǎn)類事物性質(zhì)觀點(diǎn)類事物性質(zhì) 利弊類利弊類 批駁類批駁類觀點(diǎn)論證類觀點(diǎn)論證類各種類型的寫作方法各

13、種類型的寫作方法 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型：基本方法為：描述現(xiàn)象分析原因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)象做出預(yù)測(cè)或如何促進(jìn)(限制)這種現(xiàn)象的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 對(duì)比選擇型對(duì)比選擇型：基本方法為：闡述一種觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度并表明這種觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度正確的理由;闡述第二種(相對(duì)或相反的)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度并說(shuō)明這種觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度正確的理由;表明個(gè)人支持或反對(duì)以上觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，并說(shuō)明原因。 問(wèn)題解決型問(wèn)題解決型：基本方法為：提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題。 觀點(diǎn)論證型觀點(diǎn)論證型：基本方法為：分析主題得出結(jié)論舉例論證得出結(jié)論(證明觀點(diǎn)的正確性)。三段式作文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排三段式作文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排表明對(duì)立表明對(duì)立的雙方觀的雙方觀點(diǎn)點(diǎn)表明個(gè)人態(tài)度表明個(gè)人態(tài)度及理由及理由總結(jié)重申自己的

14、立總結(jié)重申自己的立場(chǎng)，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)，展場(chǎng)，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)，展望未來(lái)。望未來(lái)。號(hào)召行動(dòng)。號(hào)召行動(dòng)。以事實(shí)論證，舉例論以事實(shí)論證，舉例論證，因果論證，反面證，因果論證，反面論證等方式進(jìn)行論證論證等方式進(jìn)行論證總結(jié)重申自己的立總結(jié)重申自己的立場(chǎng)，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)，展場(chǎng)，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)，展望未來(lái)。望未來(lái)。表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn) In my opinion From my point of view As far as I am concerned, As for me, I cannot entirely agree with the idea that Personally, I am standing on the side of

15、 Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why I sincerely believe that 論點(diǎn)：反面論證反面論證舉例論證舉例論證事實(shí)論證事實(shí)論證 因果論證因果論證論 證方 法舉例論證舉例論證： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration I can think of no better illustration of this point than . It can manifest itself best in It

16、 is not necessary to cite all the examples of this point, but suffice it to mention A good case in point is.事實(shí)論證： No one can deny the fact that There is no denying the fact that. It is universally acknowledged that It is obvious/ evident that It is common saying that As we all know,.As is shown in a

17、 recent survey,.According to a recent survey,. The following reasons may be responsible for. There are two main reasons accounting for the phenomenon. 除了下面兩個(gè)原因，沒(méi)有更好的了。除了下面兩個(gè)原因，沒(méi)有更好的了。 I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Several factors, both individual a

18、nd social, could account for the negative phenomenon. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost. 很明顯，有很多復(fù)雜的原因?qū)е逻@個(gè)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，很明顯，有很多復(fù)雜的原因?qū)е逻@個(gè)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，而下面的是最有代表性的。而下面的是最有代表性的。17原因論證常用過(guò)渡句原因論證常用過(guò)渡句 Why did? For one thingFor another Perhap

19、s the primary reason is I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows. 原因論證常用過(guò)渡句原因論證常用過(guò)渡句 As a result Therefore, . ., which has brought about./ which will contribute to.19結(jié)果論證常用過(guò)渡句：結(jié)果論證常用過(guò)渡句： 反面論證（1句）：要是沒(méi)有的話，我們就不會(huì)取得一個(gè) 一個(gè)偉大的成就2. 沒(méi)能做到.的人必將在處事中出于不利的位置原因類Harmfulness of Fake Com

20、modities1. 目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會(huì)有這。為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象種現(xiàn)象? 2. 舉例說(shuō)明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人、舉例說(shuō)明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人、社會(huì)等的危害。社會(huì)等的危害。 Nowadays a lot of fake commodities flood into the market and do great harm to the consumers and the whole society. Why are there so many fake commodities? The first reas

21、on, in my mind, is that some people dream of earning a large sum of money easily and quickly. Furthermore, the general social atmosphere is somewhat unhealthy-many people attach great importance to money instead of honesty. Last but not least, some government officials are not doing their jobs. Harm

22、fulness of Fake Commodities The harmfulness of fake commodities has become more than obvious at the moment. First of all, The consumers are the direct victims, they spend money buying unqualified and even useless products. In the second place, the authentic producers also suffer great loss. Thirdly,

