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1、一一.定義定義 定義:讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種,其本定義:讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種,其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管盡管”或或“即使即使”,就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫?,就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫摹巴艘煌艘徊秸f步說”的感覺。的感覺。二二.關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有:引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有:though和和although(雖然,縱然),(雖然,縱然),while, as(雖然(雖然.但但是是.); even if和和even though(即使(即使縱使縱使); whether.or.(無論是否或不管是無論是否或不管是還是還是); no m

2、atter+疑問詞(不管疑問詞(不管都都),疑問詞),疑問詞-ever,regardless of+名詞名詞/名詞短語名詞短語/名詞從句,名詞從句,despite和和in spite of(盡管盡管). 三三.位置位置讓步狀語從句可以前置,也可以后置;讓步狀語從句可以前置,也可以后置;前置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容,后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句前置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容,后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。有時(shí)也可以采取中位(插入句內(nèi)容。有時(shí)也可以采取中位(插入句中)。中)。 although和和though同義,在一般情況同義,在一般情況下,可以互換使用。只是下,可以互換使用。只是though較普遍,較普遍,常用于非正式的口語或書面語中,而

3、常用于非正式的口語或書面語中,而although則較為正式。另外則較為正式。另外although語氣語氣比比though重,常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念。重,常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念。 Though Although it was raining,we went there. 雖然下著雨,但我們還是去雖然下著雨,但我們還是去了那兒。了那兒。 Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were already on. 盡管才盡管才四點(diǎn)鐘,燈已經(jīng)亮了。四點(diǎn)鐘,燈已經(jīng)亮了。 Though Although we are poor, we are st

4、ill happy. 我們雖然窮,仍然很快活我們雖然窮,仍然很快活Though/Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one. 雖然我的汽車很舊,但我不想買一輛新的。雖然我的汽車很舊,但我不想買一輛新的。 He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. 雖然我警告他不要做,但他仍然堅(jiān)持要做。雖然我警告他不要做,但他仍然堅(jiān)持要做。 even能和能和though組合表示強(qiáng)調(diào),但組合表示強(qiáng)調(diào),但even不能和不能和although組合。因此,不能組合。因此,不能說說 e

5、v e n a l t h o u g h , 在 這 里在 這 里 e v e n though=even if(no matter if; though即即使使也也) e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.即使我們付得起這筆錢,也不出國度假。即使我們付得起這筆錢,也不出國度假。 當(dāng)讓步狀語從句指某種假設(shè)情況時(shí),當(dāng)讓步狀語從句指某種假設(shè)情況時(shí),通常用通常用though,而不用而不用although。 e.g. Though all the world were ag

6、ainst me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反對(duì)我,我還是堅(jiān)持我的就算全世界都反對(duì)我,我還是堅(jiān)持我的立場(chǎng)。立場(chǎng)。 Though everybody deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都拋棄你,我也不會(huì)的。即使所有人都拋棄你,我也不會(huì)的。 though可以獨(dú)立用作副詞,常放可以獨(dú)立用作副詞,常放在句末,意為在句末,意為all the same (還是;還是;仍然仍然)或或however(可是;然而可是;然而),而,而although無此用法。無此用法。 e.g. She didnt tell me what sh

7、e had done, but I know it though. 她沒有告訴我她所做的事情,但我她沒有告訴我她所做的事情,但我還是知道了。還是知道了。 Its hard work. I enjoy it, though. 工作很苦,可是我喜歡。工作很苦,可是我喜歡。 though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可以倒引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可以倒裝,而裝,而although從句則不能。從句則不能。 e.g. Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 雖然他們打得很勇敢,但還是沒有機(jī)雖然他們打得很勇敢,但還是沒有機(jī)會(huì)獲勝。會(huì)獲勝。 Poo

8、r though I am, I can afford it. 我雖我雖窮,但這東西還是買得起的。窮,但這東西還是買得起的。 Child though he was, he did quite well. 他雖是孩子,但干得很好。他雖是孩子,但干得很好。 相同點(diǎn):相同點(diǎn): 在在although和和though引導(dǎo)的讓步引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,主句里不可用狀語從句中,主句里不可用but,若若要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對(duì)比意義,可要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對(duì)比意義,可在主句前加在主句前加yet或或still。 e.g. Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still