23、 fake commodities may even be dangerous sometimes, such as fake food and medicine, which are a threat to peoples health. Consequently, it is high time that we made great efforts to put an end to fake commodities.觀點(diǎn)類對(duì)立觀點(diǎn) My View on Opportunity1 有的人認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)是極少的，另一些人則有的人認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)是極少的，另一些人則認(rèn)為人人都會(huì)有某種機(jī)會(huì)。認(rèn)為人人都會(huì)有某種機(jī)

24、會(huì)。2 我的看法我的看法3 結(jié)論結(jié)論My View on Opportunity When it comes to opportunity, peoples opinions differ. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latte

25、r opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe opportunities are everywhere around us. No person will be unlucky enough to have no opportunities all the time, because every dog has his day”. For another, since opportunities are transient, we have to make good preparations and improve ourselves. Just thi

26、nk of Newton, who discovered the Law of Gravitation when many people had watched an apple falling ahead of them. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities around us. Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instea

27、d of letting them slip by, just as an old saying goes, opportunities are only for the prepared minds”.辦法類(個(gè)人問(wèn)題)How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1 面試在求職過(guò)程中的作用面試在求職過(guò)程中的作用2 取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是How to Succeed in a Job Interview A job interview is vital to t

28、he job-hunting process in that if you are successful in it, you stand a good chance of final obtaining the ideal job. Then how can we succeed in job interview? In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good first impression on the interviewer. In the second place,

29、when it comes to talking, you should speak of your expertise and special abilities clearly and honestly. Whats more, self-confidence is also an important factor, telling the interviewer that you will face the challenge whenever you encounter difficulties. You will succeed in a job interview as long

30、as you put the above principles into practice. As a result, you will probably obtain the job you have been dreaming of. 提問(wèn)類Should College Marriage be permitted?1 關(guān)于是否允許大學(xué)生結(jié)婚的討論在校園里關(guān)于是否允許大學(xué)生結(jié)婚的討論在校園里興起。興起。2 我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法。我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法。 A national debate has sprung up on whether college marriage should be per

31、mitted. Many people strongly oppose the permission of college marriage. They hold that the chief task for college students is to study, and marriage will distract their attention and occupy a lot of time. Moreover, students are not economically independent, so marriage will cause a lot of problems s

32、uch as future job hunting and housing. In a word, they believe marriage will largely hinder both present study and future work. From my perspective, I think college marriage should be permitted but be practiced with extreme care. For one thing, the right of college students should be respected, as t

33、hey are adults. For another, the restriction on the age of students was done away with in 2001, and many elder students attend universities. Last but not the least, the time in college is so precious that every student will think twice before they get married. Undoubtedly, few students will ever get

34、 married after college marriage is permitted, but the authority should grant them the right.Should College Marriage be permitted?觀點(diǎn)類事物性質(zhì) My View on Double BA Degree 1 現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生讀雙學(xué)位的現(xiàn)象很常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生讀雙學(xué)位的現(xiàn)象很常見(jiàn) 2 我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法My View on Double BA Degree Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college

35、 students to have two majors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later. Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students

36、 will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for todays university students, tuition and fees

37、 are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem. Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not

38、 only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition. 認(rèn)為，主張認(rèn)為，主張argue, maintain, hold, believe考慮考慮takeinto consideration, consider, think over, reflect on認(rèn)為，思考，考慮認(rèn)為，思考，考慮think下結(jié)論，斷定下結(jié)論，斷定come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert斷定斷定j

39、udge獲得獲得acquire, obtain, attain, reap贏得，取得贏得，取得earn, gain得到得到get支持，贊成支持，贊成approve of, in favor of, stand by ones side, agree with, 提倡提倡advocate, recommend支持支持support利弊子類The Golden Week1 黃金周給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處黃金周給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處2 黃金周給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的弊端黃金周給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的弊端3 我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣過(guò)好黃金周我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣過(guò)好黃金周The Golden Week The golden weekNational Da

40、y holidayhas brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the beginning. First, it gives students time to take a rest after months of hard work. Second, they can conduct social activities to combine book knowledge with practice. Third, they can also use this precious week to make progres

41、s in study or carry out specialized research. Though it does good to college students in many ways, the golden week can never to be said to bring no problems. For one thing, many students eat and sleep too much during the vacation, which are harmful to their health. For another, quite a few students

42、 spend too much time playing video games or going sightseeing. How can they make progress in their study if they do not cherish time at all? In order to make good use of the golden week, I form the habit of making a concrete plan before it comes. On the one hand, I always set aside enough time for r

43、eviewing lessons and reading relevant literature. On the other hand, I usually go to watch a movie and listen to a concert at the Grand Opera. By carefully planning my time, I am confident to spend a meaningful golden week.反對(duì)反對(duì)oppose, object to抵制抵制resist反對(duì)反對(duì)say no to意義深遠(yuǎn)的意義深遠(yuǎn)的far-reaching, profound,

44、 significant重要的重要的important充分運(yùn)用充分運(yùn)用optimize, make best / full use of, 使用使用employ, utilize使用使用use好處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)好處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)advantage, merit, benefit壞處，缺點(diǎn)壞處，缺點(diǎn)disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency好處好處good side重要的，有重要的，有 決定性的決定性的vital, crucial, critical, decisive應(yīng)用應(yīng)用apply壞處壞處bad side批駁類My View on Teenagers

45、Studying Abroad1 現(xiàn)在有很多青少年出國(guó)留學(xué)現(xiàn)在有很多青少年出國(guó)留學(xué)2 有些人認(rèn)為這種做法是有益的有些人認(rèn)為這種做法是有益的3 我認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是不對(duì)的我認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是不對(duì)的My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools. Many people,

46、 especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance. Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a b

47、etter job in the future. After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents. On the other hand, the educational qual

48、ity is also a question too many foreign schools aim at earning money. When the children come back, who can guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here? We can see clearly that although teenagers studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It se

49、ems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.把把看做，當(dāng)做看做，當(dāng)做regard as, consider as, look onas, treatas, viewas把把看做，當(dāng)做看做，當(dāng)做seeas全面的，徹底的全面的，徹底的utter, thorough完全的完全的complete起作用起作用解釋解釋難以置信的，難以置信的，驚人的驚人的play a role, perform, function, serve, play a part解釋解釋explainacco

50、unt for, illustrate, clarifyfantastic, incredible, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, amazing, astonishing起作用起作用work驚人的，極好的驚人的，極好的great, surprising勤奮的，勤勉的勤奮的，勤勉的diligent, industrious勤奮的勤奮的hardworking認(rèn)真的，謹(jǐn)慎的認(rèn)真的，謹(jǐn)慎的conscientious, cautious認(rèn)真的認(rèn)真的careful, serious冷靜的，清醒地冷靜的，清醒地sober, rea

51、sonable, sensible, rational聰明的聰明的bright, intelligent, wise, brilliant平靜的平靜的calm適應(yīng)適應(yīng)be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to集中精力于集中精力于focus on, center on, concentrate on聰明的聰明的clever適應(yīng)適應(yīng)be used to專心于專心于set ones mind on注意注意Pay ones attention to常用句式和常用表達(dá) 列舉：for one thing, for another, finally, be

52、sides, moreover, oneanother, still another, first, second, then, also, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important 舉例：for example, for instance, one example is, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, a case in point,

53、that is, incidentally, as an illustration, such as, in fact, in general, in particular, to illustrate, namely 定義：refer to, call, mean 比較a.相似的比較：likewise, in comparison, similarly, in the same mannerb.相反的比較：on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, whereas, , instead, in contrast, nevertheless,

54、 compared with 表示時(shí)間：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meanwhile / meantime, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after

55、a while, now 表示方位和順序：before, behind, below, beneath, between, here, there, where, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right (left), in (the) front of, at the back of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to 表示概要和結(jié)論：in a word, in short, in brief, to sum up, on the whole, by an

56、d large, all in all, so far, therefore, thus, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, to end with 列出解決辦法的常用句式列出解決辦法的常用句式 Here are some suggestions for handling that The best way to solve the trouble is People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 提出建議的常用句式 It is high time t

57、hat we put an end to the (trend). It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of Obviously, if we want to do sth, it is essential that Only in this way can we It must be realized that 用于駁斥的語(yǔ)句用于駁斥的

58、語(yǔ)句 1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I am doubtful whether the argument bears 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I hold that . 3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicates that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to ignore the fact that . 5. Although it is widely acc

59、epted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but that . 7. There is/are reason(s) for us to believe that . 8. What these people fail to see is that . 9. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that . 批駁錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)和做法 常用句式 As far as sth is concerned, It was

60、obvious that It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that It is natural to believe that, but we shouldnt ignore that There is no evidence to suggest that如何寫好英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文？ 審題 （what, to whom, how, etc.） 開(kāi)好頭 寫好主題句 注意行文的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性 注意說(shuō)明方法的選擇（eg.: 舉例法、過(guò)程分析法、分類法、因果分析法、比較法、細(xì)節(jié)法，etc.） 注意說(shuō)明順序 （eg.: 空間順序、時(shí)間順序、邏輯順序、認(rèn)識(shí)順序，e