9、 he is unhappy. 他雖然有很多錢,但并不幸福。他雖然有很多錢,但并不幸福。 although和和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),常采用省略形式。從句時(shí),常采用省略形式。 e.g. Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working. 雖然很疲勞,但他繼續(xù)工作。雖然很疲勞,但他繼續(xù)工作。 The problem, though complicated(=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.even if 與與

10、even though同義,常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念同義,常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again.注:注:if 有時(shí)也可以用于讓步含義,但要注意條件有時(shí)也可以用于讓步含義,但要注意條件if 與讓步與讓步if 的區(qū)別,試比較:的區(qū)別,試比較: If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (條件條件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (讓步讓步) (= even if) 在

11、正式文體或文學(xué)作品中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的含義,可在正式文體或文學(xué)作品中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的含義,可用用as引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首,而將從句中的一般不置于句首,而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首。(表語或狀語置于句首。(though, that與與as一樣,也可以一樣,也可以用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)),如下面幾種情況:用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)),如下面幾種情況: 表語的倒裝:表語的倒裝: Old as I am, I can still fight. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult though the

12、 task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 謂語動(dòng)詞的倒裝:謂語動(dòng)詞的倒裝: Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.Try as you may, you will never succeed. 狀語的倒裝:(這時(shí)不可在狀語之前加狀語的倒裝:(這時(shí)不可在狀語之前加very, much等修飾語)等修飾語) Much as I adm

13、ire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞最高級(jí)作表語,不再如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞最高級(jí)作表語,不再用冠詞,如:用冠詞,如:Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. as從句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中,當(dāng)從句可以置

14、于主句前、主句后或句中,當(dāng)as從句置于句首時(shí),主句前可加從句置于句首時(shí),主句前可加yet ,如:如: Mary, brave as she is, is afraid of snakes.Rich as he is, (yet) I dont envy him.注意比較下列各句:注意比較下列各句: While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (讓步讓步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (讓步讓步) While I was reading,

15、the light went out. (時(shí)間時(shí)間)He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比) while (= although),它引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句只能前它引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句只能前置,位于句首,如:置,位于句首,如: While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 這種從句也稱這種從句也稱“選擇條件選擇條件-讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句”,可位于主句之前或之后,如:可位于主句之前或之后,如: Whe

16、ther he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not sh

17、e wanted it. Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相當(dāng)于連接詞短語既相當(dāng)于連接詞短語no matter 連接主連接主句與從句,又相當(dāng)于疑問代詞句與從句,又相當(dāng)于疑問代詞who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are c

18、ertainly right. Whichever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection. Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相當(dāng)于既相當(dāng)于no matter 連接主句與從句,又連接主句與從句,又相當(dāng)于疑問形容詞相當(dāng)于疑問形容詞what 修飾名詞修飾名詞difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room i

19、s assigned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same. However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相當(dāng)于既相當(dāng)于 no matter 連接主句與從句,連接主句與從句,又相當(dāng)于疑問副詞又相當(dāng)于疑問副詞 how 修飾修飾 difficult。) Wherever ( = no matter where) they

20、went, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. The dog follows me wherever I go. 注意注意(1)“no matter+疑問詞疑問詞”或或“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的含義為的含義為“都都;不管;不管都都” 它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:如: No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 無論發(fā)生了什么,他都

21、不會(huì)介意的。無論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會(huì)介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是誰,你都要遵紀(jì)守法。不管你是誰,你都要遵紀(jì)守法。 (2)但但“no matter+疑問詞疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而語從句,而“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從名詞性從句。句。例如:例如: Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)

22、讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么,我無論你說什么,我都不會(huì)相信你。都不會(huì)相信你。 Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。什么。 Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎。不管誰來都受到歡迎。 However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great th

23、e difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome.11由由whenever, wherever 引導(dǎo)的從句,同時(shí)也分引導(dǎo)的從句,同時(shí)也分別是時(shí)間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句,這里作為讓別是時(shí)間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句,這里作為讓步狀語從句來看待,是強(qiáng)調(diào)它們帶有步狀語從句來看待,是強(qiáng)調(diào)它們帶有no matter when, no matter where 的含義。在口語中用的含義。在口語中用no matter +wh- 結(jié)構(gòu)比較

24、常見。例如:結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見。例如:No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主可置于主句之后句之后)原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:1. Because because 表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng),表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng),because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常位所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常位于主句之后,于主句之后,because所引導(dǎo)的句子還所引導(dǎo)的句子還常用于回答常用于回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。引導(dǎo)的特

25、殊疑問句。e.g: I do it because I like it.2. since/now that。通常譯為。通常譯為“既既然然”,表示已知的,表示已知的顯然的理由,語顯然的理由,語氣比氣比 because 弱,較為正式;弱,較為正式;now that,更突出事實(shí)本身。,更突出事實(shí)本身。 Since 和和now that 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之前。般位于主句之前。e.g: 既然你比較空閑,那就幫我既然你比較空閑,那就幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)吧。補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)吧。 Since you are free, come and help me with my mathemati

26、cs.既然你是個(gè)男子漢,就不要做既然你是個(gè)男子漢,就不要做這樣的事了。這樣的事了。Now that you are a man, you must not do such a thing.3. As 引導(dǎo)附帶說明的引導(dǎo)附帶說明的“雙方已知的原雙方已知的原因因”,語氣比,語氣比since弱,較為正式,位弱,較為正式,位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。天還在下雨,你還是乘出租車好了。天還在下雨,你還是乘出租車好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.4. forFor 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并非用于說所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并非用

27、于說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,而是為了明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,而是為了提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明,只能放于提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明,只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。開。e.g: 他不可能見到我,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我并不他不可能見到我,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我并不在那里。在那里。He could not have seen me, for I was not there.注意:注意:在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時(shí),只可用句時(shí),只可用It is/was because that而不可用而不可用since 或或 as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。引導(dǎo)原因狀語

28、從句。由于她媽媽病了,她沒和我們一起去。由于她媽媽病了,她沒和我們一起去。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us. 還有一些介詞短語也可以表示原因。這類還有一些介詞短語也可以表示原因。這類介詞短語有:介詞短語有:thanks to, as a result of,because of, due to, owing to 等。等。e.g: 多虧了你的幫忙,我才通過了測(cè)驗(yàn)。多虧了你的幫忙,我才通過了測(cè)驗(yàn)。由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),許多人喪失了生命。由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),許多人喪失了生命。 As a result of the war,many p

29、eoples lives were lost. Thanks to your help, I passed the test.由于需求的增加,一些商品提價(jià)了。由于需求的增加,一些商品提價(jià)了。Some articles have risen in price due to the increasing demand.那班列車因天氣惡劣而誤點(diǎn)。那班列車因天氣惡劣而誤點(diǎn)。The train was late owing to the bad weather.seeing that, considering that, in that 等也等也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句??梢砸龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句。既然他沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

30、,他就不合適這項(xiàng)工作。既然他沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn),他就不合適這項(xiàng)工作。 Seeing (that) he is inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.考慮到這個(gè)時(shí)間交通很擁擠,我們只好考慮到這個(gè)時(shí)間交通很擁擠,我們只好再呆一會(huì)兒。再呆一會(huì)兒。Considering (that) the traffic is heavy this time of day, we will have to wait a little longer.我喜歡這座城市,但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)我喜歡這座城市,但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村,因?yàn)槟抢镉懈逍碌目諝狻4?,因?yàn)槟抢镉懈逍碌目諝狻 like the

31、city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.注意注意: 1. before 引導(dǎo)的從句常用句型;引導(dǎo)的從句常用句型;It is long before (過了(過了 好久才好久才)It is not long before(過了不久就過了不久就)2. till/ until (till 一般不放在句首一般不放在句首) 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(肯定式)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(肯定式)+ until (直到直到為止為止)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(否定式)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(否定式)+until (直到直到才才)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;It is not untilthat

32、 I waited until/till he had finished his work.3. since 譯為譯為 自從自從來來since+瞬間性動(dòng)詞過去式,從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)瞬間性動(dòng)詞過去式,從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)4. 原因狀語從句的連原因狀語從句的連 because/as/since because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,說明直接原引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,說明直接原因。有時(shí)也用于推測(cè)性理由表示必然的因因。有時(shí)也用于推測(cè)性理由表示必然的因果關(guān)系?;卮鸸P(guān)系?;卮饂hy 只能用只能用because,在在because 前可加前可加 only, just等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的義的 詞或否定詞詞或否定詞not.在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí),在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí),只能用只能用 because從句從句 不能用不能用since或或

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